Why didn't Genghis Khan invade India?

为什么成吉思汗不入侵印度？

quora评论翻译：

原创翻译：三泰虎 译者：Joyceliu

外文：https://www.quora.com/Why-didnt-Genghis-Khan-invade-India

Ahmad Shah Durrani

Genghiz Khan and his armies did invade South Asia few times and conquered Lahore and marched close to Delhi but were defeated due to the valor and military strategy of Sultan Alauddin Khalji. The Mongol Empire launched several invasions into the South Asia from 1221 to 1327, with many of the later raids made by the unruly Qaraunas of Mongol origin. The Mongols occupied parts of modern Pakistan and other parts of Punjab for decades. As the Mongols progressed into the Indian hinterland and reached the outskirts of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate led a campaign against them in which the Mongol army suffered serious defeats.

成吉思汗和他的军队确实入侵过南亚数次，占领了拉合尔，并逼近德里附近，但由于苏丹阿勒丁·哈尔吉的英勇和军事谋略而被击败。蒙古帝国在1221年至1327年对南亚发动了数次侵略，后来的多次袭击都是由蒙古血统的桀骜不驯的夸劳纳斯发动的。蒙古人占领了现代巴基斯坦的部分地区和旁遮普省的其他地区长达数十年。蒙古人侵入印度腹地，到达德里郊区，德里苏丹领导了一场反对蒙古人的运动，蒙古军队在这场运动中遭受了惨痛的失败。

Akhtar Uzzaman

Genghis Khan was not interest about India. Geographical and weather condition was not suitable for his warriors. Refusal of Iltutmish also encouraged him to take the decision to leave India.
Iltutmish did not have power to face Genghis Khan this is why he did not give shelter to Kawarizium prince.
After death of Genghis khan Mongol army massacre Bagdad in 1258 leaded by his grandson Halagu Khan

成吉思汗对印度不感兴趣。这里的地理和天气条件不适合他的勇士。伊尔图米什的拒绝也使他做出放弃印度的决定。

伊尔图米什没有能力抗衡成吉思汗，这就是为什么他没有给卡瓦里兹姆王子提供庇护。

成吉思汗死后，蒙古军队于1258年在成吉思汗的孙子哈拉古汗领导下，血洗了巴格达

Sneha Prakash, studied at National Institute of Technology Durgapur

They tried but din't succeeded!

他们试过了，但没有成功!

Anbu Venkat, toy-tiger

Crossing the Himalayas with just horses, i guess not possible.

我想，只靠骑马穿越喜马拉雅山，这是不可能的。

Dinesh Thangaraj, SDE-2 at Amazon (2018-present)

Simple - he would have been afraid to cross himalayas and face the death in the hands of brave people south of himalayas

很简单——他应该会害怕穿越喜马拉雅山脉后，会被喜马拉雅山南部勇敢的人们杀死

Hardik Rathore, Game Developer

Genghis khan was a non-muslim emperor who vowed to demolish all those who take humans as slave and for that he came fighting toward bagdadh not just for the sake of expansion .. letter mongols converted to muslims and mixed with Turks and wrote lots of false thing about genghis khan .

成吉思汗是一个非msl教的皇帝，他发誓要摧毁所有把人类当作奴隶的人，因此他不仅是为了扩张而攻打巴格达的。后来蒙古人皈依了msl，和土耳其人混在一起，杜撰了很多关于成吉思汗的虚假事迹。

Pranith Maddirala

The Himalayas.

因为喜马拉雅山脉。

Pravinchandra G Dhameliya, Project Manager (2015-present)

In fact they got too much in between and got distracted..They found too much wealth and later become kings there..they found Afghanistan and Europe route and looted that places as well...

事实上，他们之间纠葛太深，心烦意乱。他们发现太富有了，后来就成了那里的国王。他们找到了通往阿富汗和欧洲的路线，并洗劫了那些地方……

Irfan Ghani

It is always difficult to come on top of any country if people of the country is united and no politics was played against them. When AKBER was the ruler we had the longest border around the corner of the country why ?

如果一个国家的人民团结一致，没有任何不利额政治因素，那么想要掌控这个国家是很难的。当阿克巴大帝统治时期，我们的边境线达到巅峰，为什么?

Siddhu Yeturi, studied at Srigayatri Academy (2011)

Because of the Himalayas. They act as a natural border to India

因为喜马拉雅山。它们是印度的天然国界

Patrick Owen, Tobacco & Tea Philosopher

He didn't live long enough.

