研究称：印度不再是贫困人口最多的国家

India no longer home to the largest number of poor: Study

研究称：印度不再是贫困人口最多的国家

NEW DELHI: In the time that it takes you to read this article, several Indians will have escaped the clutches of extreme poverty. In fact, about 44 Indians come out of extreme poverty every minute, one of the fastest rates of poverty reduction in the world. As a result, India has finally shed the dubious distinction of being home to the largest number of poor, with Nigeria taking that unwanted position in May 2018.

新德里：在你阅读这篇文章的时候，有一些印度人已经摆脱了极度贫困的困境。事实上，每分钟大约有44个印度人摆脱极度贫困，印度是世界上减贫速度最快的国家之一。因此，印度终于摆脱了贫困人口第一大国的名头，尼日利亚在2018年5月取代印度冠上了这个不受欢迎的称号。

If present trends continue, India could drop to No. 3 later this year, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo taking the number 2 spot. Defining extreme poverty as living on less than $1.9 a day, a recent study published in a Brookings blog says that by 2022, less than 3% of Indians will be poor and extreme poverty could be eliminated altogether by 2030.

如果现在的趋势得以延续，今年晚些时候印度可能将跌至第三位，而刚果民*共和国将位居第二。布鲁金斯研究院的博客最近公布了一项研究，将极端贫困定义为每天生活费不足1.9美元。该研究称，到2022年，仅有不到3%的印度人处于贫困状态，到2030年，极端贫困状况可能会完全消除。

The study, published in the ‘Future Development’ blog of Brookings, says, “At the end of May 2018, our trajectories suggest that Nigeria had about 87 million people in extreme poverty, compared with India’s 73 million. What is more, extreme poverty in Nigeria is growing by six people every minute, while poverty in India continues to fall.”

发表在布鲁金斯研究院的“未来发展”博客上的研究称，截至2018年5月底，尼日利亚有8700万人口处于极端贫困中，相比之下，印度有7300万极端贫困人口。此外，尼日利亚的极端贫困人口每分钟增加6人，而印度的贫困人口数量持续降低。”

However, the estimates of extreme poverty reduction may not match with Indian numbers because of differences in how poverty is measured. According to the World Bank, between 2004 and 2011 poverty declined in India from 38.9% of the population to 21.2% (2011 purchasing power parity at $1.9 per person per day).

然而，由于极端贫困的衡量方式不同，极端贫困减少的估算可能与印度的情况不太相符。根据世界银行的数据，2004年至2011年，印度的贫困人口比例从38.9%降至21.2%(2011年的购买力为每人每天1.9美元)。

Economists said the finding of the study supports the argument that rapid economic growth had helped make a dent in extreme poverty. “Basically it supports the growth story and the 1991 economic reforms that have helped reduce poverty,” said N R Bhanumurthy, professor at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. “Going ahead, the challenge is to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, which will help realise the study’s findings that India would be able to eliminate extreme poverty by 2030,” he said.

经济学家表示，这项研究的结果支持了一种观点，即快速的经济增长有助于减轻极端贫困。国家公共财政与政策研究所教授N.R.巴哈努摩西说：“基本上证明了经济的增长和1991年帮助减少贫困的经济改革的成果。未来的挑战是如何实现可持续发展目标，这将有助于证实这项研究的结论，即印度将在2030年前消除极端贫困。”

Bhanumurthy said the assumption that India would be able to eliminate extreme poverty by 2030 seems realistic given the country’s record in the past 10 years in reducing poverty and its ability to meet the Millennium Development Goals. “But to achieve that we must continue to grow at 7%-8% for the remaining period,” he said. The UN-sponsored Sustainable Development Goals aim to eliminate global poverty by 2030.

巴哈努摩西说，考虑到印度过去10年在减贫方面的成果以及它实现千禧年发展目标的能力，印度在2030年前能够消除极端贫困的设想似乎是可以实现的。他说:“但要实现这一目标，我们必须在剩下的时间里继续保持7%-8%的增长速度。”联合国发起的可持续发展目标旨在到2030年消除全球贫困。

The benchmark projections of poverty by country imply a high speed of poverty reduction in South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, fuelled by the high rates of income per capita growth in India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Pakistan, the study says. It showed global income increases in the last decades have led to systematic decreases in poverty rates worldwide, with the experience in India and having played the most important role when it comes to the overall number of persons esca absolute poverty.

