印度实施全面教育改革，引入类似SAT大学入学考试

Less stress on boards, common college entrance test in swee education reforms

印度实施全面教育改革，引入类似SAT大学入学考试

NEW DELHI: In swee “toddler to college” reforms, seen as the most ambitious since the introduction of the 10+2+3 system, the government on Wednesday unveiled the new National Education Policy that restructures school education by setting out age 3-6 years as pre-school, de-emphasises “high stakes” boards, introduces a SAT-like university entrance test and offers the option of a four-year bachelor’s degree at the undergraduate level.

新德里：周三，印度政府公布了一项新的全国教育政策，该政策旨在重组学校教育结构，将3-6岁的孩子纳入学前教育，引入了一种类似SAT的大学入学考试，并在本科阶段提供四年制学士学位的选择。这项“从幼儿到大学”的全面改革被视为自引入10+2+3教育体系以来最雄心勃勃的改革。

The changes in the board structure, which seek to make the exams a test of “core competencies”, will be implemented from the 2021 academic session. The new university entrance test will be implemented for college admissions in the 2022 academic session. NEP aims to provide students with increased flexbility and subjects and there will be no rigid separation between arts and sciences, curricular and extra-curricular activities, etc, the government said.

委员会结构改革将从2021年学术会议开始实施，旨在把考试改为“核心能力”测试。新大学入学考试将在2022年学术会议期间实施。政府表示，新政策旨在为学生提供更大的灵活性，更多科目选择，在文科和理科、课程和课外活动等方面不会有严格区分。

Emphasis on vernacular medium

强调母语教学

Announcing the reforms, HRD minister Ramesh Pokhriyal and I&B minister Prakash Javadekar said vocational education will start in schools from the sixth grade and will include internships. The policy seeks to empha-sise learning in regional language or mother tongue.

在宣布这项改革时，人力资源开发部长拉梅什·波克里亚尔和印度教育与发展部长普拉卡什·雅瓦德卡尔说，职业教育将从小学六年级开始，并将包括实习。这项政策强调用地区语言或母语学习。

“Since most of the learning happens in the mother tongue, we ensure that wherever possible, the medium of instruction until Class 5, but preferably till Class 8 and beyond, will be in home language, mother tongue, regional language. Starting from the foundational stage, children will be exposed to different languages, with a particular emphasis on the mother tongue,” said Pokhriyal.

波克里亚尔说：“由于大多数学习都是用母语进行的，所以我们确保在任何可能的情况下，直到5年级(最好是到8年级及以后)的教学语言都是母语和地区语言。从基础阶段开始，孩子们将接触到不同的语言教学，重点是母语。”

The reforms look to substantially alter the college education system and replace the University Grants Commission with a new regulator — the Higher Education Commission of India with verticals for regulation, standard-setting, grants and accreditation.

这些改革将从根本上改变大学教育体系，新的监管机构——印度高等教育委员会将取代大学拨款委员会，前者者由监管、标准制定、拨款和认证等垂直机构组成。

The big push in the school education system is to convert it to a “5+3+3+4” system with three years as pre-schooling. There will be school examinations in Grades 3, 5, and 8 to be conducted by an appropriate authority. Board exams for Grades 10 and 12 will be “redesigned” and a new National Assessment Centre, Parakh (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development), will be set up as a standard-setting body.

学校教育系统的一大推动力是将其转变为“5+3+3+4”教育体系，其中包括3年的学前教育。3年级、5年级和8年级的学校考试将由有关权威机构负责。10年级和12年级的委员会考试将“重新设计”，并将设立一个新的国家评估中心Parakh(全面发展知识的绩效评估、审查和分析)，作为制定标准的机构。

The policy proposes that Sanskrit be offered at all levels of school and higher education as an important, enriching option for students including as an option in the three-language formula.

新政策建议在各级学校和高等教育中提供梵语教学，纳入三种语言选项之中，供学生选择。

以下是印度时报读者的评论：

Mukesh

I would say that NEP 2020 is the most groundbreaking reform Modiraj has made and a turning point that will change how new Indians will be like. I never studied Vedas, I feel that the inclusion of Vedas in the curriculum could immensely help produce scholars par excellence. The vernacular system until Class 12 will make scholars.

