How did India become a unified country?

印度是如何成为一个统一的国家的？

quora评论翻译：

Vivek Krishna, Observer

维韦克克里希纳，观察员

The answer given by Anon user gives a great historical perspective. In fact Nehru's "Discovery of India" starts with the precise question - what is it that makes us all Indian? There is no simple answer. It is a combination of common religion, similar languages and being under the same ruling authority at different parts of history( from Ashoka in ~300BC to the English Crown till 1947). All of this contributes to the intangible common thread holding us all together.

事实上，尼赫鲁的《发现印度》一开篇就提出了一个明确的问题：是什么使我们都成为印度人? 答案并不简单。印度是共同的宗教、相似的语言以及在不同历史时期的权威统治相结合的产物(从公元前300年的阿育王到1947年的英国王室)。所有这些构成一条无形纽带将我们紧紧团结在一起。

However it is interesting to note that despite this, the effort to integrate all of the provinces and princely states into the Indian Union was a great achievement. There were secessionist forces in the princely states of Travancore, Hyderabad and Kashmir. The Nagas revolted in the 50s and then the Sikhs later on. I think part of the reason for success was to decide to create states on linguistic basis. It allows for people with a common language and culture to have their own state while still being part of the union.

尽管如此，致力于把印度各邦和土邦都纳入印度联邦也是一项丰功伟绩。在特拉凡尔哥、海得拉巴和克什米尔等土邦，不乏分裂势力。那迦人在50年代起义，后来锡克教徒也起义了。他们能成功部分原因在于决定根据语言来划分邦域，允许拥有共同语言和文化的人们自成一邦，但他们仍是整个联邦的一部分。

Ajay Pathak, Graduate Engineer Trainee (2017-present)

阿杰伊帕萨克，见习工程师（2017-至今）

There are many factors which contributed for the unification of India. They are as mentioned below:

促成印度统一的因素有很多。如下所述:

1. Geographical Unity:

India has its own fixed natural boundary, because of which different communities are forced to live together. It is surrounded on the one side by the great Himalayan range and on the other sides by the high seas. India has always referred to this vast land expanding from the Himalayas in the North to the Kanya Kumari in the South. Even today India includes the realization of a geographical unity.

1. 地域统一

由于固定的自然边界，印度不同的群体被迫生活在一起。一面被大喜马拉雅山脉所环绕，一面被外海所包围。印度一直自诩幅员辽阔，北至喜马拉雅山，南至坎亚库马瑞。

2. Religious Unity:

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Religious unity can be divided into three levels:

Firstly, the unity among various religious groups, such as Hindu, Muslim, Christian etc. All these religions have some common principles like principles of benevolence, honesty, faith in an invisible power, value of life etc.

Secondly, the unity among the different sects of Hindu religion. It is based on a common faith system or belief system. All of them believe in immortality of soul, temporary nature of world, doctrine of karma etc.

Thirdly, the unity among the Hindus who are scattered all over India.

2.宗教统一

宗教统一可分为三个层次:

首先，各种宗教团体之间的统一，如印度教、msl、基督教等。所有这些宗教都有一些共同的原则，如仁爱、诚实、对无形力量的信仰、生命的价值等。

第二， 印度教不同教派之间的统一，基于共同的信仰体系或信念体系。他们都相信灵魂不朽、世界的短暂性、因果报应等等。

第三，印度各地的印度教徒的团结统一。

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There are some religious elements accepted by each and every Hindu without considering their differences in ideas, customs, caste etc. Some of the epics like Mahabharat, Ramayan, Bhagbat are accepted by all.

每个印度教徒都会不假思索的接受一些宗教文化，从不考虑他们在思想、习俗、种姓等方面的差异。一些史诗，如摩诃婆罗多、罗摩传、巴拉特几乎被所有人所接受。

The unity is expressed through the places of worship scattered ah over the country, like Badrinath, Dwarka, Rameswar, Puri etc. The pilgrimage to all the religious places creates the feeling of patriotism and a feeling for the unity of this country.

通过遍布全国各地的宗教场所地来呈现统一，如巴德林纳特、德瓦卡、拉姆斯瓦尔、普里等。到所有宗教场所朝圣能营造一种爱国主义和国家统一的感觉。

3. Cultural Unity:

Indian culture possesses a fundamental unity. The fundamental approach to literature, philosophy, tradition and customs is typically Indian. Some of the religious and cultural festivals are celebrated all over the country without any consideration of caste or religion. Likewise, social institutions like caste and joint family are found throughout India. Even they are found among Muslims and Christians.

2. 文化统一

印度文化具备基本的统一性，文学、哲学、传统和风俗的基本统一是典型的印度式的。一些宗教和文化节日在全国各地举行，并不纠结种姓和宗教差异。同样，种姓制度和联合家庭等社会制度在印度随处可见，甚至在msl和基督徒中也有。

4. Linguistic Unity:

In India a large number of languages are found. The problem of multiplicity of languages is solved because Sanskrit works as a link language. People of the North and the South have accepted Sanskrit as their language. Sanskrit is the only language in which the entire ancient literature and philosophy of the past are recorded.