他活得不够长。

Temugun TurAmgalan

Genghis khan thought about invading india but his army was exhausted from long war and he needed to stop the rebellion of tangut’s. But when he was going home he raided

成吉思汗想要入侵印度，但他的军队因为长期的战争而疲惫不堪，他需要平定xz的叛乱。但当他打道回府时，他发动了突袭

Satish Kumar, Engineer, Brake Horse power junkie!

lets see,
1)Tibian cold desert, the only place where you can die from both frostbite and heat stroke
2)Annapurna Range
3)A giant Brahmaputra river blocking the north east.
4)Persia was one of the most richest civilizations at the time, owing to the fertile lands in the Tigris and Euphrates basin.
Hence the cost of getting to India was not at all worth the returns that could be extracted from it.

让我们看看,

1)xz是寒漠之地，是唯一一个会因冻伤和中暑而亡的地方

2)安纳布尔纳峰山脉

3)巨大的雅鲁藏布江封锁了东北部。

4)由于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河流域的肥沃土地，波斯是当时最富饶的文明之一。

因此，攻打印度，得不偿失。

Abhishek Rajput, B.A history from Shivaji University, Kolhapur (2018)

He tried to invade India.his commanders actually entered in India but at that time ruler of Delhi Sultanat Jalaluddin Khilliji stopped the invasion.thus a series of battles were fought where Khilliji gain decisive victory over Mongols .

他试图入侵过印度。他的指挥官们实际上也进入了印度，但是当时德里的统治者贾拉勒丁克希里基阻止了入侵。在克希里基对蒙古人取得决定性胜利的地方，发生过一系列战役。

Karthikeyan Viswanathan, Senior Section Engineer at Southern Railway Zone, India (2015-present)

Crossing The Great wall would have been easier since.... how much so ever magnificient it is... it is still man made...
But for India we are talking about the natural barrier... The Great Himalayas...
SO he would have thought one great wall is enough for me....

穿越长城都会更容易因为....不管它有多伟大……它还是人造的……

但对于印度来说，我们这里说的是自然屏障……印度有伟大的喜马拉雅山脉……

所以他也许会想，一个长城就足够了....

Yugantar Singh Chauhan, works at Bachpan Bachao Andolan

Well this not the only reson. Iltimush was aware of Genghis Khan power and had established a team 40 powerful turkish minister's. Also Genghis Khan knew that fighting against Indians even if he would win there will be a huge loss of his army.

这不是唯一的原因。伊尔蒂穆什知晓成吉思汗的实力，成立了一支由40名强大的土耳其部长组成的团队。成吉思汗也知道，与印度人作战，即使他能获胜，他的军队也会损失惨重。

Pulkit Dahiya, works at Students

According to ur points, it was a child's play for Khan to destroy India, but wait we are not so weak and timid to be killed like sheeps. He had to face gujjars in North himalayas, jats in North India, bhils in rajasthan.

根据你的观点，对成吉思汗来说，摧毁印度就像小孩子过家家一般，但是等等，我们也没有软弱和胆小到像绵羊一样乖乖受死。他不得不面对北喜玛拉雅山脉的古加尔人，北印度的贾特人，拉贾斯坦邦的比尔人。

Ameya Rao, Political & Defense Analyst

The Mongol Kingdom did try to invade India, but their invasion attempt was successfully fended off by the then ruler of North India - the Delhi Sultanate. But not sure whether Genghis Khan was at the helm when the invasion was attempted

蒙古王国确实试图入侵印度，但他们的入侵企图被当时的北印度统治者德里苏丹政府成功地击退。但我不确定当时入侵时是否是成吉思汗掌权。

Saravana Kumar, to be deciphered...

In those days, there were lot of superstitions. Chengiz Khan sent an ambassador to Iltutmish regarding Jalal. Through that ambassador, Khan informed Iltutmish that when Khan burnt sheep skin to find omens whether to invade India, He received bad omens and hence not willing to invade India... Thanks to the smoke from sheep skin, India escaped from A massacre

那时候，有很多迷信。成吉思汗派遣大使前往伊尔图米什，了解贾拉尔的情况。成吉思汗通过那位大使告诉伊尔图米什，当可汗烧羊皮来问询要不要入侵印度的预兆时，得到的是不详的兆头，因此他不愿入侵印度……多亏了羊皮上的烟，让印度逃过了一场大屠杀

Anil Singh, Analyst

Temuin popularly known as Chengiz Khan, the leader of the Mongols, started invading Central Asia. He defeated Jalaluddin Mangabarni, the ruler of Kwarizam. Mangabarni crossed the river Indus and sought asylum from Iltutmish. Iltutmish refused to give him shelter in order to save his empire from the onslaught of the Mongols. Fortunately for Iltutmish, Chengiz Khan retuned home without entering into India. In fact, the Mongol policy of Iltutmish saved India from the wrath of Chengiz Khan.

