Do you think India could send humans to Mars? Which country will send its first manned mission to Mars?

你认为印度能把人类送上火星吗?哪个国家将率先完成载人火星任务?

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Bhaskar Dutta, I am an Indian by birth and by heart

Sending man to Mars has its own complications that needs to be addressed. These include:

将人类送上火星有其自身的复杂性需要解决。这些包括：

The cost：

成本：

The largest limiting factor for sending humans to Mars is funding. The estimated cost of sending humans to Mars is roughly 500 billion U.S. dollars, though the actual costs are likely to be more. In the late 1950s, rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States stimulated a national priority to send humans to the Moon. Under the current global geopolitical climate, however, government funding of these programs has decreased.

将人类送往火星的最大限制因素是资金。据估计，将人类送上火星的成本约为5000亿美元，但实际成本可能更高。在20世纪50年代后期，苏联和美国之间的竞争刺激了把人类送上月球的脚步。然而，在当前的全球地缘政治气候下，政府对这些项目的资助已经减少。

Recent participation of private companies in space travel and participation by new nations such as India may present new opportunities.

最近私营企业参与太空旅行以及印度等新国家的参与可能带来新的机会。

India’s space agency ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) spent a mere $75 million to launch a small spacecraft bound for Mars, 140 million miles away. The Indian prime minister had previously joked the mission’s budget was lower than Gravity, the Sandra Bullock and George Clooney sci-fi film which was £13 million more expensive.

印度航天局ISRO(印度空间研究组织)仅花了7500万美元就发射了一艘小型宇宙飞船前往1.4亿英里外的火星。这位印度总理此前曾开玩笑说，这次飞行任务的预算比桑德拉•布洛克和乔治•克鲁尼主演的科幻电影《地心引力》还低，后者比前者多花了1300万英镑。

The general philosophy of India's ISRO is cost effectiveness. The Russians look for robustness and the Americans go after optimisation. The aim at ISRO was how to get to Mars on a budget. Hence, cost may not be a barrier for India to venture into a manned mission to Mars.

印度ISRO的总体理念是成本效益。俄罗斯人追求的是稳健，而美国人追求的是最优化。ISRO的目标是如何在预算之内到达火星。因此，成本可能不会成为印度冒险进行载人火星任务的障碍。

The Return:

返程：

A spacecraft would require enough thrust to push itself back and travel a large distance from Mars to Earth. This would require a lot of fuel and would be difficult to carry them in the same space craft. So, India will have to make multiple visits to Mars and store enough fuel there before planning for a manned mission.

宇宙飞船需要足够的推力才能把自己往后推，并从火星飞到地球。这需要大量的燃料，而且很难在同一艘宇宙飞船上携带。因此，印度在计划载人任务之前，将不得不多次前往火星，并在那里储存足够的燃料。

India successfully placed an un-crewed Mars Orbiter Mission (also called Mangalyaan) satellite in Mars orbit in 2014. ISRO plans a larger follow-up mission called Mangalyaan 2 by 2020. This mission will likely consist of a lander and a Mars rover. Hence sending multiple spacecrafts to Mars would not be an issue for India.

2014年，印度成功地在火星轨道上发射了一颗无人火星轨道飞行器(也称为“火星飞船”)。印度空间研究组织计划在2020年之前完成一个更大的后续任务——“火星飞船2号”。这次任务可能包括一个着陆器和一个火星探测器。因此，向火星发射多个航天器对印度来说不是问题。

Time investment:

时间投资:

Indian work culture has a schedule, that’s driven to the extreme. This, apart from preventing cost over-runs, it also minimizes the time spent for mission. The Mangalayan mission had taken just 15 months months from announcement to the liftoff.

印度的工作文化有一个时间表，它被推到了极致。这样，除了可以防止成本超支，还能将执行任务的时间最小化。从宣布发射到发射，只花了15个月。

Elsewhere in the world, even space scientists have a 35-hour workweek. For Indian scientists, 12-18 hour-days are common. During the launch period of Mangalayan, many of ISRO scientists were working 20 hour-days. Being time effective makes Indians more prone to being successful and timely completion of required development.

在其他国家，太空科学家每周工作35小时。对印度科学家来说，每天12到18小时是很常见的。在探测器发射期间，许多ISRO科学家每天工作20小时。有效利用时间使印度人更容易成功并及时完成所需的开发。

Academic Interest:

学术价值：

There are claims that a long-term investment in space travel is necessary for humanity's survival. The benefits of establishing a human presence on Mars would increase public/private interest to join the cause and spark a cooperation.