4.语言统一

印度有很多种语言。梵语作为一种联系语言，解决了语言多样性的问题。北方和南方的人们已经接受了梵语作为他们的语言。梵语是唯一记录了古代文学和哲学的语言。

5. Political unity:

In the past India was divided into so many kingdoms. At the time of British rule the concept of political unification emerged to make India free from the clutches of the Britishers. After independence India adopted de ocratic system of politics which demands political unification at all its levels.

5.政治统一

在过去，印度分为许多王国。在英国统治时期，政治统一的概念出现，使印度摆脱了英国人的魔爪。独立后印度采用民*政治制度，要求各级政治统一。

6. Racial Unity:

From the earliest time India has invaded by different races such as Aryans, Shaks, Huns etc. But with the passage of time they merged so completely with the local population and culture that they lost all traces of their original nature and cannot be distinguished today. They are totally merged into Indian culture and civilization.

6.种族统一

自古以来，印度先后被雅利安人、沙克人、匈奴人等不同种族入侵。但随着时间的推移，入侵者与当地的种群和文化完全融合在一起，以至于失去了自己原始的本性，到今天已经无法区分。他们已经完全融入了印度文化和文明。

7. Emotional Unity:

Finally, there is an emotional bond in India that binds all the members of the nation. The very word Bharat Varsha binds all Indians and emotionally they become closer to one another. They can also sacrifice their lives to protect India from foreigners.

The burning example is Kargil war. From all these facts it is obvious that India is a fine example of unity in diversity. All these areas of unity cross the boundaries of caste, creed, social custom and religious grou to establish unity in diversities.

7.情感统一

最后，在印度有一种情感纽带将所有国家的成员紧紧联系在一起。巴拉特·瓦沙这个词把所有的印度人联系在一起，他们的感情变得更加亲密。他们甚至可以牺牲自己的生命来保护印度不受外国人的侵害。

卡吉尔战争就是一个很好的例子。综上事实可以明显看出，印度是求同存异的典范。所有这些领域的统一都跨越了种姓、信仰、社会习俗和宗教团体的界限，以求在多样性中建立统一。

Anonymous

匿名网友

The Mughals and later the British helped people come together in the face of common enemy.

Both Mughals and British followed a expansionist policy. They both wanted to rule over the entire subcontinent which ended up unifying people despite various languages and cultures.

莫卧儿和后来的英国人帮助人们团结起来面对共同的敌人。

莫卧儿和英国人都奉行扩张主义政策。他们都试图统治整个次大陆，无视语言和文化的不同想完成统一，结果都灭亡了。。

There is also a shared history (of hundreds of thousands of years if not more), influence of Hinduism and its various festivals and common customs across the geographies. There is as much in common as there is diversity.

Hindi and English have also become a common acceptable languages across the various states (Albeit reluctantly as far as Hindi is concerned).

印度教的影响以及在不同地区的各种节日和共同习俗，也有共同的历史(少说有成千上万年)。其中有很多共同点，也富有多样性。

印地语和英语也已成为各邦普遍接受的语言(虽然就印地语而言，有点难以接受)。

Post world war 2 when the British were weak and retreated from their colonies including Indian sub continent, the newly formed India followed a policy of Integrating various independent kingdoms into the union of India by diplomacy and sometimes force. This worked because most kingdoms were in a bad state themselves due to the British policies in the last 100 years and sticking together was a better option then being independent, for their own survival.

第二次世界大战后，英国人实力变弱，在他们从包括印度次大陆在内的殖民地撤退后，新成立的印度实行的政策是通过外交手段或武力将各个独立的王国并入印度联邦。这之所以行得通，是因为在过去的100年里，由于英国的政策，大多数王国本身都处于一个糟糕的状态，为了生存，团结在一起比孤军奋战更好。

After the integration was complete, the political and administrative setup helped make sure that no provinces or states could realistically even consider about breaking from India.

Further, tough neighbors on all sides made the people come together even more especially after the wars with and Pakistan.

完成合并后，政治和行政机构的设立有助于确保没有任何一个省或邦妄想脱离印度。

此外，强邻环伺让人民更加团结，特别是在与和巴基斯坦的战争之后。

Anonymous

Due to efforts of Mr.Sardhar Vallabhai patel,India was unified also British played a major role Giving INDIANS a common language English to speak to each other (since Punjabi is difficult for Bengalis and vice versa,Tamil is difficult for Hindi speaker and vice versa).And VOILA we are still unified with many languages and cultures!

匿名网友

在萨达尔的努力下，印度实现了统一。英国人也起了重要作用，给印度人提供一种共同的语言-英语来互相交流(旁遮普语对孟加拉人来说很难，反之亦然，泰米尔语对印地人来说一样难)。瞧，尽管语言和文化丰富多样，我们依然团结统一在一起!

来源：

外文：https://www.quora.com/How-did-India-become-a-unified-country