US company begins vaccine trial on humans in Australia

美国公司在澳大利亚进行新冠病毒疫苗的人体试验

CANBERRA: A US biotechnology company began injecting a coronavirus vaccine candidate into people in Australia on Tuesday with hopes of releasing a proven vaccine this year.

堪培拉：周二，一家美国生物技术公司开始在澳大利亚进行新冠病毒疫苗的人体试验，希望能在今年推出一款经过验证的疫苗。

Novavax will inject 131 volunteers in the first phase of the trial testing the safety of the vaccine and looking for signs of its effectiveness, the company's research chief Dr Gregory Glenn said.

Novavax公司的研究主任格伦博士称，该公司将在试验的第一阶段向131名志愿者注射疫苗，测试疫苗的安全性及有效性。

About a dozen experimental vaccines against the coronavirus are in early stages of testing or poised to start, mostly in , the US and Europe. It's not clear that any will prove safe and effective. But many work in different ways, and are made with different technologies, increasing the odds that at least one approach might succeed.

大约12种针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗正处于试验的早期实验阶段或准备开始试验，主要在、美国和欧洲。尚不清楚这些疫苗中的哪一种安全有效，但是各类疫苗激活免疫的思路不同，并且生产技术不同，有望大大增加至少有一种疫苗成功的可能性。

"We are in parallel making doses, making vaccine in anticipation that we'll be able to show it's working and be able to start deploying it by the end of this year," Glenn told a virtual news conference in Melbourne from Novavax' headquarters in Maryland.

格伦在位于马里兰州的Novavax总部参加了墨尔本举行的一次虚拟新闻发布会，他表示:“我们同时也在生产疫苗，预计我们能够证明疫苗有效，并能在今年年底开始推出。”

Animal testing suggested the vaccine is effective in low doses. Novavax could manufacture at least 100 million doses this year and 1.5 billion in 2021, he said.

动物试验表明，这种疫苗在低剂量时是有效的。格伦称，Novavax今年至少可生产1亿剂疫苗，2021年可生产15亿剂。

Manufacture of the vaccine, named NVX-CoV2373, was being scaled up with $388 million invested by Norway-based Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations since March, Glenn said.

格伦说，该疫苗名为NVX-CoV2373，自今年3月以来，总部位于挪威的流行病防范创新联盟已投入3.88亿美元，扩大了疫苗的生产规模。

The results of the first phase of clinical trials in Melbourne and Brisbane are expected to be known in July, Novavax said. Thousands of candidates in several countries would then become involved in a second phase.

Novavax表示，在墨尔本和布里斯班进行的第一阶段临床试验的结果预计将于7月公布。之后，若干国家的数千名候选人将参与第二阶段的工作。

The trial began with six volunteers being injected with the potential vaccine in Melbourne on Tuesday, said Paul Griffin, infectious disease expert with Australian collaborator Nucleus Network.

周二，澳大利亚合作机构Nucleus Network的传染病专家保罗·格里芬表示，试验开始时，六名志愿者在墨尔本注射了这种疫苗。

Most of the experimental vaccines in progress aim to train the immune system to recognize the "spike" protein that studs the coronavirus' outer surface, priming the body to react if it was exposed to the real virus. Some candidates are made using just the genetic code for that protein, and others use a harmless virus to deliver the protein-producing information. Still other vaccine candidates are more old-fashioned, made with dead, whole virus.

当前大部分的疫苗设计思路均为让体内免疫系统识别新冠病毒表面的纤突蛋白，在真正遇到病毒时能够迅速产生免疫反应。当前，有的疫苗利用这种蛋白质的基因序列制作相应的蛋白，另一些则是用无害病毒传递蛋白质的特征信息，也有一些“老式”的疫苗，是使用灭活病毒制成的。

Novavax adds another new kind to that list, what's called a recombinant vaccine. Novavax used genetic engineering to grow harmless copies of the coronavirus spike protein in giant vats of insect cells in a laboratory. Scientists extracted and purified the protein, and packaged it into virus-sized nanoparticles.

