World debt hits record $164 trillion as crisis hangover lingers

全球债务达到创纪录的164万亿美元

NEW DELHI: The world’s debt load has ballooned to a record $164 trillion, a trend that could make it harder for countries to respond to the next recession and pay off debts if financing conditions tighten, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said.

新德里：国际货币基金组织表示，全球债务负担已飙升至创纪录的164万亿美元，这一趋势可能使各国更难以应对下一次衰退，更难在融资条件收紧时偿还债务。

Global public and private debt swelled to 225 per cent of global gross domestic product in 2016, the last year for which the IMF provided figures, the fund said Wednesday in its semi-annual Fiscal Monitor report. The previous peak was in 2009, according to the Washington-based fund.

国际货币基金组织周三在其半年度财政监测报告中表示，2016年全球债务总额相当于全球国内生产总值的225%，根据这家总部位于华盛顿的基金组织的数据，上一个数值高峰出现在2009年。

“One hundred and sixty-four trillion is a huge number,” Vitor Gaspar, head of the IMF’s fiscal affairs department, said in an interview. “When we talk about the risks looming on the horizon, one of the risks has to do with the high level of public and private debt.”

“一百六十四万亿是一个庞大的数字，”国际货币基金组织财政事务部门的负责人维托尔贾斯帕在一次采访中说，“在谈论未来面临的风险时，其中一定会包括公共和私人债务水平的高企。”

The global debt burden clouded the IMF’s otherwise upbeat outlook of the world economy, which is in its strongest upswing since 2011. The fund on Tuesday forecast expansion of 3.9 per cent in 2018 and 2019, while saying in subsequent years the global economy could be impacted by tighter monetary policy and the fading effects of US fiscal stimulus.

全球债务负担影响了国际货币基金组织对全球经济的乐观看法，这是自2011年以来最强劲的增长。国际货币基金组织周二预测，2018年和2019年的经济增长将达到3.9%，而在随后的几年里，全球经济可能会受到紧缩货币政策和美国财政刺激效应减弱的影响。

Surging private-sector debt, particularly in , is driving the build-up. has accounted for almost three-quarters of the increase in private debt since the global financial crisis, according to the fund.

私人部门债务激增，尤其是在，推动着这种增长。该基金表示，自全球金融危机以来，的私人债务增加了近四分之三。

The IMF figures lay bare the scale of the debt hangover from which the world is still recovering a decade after the financial crisis pushed the global banking system to the brink and tipped the world economy into recession. Governments increased spending to boost growth, while central banks resorted to unconventional methods to ease financing conditions, such as buying bonds.

国际货币基金组织的数据显示，在金融危机将全球银行体系推至崩溃边缘、并将全球经济拖入衰退的十年后，全球仍处于从债务遗留问题中复苏的过程。各国政府增加支出以刺激经济增长，而央行则采取非常规手段缓解融资条件，比如购买债券。

High levels of sovereign debt could make it difficult for governments to refinance when their debt reaches maturity, especially if financing conditions tighten, the IMF said. Large debts also impede the ability of nations to increase spending if their economies fall into recession, and may cause a drag on growth, according to the fund.

国际货币基金组织表示，高水平的主权债务可能令政府在债务到期时难以进行再融资，尤其是在融资条件收紧的情况下。该基金表示，如果经济陷入衰退，巨额债务还会阻碍各国增加支出的能力，并可能拖累经济增长。

The IMF said countries should take decisive action to rebuild their fiscal buffers so they can increase spending during hard times. The fund urged the US, whose budget deficit is expected to surpass $1 trillion by 2020, to “recalibrate” its fiscal policy so government debt-to-GDP levels decline over the medium term.

国际货币基金组织表示，各国应采取果断行动，削减债务和赤字，建立财政缓冲机制。该基金敦促美国，其预算赤字到2020年将超过1万亿美元，美国应该“重新调整”财政政策，确保政府债务与国内生产总值的比例在中期之后下降。

The combination of last year’s tax cuts and increased government spending in a recent US budget deal will benefit all income groups, the IMF said. However, those in the top quintile of incomes would benefit the most, followed by those in the bottom quintile, the fund said. As a result, the measures may contribute to the further “hollowing out” of middle-class incomes, it said.

国际货币基金组织表示，在美国最近的预算协议中，去年减税和增加政府支出的组合措施将惠及所有收入群体。不过，该基金表示，收入位居顶部20%的人群受益最多，其次是收入最低的20%人群。其结果是，这些措施可能会导致中产阶级收入的进一步“空心化”。

Many governments have troubling debt-to-GDP levels, according to the fund. More than one-third of advanced economies had debt-to-GDP levels above 85 per cent, three times more nations than in 2000, the IMF said. Among major economies, Japan had the highest debt-to-GDP level last year, at 236 per cent, followed by Italy at 132 per cent and the US at 108 per cent.

该基金表示，许多政府的债务与国内生产总值水平的比值都存在问题。国际货币基金组织表示，超过三分之一的发达经济体的债务与国内生产总值水平之比超过85%，这些国家的数量已经达到2000年的三倍。在主要经济体中，日本去年的债务与国内生产总值水平最高，为236%，其次是意大利的132%和美国的108%。

Meanwhile, a fifth of emerging markets and middle-income countries had debt levels above 70 per cent of GDP, led by Brazil at 84 per cent and India at 70.2 per cent. Gross government debt in stood at 47.8 per cent last year, according to the IMF.

与此同时，五分之一的新兴市场和中等收入国家的债务水平超过GDP的70%，巴西和印度分别为84%和70.2%。的政府债务总额为47.8%。

译文来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/44749.html

印度时报网友评论：

Vijay Naidu

16470

Vijay Naidu-Location-21 hours ago

The article says world''s debt level is 164 trillion dollars. It also says India''s debt level is 70.2 percent of GDP. It is huge and mind boggling. Yet politicians would want to borrow and pay for voters and continue throw freebies until they face next election. The hard working people and their children''s children have to keep working hard for ever. Current political system is not working for all the people.

文章说世界的债务水平是164万亿美元。它还说印度的债务水平是GDP的70.2%。这个数字如此庞大，令人难以置信。然而，政客们想要借钱给选民，并在下次选举前继续提供免费赠品。勤劳的人民和他们的孩子们必须努力工作，永无尽头。当前的政治体制并不适用于所有人。

Ashutosh Gupta

857

ashutosh gupta-4 hours ago

Congress will say that RSS and Hindu terrorism is behind this.

国大党会说印度极右翼党和印度教恐怖分子导致了这一切