蒙古人的领袖成吉思汗，被人们称为铁木真，他开始主导了入侵中亚。他打败了贾拉鲁丁·曼加巴尼，夸拉赞姆的统治者。曼加巴尼穿过印度河，向伊尔图米什寻求庇护。伊尔图米什拒绝给他庇护，以保全他的帝国免受蒙古人的进攻。对伊尔图米什来说幸运的是，成吉思汗没有入侵印度就打道回府了。事实上，蒙古的伊尔图米什政策将印度从成吉思汗的狂怒中拯救了出来。

Saurabh Dubey, studied Biotechnology at Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences

The main weapons of the Mongol army at the time were their horses and the composite bow. Their horses were smaller than the European counterparts but had more stamina and could easily forage on their own. Their bows were made to be carried on horseback and we're highly powerful and accurate.

But they are used to a very cold climate of the sort not usually found in India. They found that their composite bows fell apart in the hot and humid climate. Also their horses need open spaces to graze and also their war tactics are best when used on an open plain. We are talking about 200,000 or more horses here. A good part of India is terrain unsuited for cavalry like forests or mountainous region. Again though they would have been unsuited to the climate and susceptible to diseases for which they'd have no real immunity against.

That said the Mughals their descendants did in fact conquer a good portion of India.

当时蒙古军队的主要武器是马和复合弓。他们的马比欧洲的马小，但是耐力更足并且可以很容易地自己觅食。他们的弓可以在马背上使用的，我们实力更强，准确度跟高。

但他们已经习惯了在印度很罕见的极寒气候。他们发现他们的复合弓在炎热和潮湿的气候下会破裂。他们的马也需要开阔的空间来放牧，而且他们的作战策略在开阔的平原上是最适合的。我们这里说的是20万以上的马匹。印度的大部分地区都不适合骑兵，如森林或山区。尽管他们可能不适应气候，易患疾病，他们对此没有真正的免疫力。但据说他们的后代确实征服了印度的大部分地区。

Larry Penland, former TV Photojournalist at Catamount Broadcasting - NBC & CBS Affiliate (2000-2013)

Cross post of answer I wrote to a very similar question.

In point of fact Genghis sent a tuman in pursuit of Muhammad Shah’s son Jelal-al-Din after he escaped by riding his horse off a cliff into the Indus River. Some of the answers here claim that the mountainous terrain would have prevented the Mongols from reaching India. Well, since Genghis had just taken Afghanistan from the Khwarismian Muhammad Shah and drove his son into the Indus, this claim is patently wrong. As was his habit in preventing the re-appearance of an old foe he would pursue and eliminate former enemies. He sent an armed cavalry force down the Kyber Pass into India to catch Jelal-al-Din. They did not succeed. They found the diseases, heat and humidity, badly affected the troops and horses who were equipped (heavy warm clothing and very shaggy coats) and acclimated to dry, thin, and cold air. They decided it was not a good day for revenge and reconnaissance in force, so they withdrew. Genghis never tried again. But a descendent, Baybar The Tiger, did and helped found the Moghul principalities in India.

我之前回答过一个非常相似的问题。

事实上，成吉思汗派了一名图曼去追捕穆罕默德·沙阿的儿子杰拉尔-阿尔-丁，当时他骑马从悬崖上掉进了印度河。这里的一些答案声称山脉地形会阻止蒙古人进入印度。鉴于成吉思汗刚刚从哈瓦里米人穆罕默德·沙阿手中夺取了阿富汗，并把他的儿子赶进了印度河，这种说法显然是错误的。他的习惯是要把老对手赶尽杀绝。他派出一支武装骑兵部队沿着基伯尔隘口进入印度，去追赶杰尔勒-阿尔丁。他们没有成功。他们发现疾病，炎热和潮湿，严重影响了军队和马匹，他们装备了厚重的保暖衣物和非常蓬松的外套，他们适应了干燥、稀薄和寒冷的空气。他们认为这不是进行大规模报复和侦察的好时机，所以他们撤退了。成吉思汗在日后也从未再次尝试。但是成吉思汗的一个后代老虎巴伯做到了，并帮助在印度建立了莫卧儿王朝。

Jonathan Keiler, Army veteran

As Saurabh Dubley notes the Mongol horse cavalry thrived best in relatively dry climates, and flat lands.

Climate wise, it was not so much that India was hot, but during monsoons wet and humid, which as Mr. Dubley says was not good for their bows. Held together with animal tendons and glue, they came apart in wet, humid climates. The Mongols by no accident came to halts around present day Vietnam and Germany for similar reasons. Heat in and of itself was not such a problem for the Mongols, they conquered Persia, Mesopotamia and , places that can get pretty warm.