该研究称，各国对贫困的基准预测意味着，在印度、印尼、孟加拉国、菲律宾、和巴基斯坦的人均收入增长率的较高推动下，南亚、东亚和太平洋地区的贫困人口将迅速减少。报告显示，过去几十年全球收入的增长导致全球贫困率下降，印度和在摆脱绝对贫困人数方面发挥了最重要的作用。

At the heart of the study is the World Poverty Clock. It takes into account household surveys and projections of economic growth from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook. These form the basic building blocks for poverty trajectories computed for 188 countries. The study said that Africa accounts for about two-thirds of the world’s extreme poor.

这项研究的核心是世界贫困时钟。它参考了来自国际货币基金组织《世界经济展望》的家庭调查和经济增长预测。这些构成了为188个国家计算贫困轨迹的基本组成部分。该研究称，非洲约占全球极端贫困人口的三分之二。

If current trends persist, they will account for nine-tenths by 2030. Fourteen out of 18 countries in the world where the number of extreme poor is rising are in Africa, it added. The study model estimated that on September 1, 2017, 647 million people lived in extreme poverty. “Every minute 70 people escape poverty (or 1.2 people per second). This is close to the Sustainable Development Goal target (92 people per minute, or 1.5 per second) and allows us to estimate that around 36 million people have escaped extreme poverty in the year 2016,” it added.

如果按照目前的趋势持续下去，到2030年，这一比例将达到90%。报告还说，世界上18个极端贫困人口不断增加的国家中，有14个在非洲。该研究模型2017年9月1日估算，有6.47亿人生活在极端贫困中。“每分钟有70人摆脱贫困(或1.2人/秒)。这接近可持续发展目标(每分钟92人，或每秒钟1.5人)，这让我们有理由预测，2016年大约有3600万人摆脱了极度贫困的困境。”

印度时报读者的评论：

原创翻译: 三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/45402.html 译者: Joyceliu

外文：https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-no-longer-home-to-the-largest-no-of-poor-study/articleshow/64754988.cms

DharmamSatyamNyayam

6376

DharmamSatyamNyayam-9 hours ago

BJP will be in Govt past 2030 and India will be progressing. Miss rule and corruption of nehru - ghandu family will be a distant past.

人民党会执政到2030年以后，印度会取得极大进步。忽略尼赫鲁-甘地家族的统治和贪污腐败吧，他们会成为遥远的历史。

Lootmar E Khangress

11889

Lootmar e khangress-Truth Prevails-9 hours ago-Follow

We hope pakistan was not our neighbour and congress was not our ruler in past.

我们希望巴基斯坦不是我们的邻国，国大党未曾担任过我们的执政党。

Shashank Bhide

6295

shashank bhide-Boston-9 hours ago-Follow

Strict population control is required, there''s a limit how many mouths mother earth can feed. did that without thinking about religion, cast etc, it''s for nation''s benefit. We need to stop breeding uncontrolled. Leave that for our stinking neighbor Pisssistan.

必须采取严格的人口控制措施，地球母亲能供养的人口终究有限。就这样做了，他们不管宗教、种姓等等，纯粹为了国家利益。我们需要终结人口失控问题。把这个问题留给我们讨厌的邻国巴基斯坦吧。

Logical Indian

6367

Logical Indian-9 hours ago-Follow

70 years of Congress rule has given nothing but: Poverty, Corruption, Caste Politics and minority appeasement! Modi is fixng all this but he needs time and support of all Indians irrespecrive of caste or relgion! If you are a true Indian make sure Modi wins 2019 and thereafter as well!! Jai Hind!

国大党统治的70年间，除了贫困、贪污、种姓政治和少数族群绥靖主义之外，什么都没留下。莫迪修正了这些问题，但是他需要更过时间和不论种姓和宗教的所有印度人的支持！如果你是真的印度人，请让莫迪2019年赢得大选，让他在以后成功连任。印度必胜。

Pramod Gour

181

Pramod-6 hours ago-Follow

What UPA could not do in 70 years. NDA has done in 4 years. God bless this corrupt free government

团结进步联盟过去70年内没做到的事，全国民*联盟在4年内都做到了。神保佑这个零贪污的政府。

Ash

2646

Ash-9 hours ago-Follow

forced two child policy required...Govt should also think of uniform civil code too...ghar ghar modi ...har har modi...

强制的两孩政策必须推行。政府也应该考虑统一民事法典。

Sanjay Singh

627

Sanjay Singh-8 hours ago-Follow

my guru says lord Krishna put naren modi to change India India will grow extremely under modi

我的上师说，克利须那神派莫迪来改变印度，印度在莫迪的领导下会取得长足发展。