Almost every Indian now covered by one quota or another

现在几乎每个印度人都有某种配额

The new quota announced by the government on Monday will cover practically all of the population not already covered by reservations, reveals an analysis of the exclusion criteria spelt out for the quota. With this, therefore, almost all of India’s population will be entitled to one quota or the other.

政府周一宣布的新配额将覆盖几乎所有没有预留名额的人口，这样一来，几乎所有印度人都将有资格享受某种配额。

Here’s how that works out. The income criterion to be used is an annual household income of Rs 8 lakh. Data from the I-T department as well as reports from the NSSO show that at least 95% of Indian families will fall within this limit.

界定标准如下：

首先，收入标准为家庭年收入80万卢比以下。印度信息技术部的数据以及印度全国抽样调查组织（NSSO）的报告显示，至少95%的印度家庭将在这一范围内。

An annual household income of Rs 8 lakh would mean a per person income of a little over Rs 13,000 per month assuming a family of five. The top-most income slice for which the NSSO survey of 2011-12 (the latest) gives data is of over Rs 2,625 per person per month in rural areas and Rs 6,015 in urban areas, both well under this mark. Yet this top slice has a mere 5% of the households in it.

假设一个五口之家的年家庭收入为80万卢比，则意味着人均月收入略高于1.3万卢比。2011-12年度NSSO调查提供的数据显示，农村地区的最高收入阶层为每人每月2625卢比，城市地区为6015卢比，均远低于这一标准。然而，这一最高收入阶层只有5%的家庭。

Further, for 2016-17, just under 23 million individuals declared incomes of over Rs 4 lakh. Even assuming two such individuals in each family, that would mean about 1 crore families at best would be over the Rs 8 lakh cut-off. That translates to roughly 4% of Indians.

此外，在2016年至2017年期间，只有不到2300万人申报收入超过40万卢比。即使假设每个家庭只有两个人，这也意味着最多有1000万个家庭超过了80万卢比的上限，这大约相当于印度人口的4%。

Incidentally, government data released on Monday shows a per capita income of Rs 1.25 lakh. That translates to Rs 6.25 lakh for a family of five. Thus, a household that gets Rs 8 lakh a year would be significantly above the national average, certainly not poor.

印度政府周一公布的数据显示，印度人均收入为12.5万卢比，按照这个水平，一个五口之家的收入约为62.5万卢比。因此，家庭年收入80万卢比将远高于全国平均水平。

The land-holding criterion is just as liberal. The agricultural census for 2015-16 revealed that 86.2% of all land- holdings in India were under 2 hectares in size, or just under 5 acres. So, once again the bulk of the population qualifies for the new quota under this.

其次，土地持有标准同样宽松。2015年至2016年的农业普查显示，印度86.2%的土地持有面积不到2公顷，也就是不到5英亩。所以，大多数人符合新配额标准。

A third criterion is that the size of the house should not be over 1,000 sq.ft. The NSSO report on housing conditions in 2012 shows that even the richest 20% of the population had houses with an average floor area of 45.99 sq.m, which is almost exactly 500 sq.ft. That is barely half the ceiling being imposed. Here, too, at least 80%, and more likely well over 90%, would be eligible.

第三个标准是房屋面积不能超过1000平方英尺。国家统计局2012年住房状况报告显示，即使是最富有的20%的人口，其住房平均建筑面积为45.99平方公里。也就是500平方英尺，这还不到实上限的一半。在这方面，至少有80%，更有可能超过90%，是符合条件的。

What this means is that the new quota will be available to almost anybody not currently covered by the SC/ST or OBC reservations. SCs and STs constitute around 23% of the population while OBCs make up another 40-50% though no official data is available. That leaves about 27-37% currently not entitled to any quota. Considering that the big slice of all ‘open’ jobs or seats go to these sections anyway, and that the relatively better off among them are better placed to make use of opportunities, it is not clear just how much the new quota will change things on the ground.

这意味着新配额将适用于几乎所有目前不在SC/ST（表列种姓/表列部落）或OBC（其他落后阶层）预留名额覆盖范围内的人。SCs和STs约占总人口的23%，OBCs占40% -50%，但缺乏官方数据。目前约有27-37%的人没有资格获得任何配额。考虑到所有“空缺”职位或席位中的很大一部分都流向了这些阶层，而且这些阶层中相对富裕的人更善于利用机会，目前尚不清楚新配额将在多大程度上改变现状。

印度时报读者评论：

译文来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46840.html  译者：Jessica.Wu

Xyz - 1 day ago -Follow

Reservations should be given based on economic and social conditions only. Not on caste, community and religion.

Also reservations should be there only for Education and those with low intellectual skills should be given additional support in learning to compete with others.

Jobs must be given strictly on merit. You can't expect a poor intellectual to take up a surgeon's job with reservation and perform heart surgery. Also can't expect him or her to build a spaceship or make an

应该根据经济和社会条件预留名额，而不是种姓、社群和宗教。

此外，应该只在学校保留预留制，应该给那些智力水平较低的人提供额外支持。

在工作方面，必须严格按照业绩分配岗位。你不能指望一个有配额但是智力低下的人担任外科医生，去做心脏手术，也不能指望他或她去造宇宙飞船。

Indian Abroad - 1 day ago -Follow

Even caste based quota should be only for poor Dalits / SC / ST.