The other issue was the Himalaya mountains, which act as a barrier of sorts between central Asia and India. It’s not that the Mongols could not have managed them had they wanted to, but there were easier pickings to the west and east, the so they didn’t go that far south.

Had the Mongols stayed unified after the death of Genghis Khan and been able to consolidate their gains, rather than squabbling over them, they might have eventually turned towards India, but as it happened, they just never got around to it.

正如所罗伯杜博磊指出的那样，蒙古骑兵在相对干燥的气候和平坦的土地上最为兴旺。

就气候而言，印度并不是很热，但在潮湿的季风季，正如杜布利所说，对他们的弓箭非常不利。这些弓箭是把动物的肌腱和胶水结合在一起的，在潮湿潮湿的气候中很容易裂开。因为类似的原因，蒙古人在今天的维也纳和德国就停了下来。对于蒙古人来说，炎热本身并不是问题，他们征服了波斯、美索不达米亚和，这些地方也很温暖。

另一个问题是喜马拉雅山脉，它是中亚和印度之间的屏障。这并不是说蒙古人不能随心所欲地征服他们，而是说西部和东部更容易被占领，所以他们就没有去那么远的南部。

如果蒙古在成吉思汗死后保持统一，并且能够巩固他们的战利品，而不是继续争吵，他们也许最终会转向印度。

Ritik Soreto, lives in Bangalore Urban (1995-present)

The turko Mongol warlord Chenghis did invade and pillage India but not the whole of it only the Indus valley and the mountains north of it, the Hindu Kush. Why'd they did not progress further into India is maybe because of geography and climatology as others have mentioned, for the same reasons the did not go into Arabia or Egypt.. They were not accustomed to the hot tropical savanna climate and geography of India. Most places they conquer were cool stepps or semi arid grasslands (there are cold deserts too if you didn't know) that they were accustomed to. Russiais a very cold place, and even the southern parts of are much cooler than North India because there are no mountains to bar cold winds from blowing to the south, in India the Himalayas form a barriers against frigid Siberian winds.

It would be inaccurate to say the Mongols never conquered all of India. Later in 16 the century the islamised descendants of Turkic Mongol warlords in central Asia, the Moguls Tamerlane and Babur would conquer and establish the Moghul/ mughal empire which spanned almost all of India except parts of southern India.

蒙古突厥军阀成吉思汗确实入侵和掠夺了印度，但不是整个印度，只入侵了印度河流域和北部的兴都库什山脉。为什么他们没有进一步进入印度呢？也许是因为地理和气候，正如其他人提到的那样，他们因为同样的原因也没有侵入阿拉伯或埃及。他们不习惯印度炎热的热带草原气候和地理条件。他们征服的大多数地方都是凉爽之地或半干旱的草原(也被称为冻原)，他们已经习惯了这种环境。俄罗斯是一个非常寒冷的地方，即使是的南部地区也比印度北部的要凉爽得多，因为那里没有高山可以阻止寒风吹向南方，印度的喜马拉雅山脉形成了抵御寒冷的西伯利亚风的天然屏障。

说蒙古人从未征服过整个印度是不准确的。16世纪后期，中亚的突厥蒙古军阀的ysl后裔，莫古斯·塔莫里和巴贝将征服并建立莫古尔/莫哈勒帝国，这个帝国几乎横跨了除印度南部部分地区之外的印度全境。

Avinash Ankamreddi

According to me India is very deep rooted in all sectors. Observe the history who wanted to ti conquer India they could not escape from this country . After Genghis Khan , his grand attacked India to the northern part ,, why he did not go to south ? THE MONGOLS ESTABLISHED A GREAT EMPIRE IN CHINA AND PERSIA? Why did not in India?

And the Mongols got defeat in Egypt. And by Allaudin kilji . Kilji killed all his uncle jalaludin kilji who married his daughter to kublitz Khan (the descendent of Genghis and occupied ) and all the Mongol officials in his court.

The Mongols could not take revenge at that time ,why?

India had so many kingdoms and empires ..with a single raid or a normal attack they could not occupy . So much struggle should be done for centuries as THE BRITISHERS

在我看来，印度在各个领域都根深蒂固。纵观入侵印度的历史，他们都无法从这个国家生还。成吉思汗之后，他的大军袭击了印度北部，为什么他没有去南方?蒙古人在和波斯建立了一个大帝国?为什么不在印度建立帝国呢?

蒙古人在埃及吃了败仗。这多亏了阿拉丁基尔基。基尔基杀死了他的叔叔贾拉鲁丁基尔基，他的女儿嫁给了忽必烈(成吉思汗的后代，占领了)和朝廷里的蒙古官员。

蒙古人当时无法复仇，为什么?

印度有许多王国和帝国。仅靠一次突袭或一次普通的攻击，他们是无法占领印度。