有人称太空旅行的长期投资对人类的生存是必要的。在火星上建立人类存在的好处将会激发公共/私人的兴趣来加入这一事业并促进合作。

In 2018, ISRO released an Announcement of Opportunity seeking proposals from the Indian science community for conducting experiments that could be carried out during the first two robotic flights of Gaganyaan. The scope of the experiments is not restricted, and other relevant ideas will be entertained.

2018年，印度空间研究组织发布了一份声明，向印度科学界寻求进行实验的机会，这些实验可以在加加扬的前两次机器人飞行中进行。实验范围不受限制，并将考虑其他相关的想法。

In December 2018, the government approved funds for a 7-days crewed flight of 3 vyomanauts (a term used for Indian astronauts/cosmonauts, where, vyoma means 'space' or 'sky' in Sanskrit) to take place in December, 2021. If completed on schedule, India will become world's fourth nation to conduct independent human spaceflight after the Soviet Union/Russia, United States and People's Republic of . After conducting crewed spaceflights, India also intends to continue with efforts with a space station program and possibly a manned lunar landing. The success of manned mission to Moon would increase the possibility of manned mission to Mars.

2018年12月，政府批准了3名vyomanauts(宇航员的印度语说法，vyoma在梵语中的意思是“太空”或“天空”)在2021年12月进行的为期7天的载人飞行。如果按计划完成，印度将成为继苏联/俄罗斯、美国和中华人民共和国之后，世界上第四个进行独立载人航天飞行的国家。在进行载人航天飞行后，印度还打算继续努力进行空间站计划，并可能进行载人登月。载人登月任务的成功将提高载人登陆火星的可能性。

However, no plans for an Indian human mission to Mars have been made public by Indian government.

然而，印度政府还没有公布印度人前往火星的计划。

译文来源：三泰虎  http://www.santaihu.com/49180.html 译者：Joyceliu

Rahul Buddala, Men are from MARS

Not just India, any country in this world with a developed space program cannot send man to Mars at this point of time. 

不只是印度，世界上任何一个有发达太空计划的国家现在都不能把人送上火星。

The Martian movie can be great to watch, but with current technology it takes 2.5 yrs to send a man to Mars with optimum usage of fuel, and nearly 8-9 months with a decent fuel burn. Austronanuts cannot stay in space for such long durations. It would effect their body physically. 

这个火星之旅也许会很好看，但以目前的技术，燃料如果得到最优的使用，把一个人送到火星需要2年半的时间。宇航员无法在太空中停留如此长的时间。这会影响他们的身体。

And on top of it, it's a boring 2.5 yrs. Just black space all around. The people on board will be bored to death.

最重要的是，这2年半的时间会很无聊。四周只有无边的黑色。船上的人会闷死的。

Neha, Enthusiast at Teradata

Will India send a person to the Mars? Yes

When will India send a person to the Mars? Within next 15 years

Will India be the first one to send a human to mars? No. Elon Musk will do it within next 10 years. Maybe he’ll select a few Indians to go to the Mars!

Has India sent a person to Mars? Maybe..at least, according to our mythology, we’ve sent people not not just mars, but other galaxes and Universes too!

印度会把人送上火星吗？

印度什么时候会把人送上火星？未来15年内。

印度会是第一个把人类送上火星的国家吗？不会。埃隆·马斯克将在未来10年内做到这一点。也许他会选择几个印度人去火星!

印度把人送上火星了吗?至少，根据我们的神话，我们不仅把人送去了火星，还把人送到了其他星系和宇宙！

Venkat Ramakrishnan

I read an article in Times of India that more than one hundred thousand Indians have applied to go to Mars through NASA. So, your dream comes true right away!

Not only that, many many many more Indians should go to Mars. And never come back! Because we have lots of Indians in the world ! :-P

我在《印度时报》上读到一篇文章，说有10多万印度人通过美国宇航局申请去火星。所以，你的梦想马上就要实现了!

不仅如此，还应该有更多的印度人去火星。永远不要回来！因为世界上有很多印度人！

Nihal Kumawat, studied Outer Space & Space at Alok Sansthan (2017)

Yes in near future. It is essential to take step like this for india to stand in worlds space conflict

是的，在不久的将来。印度有必要采取这样的步骤来介入世界太空冲突。

Aniket Ghadage

Yes. But need experience of 5 years in similar feild

是的。但需要5年类似行业工作经验。

Shreyansh Gupta, btech Space Exploration & Computer Programming, National Institute of Technology, Raipur (2022)

India is lined up with many upcoming projects like Aditya l1 mission to sun, chandrayaan 2 second mission to moon,mission to Venus and also isro is planning for mangalyaan 2. So most probably in mangalyaan 2 they will try to send a Rover to Mars but no official confirmation is there

印度有很多即将展开的项目，比如Aditya l1项目、chandrayaan 2项目、月球任务2项目、金星任务以及isro计划中的“火星飞船2号”。所以最有可能的情况是，在火星探测器2号上，他们会尝试向火星发射探测器，但还没有得到官方证实。

Sugandha K, Amateur Astronomer

Sending astronauts to Mars is far away right now.