2020新教育政策是莫迪所做的最具突破性的改革，也将是一个改变新印度人面貌的转折点。我从来没有学过吠陀经，我觉得在课程中加入吠陀经有助于培养出卓越的学者。

Krishnan Narasimhan

Great initiative. Should be backed by total removal of Leftist education that was propogated since Independence.

太棒了，应该彻底废除自独立以来宣传的左翼教育。

Sahil Chaudhary

Most of reforms look good except languages. Sanskrit is a dead language, no need to push students. It should be optional. English should be medium of instruction if we want to keep our edge in future.

除了语言之外，大多数改革看起来都不错。梵语是一种死气沉沉的语言，没必要逼学生学，应该作为选修。如果我们想在未来保持优势，应该用英语教学。

Rahul Sharma

A much needed step to build New India.

为了建设新印度，教育改革是非常必要的一步。

Jagmohan Sharm

yes This reform was long awaited and is welcome step for the govt and people of our country.

这项改革是我们期待已久的，大家都欢迎。

Hiten Indie

Introduce Vedic mathematics in schools. We used it for algorithm development, it's amazing. (Mathematics was never my favourite subject until I touched Vedic mathematics and jyamitiya).

在学校里设吠陀数学课程，它很神奇，我们曾用它来开发算法。(数学从来都不是我最喜欢的科目，直到我接触了吠陀数学)

Nayak

sanskrit, culture, mother tongue these are required but English is most important for science and technology

梵语，文化，母语这些都是必须的，但英语是最重要的工具

Shekar Natesh

English is a must

英语是必须的

Shekar Natesh

Also reservations based on caste, creed, religion should be scrapped and only merit should be the main criteria for selection.

基于种姓、信仰和宗教的预留制应该被废除，主要录取标准应该是成绩。

sachin meda

Awesome

太棒了

Rewarding India

scrap the reservation first

先废除预留制吧

Anita Gupta

Good job jai hind, coming generation is very lucky, as always Modi ji you are Great

干得好，印度必胜，下一代印度人非常幸运。一如既往，莫迪，你真伟大

Logical Indian

current system tests only memory power of student, its good that future assessment will be based on aptitude & understanding. the best part is importance given to Mother tongue , currently parents stress on learning English more that mother tongue.

目前的考试只测试学生的记忆能力，未来的评估将基于能力和理解力。最重要的是对母语的重视，现在的父母更重视学习英语而不是母语。

Gaana User

unless until if there is reservation in this country , nothing is going to happen ... must remove reservation also

只要预留制还存在，什么都不会发生…必须废除预留制

Gaana User

Reform should include every part, now rural part and urban education have vast difference. first provide infrastructure to rural India where child can match with urban student. Education has now become business, collecting huge fees, this aspect should be taken care. Right to education should be equal for all.

教育改革应该包括方方面面，目前农村教育和城市教育有很大的区别。首先为印度农村地区建设教育设施，那里的孩子也可以和城里的学生比。教育现在已经变成了商业，收取巨额学费，这方面应该注意。每个人都有接受教育的权利，在这方面，人人平等。

K Mohan Hyderabad city

Emphasis given for regional language is the far reaching decision to satisfy the states

强调地方语言可满足各邦要求，这是一项具有深远意义的决定

Subrata Chakraborty

This reform is really commendable and it will release the unnecessary pressure from students. Thank you Modiji

这一改革确实值得称赞，将缓解学生的压力。感谢莫迪！

Maank bhushan Abhi

its a good step towards education system. please update the syllabus too. the book i read during my childhood, are also used to read by my brother who is 15 year younger to me....!

做得好，也请更新教学大纲，我小时候读过的书，比我小15岁的弟弟还在读…!

Harish Hastantram

Bring something to regulate fee in private schools who are looting public. Unlike US where education is state sponsored in India politicians run private schools.

给公立学校的私立学校规定收费标准，他们收费跟抢劫一样。我们不像美国，由国家资助教育，印度的私立学校都是政客开的。

Arjun Reddy

We are copying the American system.

我们在复制美国的教育体制。

Manu R

No harm in copying any system which has atleast 6 of the top 10 Universities in the world.

美国有至少6所世界排名前10的大学，复制他们的教育体制没啥害处。

Woncru

Well done !! Much needed ... wish we had this 20 years ago !!

做得好! !教育改革是我们迫切需要的…要是20年前改革了就好了!

（译者：Jessica.Wu）