Novavax候选疫苗则是一种重组疫苗，它利用基因工程手段，使用昆虫细胞作为培养基制造新冠病毒的纤突蛋白。科学家将产生的蛋白质提取并纯化，将其“包装”成病毒大小的纳米颗粒。那么，人体不用接触任何真的病毒，但免疫系统会将其标记为“病毒”，迅速建立免疫反应。

"The way we make a vaccine is we never touch the virus," Novavax told The Associated Press last month. But ultimately, "it looks just like a virus to the immune system."

Novavax上个月告诉美联社：“人体不用接触病毒，在免疫系统看来，它就像一种病毒。”

It's the same process that Novavax used to create a nanoparticle flu vaccine that recently passed late-stage testing.

这与Novavax公司用于制造纳米颗粒流感疫苗的过程相同，该疫苗最近通过了后期试验。

以下是印度时报读者的评论：

Prakash Shivanna

Hope the vaccine will be found sooner and save Human Kind.

希望疫苗能尽快问世，拯救人类。

Padarav Ski

What happened to India's research? Nothing conclusive coming out from it.

印度的疫苗研究进展如何?

怎么都没公布结果啊

The Lord

Give none to . Let them eat more bats and pangolins.

不要给提供疫苗啊。

viru rok

We hope this time vaccine will work and world will overcome this pandemic

希望这款疫苗有效，这样全世界就能战胜病毒

Padarav Ski

Bhakts waiting for US to provide vaccine. Then they will give dance as Feku takes credit for providing hcq.

印度人正等着美国提供疫苗，他们会给的，毕竟莫迪给美国送去了羟氯喹。

Nabarun Purkayastha

hope this is genuine and not raise the share value

希望这是真的，希望这不是为了抬高股价而发布的假消息

Vande Mataram

Hope this vaccine trails will be success and save the world from virus.

希望此次疫苗试验能成功，拯救全世界。

Thomas Cheenath

Hopefully Indian company will make the first breakthrough

希望印度公司是第一个取得突破性进展的

Angraj Mishra

In my book, scientists, researchers, doctors, nurses and every paramedic is a hero.

在我眼里，科学家、研究人员、医生、护士和护理人员都是英雄。

Shankarnarayan Sarma

By God's grace hope this vaccine will become antidote for Corona Virus at the soonest.

老天保佑，希望这种疫苗能尽快上市。

Ulhas Kulkarni

WHY Australia? Aren't there volunteers in US?

为什么在澳大利亚做人体试验?

美国没有志愿者吗?

Manu R

It's a US company but located in Australia.

这是一家美国公司，但位于澳大利亚。

Jatinder Sodhi

human trial should happen in india.

人体试验应该在印度进行。

Mahavir Jain

All the best to all Pharma companies & next thing don't price them exhobriantly.

祝各家制药公司的疫苗研发过程一切顺利，

就是疫苗出来后不要定价过高啊。

uma sankar panigrahi

Entire world is waiting for a vaccine lets hope for its sucess.

全世界都在等待疫苗，希望这款疫苗能成功。

Jaspreet Singh

Lets hope the clinical trials are successful

希望临床试验能成功

Sameer S

First-they test on mice and rats

Second-they test in monkeys

Third-they test on Africans

Forth-they test on Europeans

首先，在老鼠身上做试验

第二，在猴子身上做试验

第三，在非洲人身上做试验

第四，在欧洲人身上做试验

ag

ho that at least one trial become success and large scale production of vaccine starts very soon..

希望至少有一种疫苗试验成功，尽快开始大规模生产。

HappyTimes User

Trials should be held in US only because they are the first beneficiaries too.

人体试验应该在美国进行，美国人是第一批受益者。

Padarav Ski

already have. A vaccine but they won't tell or give this to the world right now.

已经有疫苗了，目前不会公布，也不会向其他国家提供。

Dumbledore

gau muthra is best vaccine against all sorts of diseases

牛尿是预防各种疾病的最佳疫苗。

（译自印度时报   译者：Jessica.Wu）