India is rolling out a healthcare plan for half a billion people. But are there enough doctors?

印度正在为5亿人推出一项医疗保健计划，但是有足够的医生吗？

NEW DELHI - India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to roll out the first phases of a new health care program on Wednesday that could bring affordable health care to a staggering 100 million families.

新德里：印度总理莫迪将于周三启动新医疗保健计划的第一阶段，该计划将为1亿个家庭带来负担得起的医疗服务。

First announced in February, the National Health Protection Mission will give poor families health coverage of up to $7,100 every year - which could go a long way in reducing crippling health care costs for half a billion people. At the time, Indian Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said this was going to be the "world's biggest government-funded health care program."

该“国家医疗健康计划”于今年2月首次宣布，每年将为贫困家庭提供高达7100美元的医疗保险，这将大大降低5亿人的医疗费用。当时，印度财政部长阿伦·贾特里(Arun Jaitley)称，这将是“全球最大的政府资助医疗保健项目”。

It's an ambitious plan that could have vast appeal among voters, but one that also faces major challenges. Experts say that even if the government can provide insurance to so many people, India lacks the health care infrastructure to provide even the most basic services for its population.

这是一个雄心勃勃的计划，对选民具有巨大的吸引力，但同时也面临着重大挑战。专家表示，即使政府能够为这么多人提供保险，印度也缺乏医疗基础设施，甚至无法为其人口提供最基本的医疗服务。

Health care in the world's most populous de ocracy is characterized by a yawning gap between the services available in urban and rural parts of the country and between rich and poor. State-funded hospitals face huge shortages of beds and staff, and because of the scarcity of medical facilities in villages, many have to travel for hours to cities for care.

在这个世界上人口最多的民*国家，其医疗系统的一大特点是，在医疗服务上，城市和农村、富人和穷人之间存在着巨大的差距。公立医院面临床位和工作人员的严重短缺，而且由于农村医疗设施稀缺，许多人不得不花费数小时前往城市就医。

Medical costs are the number one reason people plunge below the poverty line, and millions of families fall into debt to pay for care.

医疗费用是人们陷入贫困线以下的首要原因，数百万家庭为了支付医疗费用而陷入债务。

Modi's plan could change all that, the government says. "This is going to be a game changer," said Indu Bhushan, chief executive officer of the program.

政府表示，莫迪的计划可能会改变这一局面。该项目首席执行官Indu Bhushan称:“这将成为一项重大变革。”

India has seen a huge economic leap over the past three decades, but lags behind in social welfare and in quality of life indicators.

在过去30年里，印度经历了巨大的经济飞跃，但在社会福利和生活质量方面却很落后。

A health care program of this scale - covering around 40 percent of India's population - could clinch Modi's reputation as a leader who can deliver vast social change ahead of general elections next year.

在明年大选前，这项覆盖印度40%人口的大规模医疗保健计划，可能会使莫迪成为能够带来巨大社会变革的领导人。

India spends just 1.4 percent of its gross domestic product on health care compared with 's 3.1 percent and the United States' 8.3 percent, according to the World Bank.

世界银行的数据显示，印度的医疗支出仅占国内生产总值的1.4%，而和美国的比例分别为3.1%和8.3%。

The cost of health care services has a knock-on economic cost - according to a 2010 study, 63 million people fall below the poverty line every year because of health care costs, and over 70 percent of medical bills are paid out-of-pocket by patients.

医疗服务的成本带来了间接的经济成本。根据2010年的一项研究，每年有6300万人因为医疗费用而生活在贫困线以下，70%以上的医疗费用是由病人自费支付的。

Even with the new public health care plan, however, India simply does not have the doctors and hospitals to serve so many hundreds of millions.

然而，即使有了新的公共医疗保健计划，印度也没有足够的医生和医院来为数亿人提供医疗服务。

There is one doctor for every 1,315 people - most of whom work in private hospitals and live in cities, which means millions of Indians turn to quacks or traditional medicine when they fall ill.

在印度，平均每1315人有一名医生，而且其中大多数医生都住在市区，为私立医院工作，这意味着数百万印度人在生病时会求助于江湖郎中或传统医药。

With this expansion of affordable health care, demand for services is likely to explode. Bhusan said that there will be 5 million more procedures in the country, and the need for 35 million more hospital beds.

"In theory those beds exst, but in reality, those beds may not be there."

When asked how hospitals will cope, Bhushan said, "The market will do that."

随着负平价医疗保健的扩大，对医疗服务的需求可能会激增。Bhusan表示，“国家将再增加500万例手术、而且需要增加3500万张病床。理论上，本该具备这些床位的，但实际上可能并不具备。”当被问及医院将如何应对时，Bhushan说:“这个交给市场来做。”

Unlike the public sector, the country's private health care sector is booming.

The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, a business association, estimates that the market will grow 15 percent every year and rise threefold by 2022 to $133 billion. And while millions don't have access to decent care, the country markets itself as a hub for medical tourism.

与公共医疗不同，印度的私人医疗保健正在蓬勃发展。印度工商协会联合会预测，印度市场将以每年15%的速度增长，到2022年将增长3倍达到1330亿美元。尽管数以百万计的人无法享受到像样的医疗服务，但该国却将自己定位为医疗旅游的中心。

The shortages in the public sector mean that around 70 percent of Indians turn to private health care when they are unwell, Bhushan said. But private hospitals can charge as much as 10 times more than their public counterparts for the same procedures.