即使是基于种姓的配额也应该只适用于贫穷的达利特/表列种姓/表列部落。

d_kmar - 1 day ago -Follow

India is a nation of quotas.

印度是一个配额国家。

Sameer - Mumbai - 1 day ago -Follow

All Indians are stupid they don't know this reservation will take India no where in the future. Look at they don't have reservation, religion , cast or languages everyone is .

所有的印度人都很愚蠢，他们不知道预留制会让印度停滞不前。看看，他们没有预留制，没有宗教冲突，没有种姓，人人平等。

Sunder Swami - 1 day ago -Follow

Life is difficult for crore-patis like me. We are not represented in any quota. And yet we pay most taxes!

对于像我一样的千万富翁来说，生活很艰难，我们没有任何配额，然而我们纳的税最多!

Dilip - 1 day ago -Follow

No one any reason to oppose. Modi government gives now what the people of India want. Now don''t come out with criticism

没有理由反对啊，莫迪政府给了印度人民想要的，不要胡乱批评。

Prithvi - 1 day ago -Follow

When upper caste is getting quota, why there is so much drama.

we will take whatever is our RIGHT.

当高种姓获得配额时，为什么会有这么多人反对。只要是我们应得的，我们就有权利拿走。

Chase Mitchell - 1 day ago -Follow

So 90% population would be eligible for this 10% reservation , Why is this not headline news ?

90%的人口都有资格享受这10%的配额，为什么这没上头条呢?

What Is In - India - 1 day ago -Follow

India is full of chu@#&. Koyee banata hai, aur koyee banta hai. Even in next 1000 yrs we'll be where we are presently. Is there any developed countries in this world which has this type of stupid system of development by quota technology? Don't give education, don't give health care etc etc. Only give quota. It is nothing but wasting time and resources.

即使再过1000年，我们也还是现在这个样子。世界上有哪个发达国家搞这种愚蠢的配额制度吗?不提供教育，医保等等，只提供配额。这只不过是浪费时间和资源。

Anupam Pandey - 1 day ago -Follow

Make education 100% free till higher secondary level and remove all quota

应该提供免费教育，直到高中阶段，取消所有配额。

Rafi - 1 day ago -Follow

we have the right to voice against discrimination but no tools to fight against these evil system of vote bank politics. I come from a backward community but Iam still against any quota or reservation system. It hinders the competitive mindset of our generation ei

我们有权反对歧视，但没有办法反对这些选票制。虽然我来自一个落后的社群，但我反对任何配额或预留制，这种制度削弱了我们这一代人的竞争意识。

A Singh - 1 day ago -Follow

Abolish all reservations. It is only leading to misuse. I was never in my life covered by any reservation.

预留名额只会被滥用，应该取消预留制。我这一生就没享受过预留名额的好处

Hridoy - 1 day ago -Follow

Indian political system has ruined already corrupt minds of Indians.

印度的体制已经摧毁了印度人早已腐败的思想。

ps murthy - Ingeku - 1 day ago -Follow

very soon entire public sector will be filled only with reserved candidates and as a result the quality of work will suffer.

很快所有公共部门岗位的候选人都是靠配额进去的，这将导致工作质量受到影响。

Subbu India - Bengal - 1 day ago -Follow

After 70 years of independence if the people of the country could not develop themselves with their quotas then the quota system should be abolished.

独立70年了，如果预留制并没有让国家有所发展，那就该废除预留制。

vijay kumar - 1 day ago -Follow

two ways of banning reservation 1) Ensure there is no reservation at all - which will be difficult as people will protest. 2) Make sure every one is reserved - Which Modi is implementing smartly, when every one is reserved under one or the other way, no one will be benefited.

禁止预留制的两种方法1)确保没有任何预留名额——这很困难，人们会抗议。2)确保人人都有配额——莫迪巧妙地实施了这一点，当人人都有配额时，没有人能从中受益。

Venugopal Bukkala - 1 day ago -Follow

Hahaa..Officially, India is a country of reservations.

哈哈哈，印度正式成为一个配额国家了。

Indian - 1 day ago -Follow

I used to be the bhakt of Modi

but I am very much disappointed by this politics of reservation by Modi

now I have decided to vote for nota

我曾经是莫迪的支持者，曾经默默的宣传莫迪的政绩。但我对莫迪的预留政治感到非常失望，现在我决定不再投票给他。

Abhishek - 1 day ago -Follow

everyone except the honest salaried taxpayer declaring income honestly

除了工薪阶层纳税人以外，所有人都如实申报收入。

Ramesh Pathak - New Delhi - 1 day ago -Follow

I m not covered. neither do I want one!

我不在这个范围内，我也不想要这种配额!

Anti National - 1 day ago -Follow

Now we can proudly say.. 100% of india is backward

现在我们可以自豪地说，整个印度都是落后的。