First ISRO plans to send Indian in the space in the next 5–6 years. Then maybe to the moon in the next 10–15 years.

Meanwhile, NASA would most definitely have sent humans on Mars by that time. So maybe ISRO will follow up about 5–7 years after that.

Or, ISRO can form a partnership with NASA for the Mars mission.

现在把宇航员送到火星还很遥远。

印度空间研究组织计划在未来5-6年内将印度人送入太空。也许在未来的10到15年内就能登上月球。

与此同时，美国宇航局肯定会在那个时候把人类送上火星。所以ISRO可能会在5-7年后才能跟上。

或者，ISRO可以与美国国家航空和宇宙航行局合作进行火星任务。

Vivek Khare, studied Master of Business Administration Degrees at Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore

If Modi is elected, we can see that in the next 3–5 years otherwise the entire project will be scrapped.

如果莫迪当选，未来3-5年内也许能够实现，否则整个项目就废了。

David Cote, B.A. Engineering, University of New Hampshire (2010)

The only organization with an actual plan to get to Mars is SpaceX, and that plan is super far fetched at least at this stage.

唯一有实际登陆火星计划的组织是太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)，而至少在目前阶段，这个计划是非常遥不可及的。

Now, the SpaceX plan might very well work eventually, but there is so much we don’t know about operating manned deep space missions for that to realistically be the very first attempt.

现在，太空探索技术公司的计划可能最终会成功，但是我们对载人深空任务有太多的不了解，这实际上是第一次尝试。

The “safest” (and still very dangerous) method would be similar to the one depicted in the movie The Martian.

最“安全”(也是最危险)的方法与电影《火星救援》中描述的方法相似。

Basically, the Hermes is a mothership. A moving and “self sufficient” space station that can get to Mars and back all on its own, using supplies and fuel exclusively sourced from Earth.

基本上，赫尔墨斯是一艘母舰。一个移动的“自给自足”的空间站，它可以完全依靠自己的力量到达火星并返回，使用完全来自地球的补给和燃料。

Gary D. Brown, Operations Manager at BLang Concepts and Designs. (2014-present)

I don’t believe it will be one country. It will be some combination of countries and agencies. I would like to l think we might have representation from a least 3 or 4 nations onboard and maybe 20 nations in support help.

我不相信仅凭一个国家就能实现这个目标。可能会是一些国家和机构一起合作。我想可能至少会有3-4个国家参与，20个国家提供支持和帮助。

San Jeeth, interstellar travel enthusiasist

United States it will be the first country to send humans to mars .As of now only two organizations having independent launch capability and which are serious about launching a manned mission to mars are

1.Space x

2.NASA

美国会是第一个把人类送上火星的国家，目前只有两个组织有独立的发射能力，而且他们正在认真考虑向火星发射载人飞船

1.Space X

2.美国宇航局

NASA is a year away from testing massive rocket which will carry humans to mars , SLS( Space Launch System) and they have reached major mile stone in order to find solutions for challenges astronauts will face on a trip to mars . They are world leaders in space( do I have to say!)

美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(NASA)还有一年的时间进行把人类送上火星的大型火箭SLS测试(太空发射系统)，为了找到宇航员在火星之旅中将面临的挑战的解决方案，他们已经达到了主要的里程碑。他们是太空领域的世界领袖(我不得不说!)

Next space x, Elon musk’s dream is to colonize mars and space x is also working in that direction they are about to test launch their heavier Falcon 9 heavy launch vehicle this year and already have great success in bringing back spent rocket stages back to earth( saves cost) and they are a private organization, So they can work irrespective of influence of budgetry constrains by govt and they are planning to send humans to mars even before NASA!

接下来说说Space X，埃隆的梦想是殖民火星，Space X也在往这个方向努力。他们即将试射重猎鹰9号重型运载火箭，今年已经成功将火箭助推器带回地球(节约成本)，另外他们是私营企业，所以他们可以不受政府预算的影响，他们计划赶在NASA前将人类送上火星！

Either way they both are from United States.

但不管怎样，他们都来自美国。