公共医疗短缺意味着大约70%的印度人在生病时会转向私人医疗保健。但是同样的手术，私立医院的收费是公立医院的10倍。

Bhushan said that 8,000 hospitals have already signed up to the government's plan and have agreed to accept set costs for procedures. The government is also ho that investors will recognize the booming demand for health care and build more hospitals in response.

8000家医院已经签署了政府的计划，并同意接受设定的手术费用。政府也希望投资者能意识到医疗保健需求的增长并建立更多的私立医院。

Critics however caution that relying private health care is inefficient and could see increased disparity between the services available to rich and poor.

然而，批评人士警告称，依赖私人医疗保健是低效的，可能会导致贫富服务之间的差距加大。

The private sector expects huge profits when investing in health care, said Ramanan Laxminarayan, director at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, and the government's budget constraints simply won't be able to match their expectations. "The private sector wants more money than the government wants to spend," he said.

美国疾病动态、经济和政策中心主任Ramanan Laxminarayan表示：“私营企业在投资医疗行业时，期望获得巨额利润，而政府预算限制根本无法达到他们的预期。他们想要赚的钱比政府的预算要多的多。”

美国雅虎读者评论：

来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/45838.html   译者：Jessica.Wu

外文：https://finance.yahoo.com/m/e568c872-ed23-3228-ae46-5f81e58c40eb/ss_india-is-rolling-out-a.html

John7 hours ago

Even other semi-industrialized nations are starting to provide health care for their citizens. When will we get on board with the trend?

就连这种半工业化国家也开始为本国公民提供医疗保健了，我们什么时候能赶上潮流?

Lolllll11 hours ago

India has enough qualified doctors to take care of country, In My city we have nearly 50 K doctors & 4000 Hospitals.

印度有足够多的合格医生为本国人民提供医疗服务，在我居住的城市，有近5万名医生和4000家医院。

preeti6 hours ago

Hats off to the government for doing such an ambitious plan. Hopefully they would be successful.

Training doctors in India is not as difficult since there is no AMA like lobby which wants to keep the salary artificially high for doctors. India has a very talented pool.

政府推出这样一个雄心勃勃的计划，向它致敬。希望他们能成功。

印度人才济济，培训医生并没有那么难，因为印度没有像美国医学协会那样的游说团体，希望人为地提高医生的工资。

Peter10 hours ago

Don't worry about this.. nothing will change.. all that will happen is that the politicians will siphon off all the funds into their own pockets.

别担心，不会发生任何改变的。政客们将把所有资金揣进自己的口袋。

Aguirre10 hours ago

politicians rolling out new welfare programs before elections to buy votes, its business as usual

一如往常，政客们在选举前推出新的福利计划来拉选票。

Anonymous10 hours ago

More importantly, how are they going to pay for it all?

更重要的一点是，他们将如何为这一切买单？

Abi12 hours ago

Oh no please don't do this. This is why US healthcare is a mess. This will only sky rocket cost and give sub standard service. And government after government will try to fix healthcare to no avail.

请不要这么做，美国医疗体系就是因为这样做才一团糟的。只会带来高昂的成本和低级的服务。一个个政府都试图改进医疗体系，但都徒劳无功。

luannesrackissmallerthanmine6 hours ago

India, Iran, Syria, Egypt, Israel, Canada, Europe, Jordan, Iraq.....the only country who CAN'T provide healthcare for their people is the USA because our lawmakers are bound and determined to make sure the RICH GET RICHER by profiteering off the backs and suffering of the American People.

印度，伊朗，叙利亚，埃及，以色列，加拿大，欧洲，约旦，伊拉克都为人民提供医疗保健，唯一做不到的国家是美国，因为我们的立法者有义务也有决心确保富人变得更加富有，而美国人民却要受苦受难。

Michael11 hours ago

medical is India is an experiment. if i needed medical care and I was in India I would leave and go somewhere else. And yes I have been to India and have first hand knowledge

在印度，医学是一项实验。如果我在印度需要医疗照顾，我会选择离开去别的地方。我去过印度，亲身经历过。

Pandu12 hours ago

stop giving free stuff to people , that's what is creating burden on country rather invest in creating more jobs / companies or setting up new cities.

停止向人们提供免费的东西，这会给国家带来负担，还不如投资创造更多的就业机会，投资更多的公司或建设新的城市。

WILLIAM5 hours ago

they'll be waiting in line, like I used to wait in Canada. Those lucky to survive we'll get a 5 minutes with a doctor working 12 hr shifts that could not care really if they live or not. Good luck India

他们将要排队等候，就像我以前在加拿大一样。幸运的话会有5分钟时间和一个12小时轮班的医生聊一会，他们根本不关心你的死活。祝你好运，印度！

steve8 hours ago

election ploy nothing else

没别的，就是选举策略

PLC6 hours ago

You want to see what kind of heath care they're going to get?

Watch this Youtube video: qoBYttpiqg8

OMG!

你想知道他们会得到什么样的医疗护理吗?

观看Youtube视频:qoBYttpiqg8

Anonymous3 hours ago

In India their colleges are Diploma Mills, you can Buy your medical degree or any degree

在印度，他们的大学是文凭工厂，你可以买到医学学位或任何学位

Rajiv8 hours ago

Don't take Modi seriously, this is all joke same as he did in past. He can just talk and walk.

别把莫迪的话当回事，这就是他开的玩笑，就和过去一样。

steve8 hours ago

will somebody tell Modi that Raj Narayan of janta party( a BJP coalition)in 1979 also rolled out a msassive helath care plan only to go nowhere is doing the same

有没有人告诉莫迪，1979年，人民党联盟的拉杰•纳拉扬(Raj Narayan)也推出了一项大规模的医保计划，结果却一无所获吗？