印度能成为中国那样的制造大国吗

Can India Manufacture Like China?

印度能成为中国那样的制造大国吗？

India and China, the two most populous countries of the globe. We often see people comparing these two, may it be the military comparison, economic comparison, or any other aspect. Both the countries have different capabilities. Well we all know that China is kind of the world's factory. But now the question here is, can the foreign investors count on India to setup their factories?

印度和中国是世界上人口最多的两个国家。我们经常看到人们比较这两个国家，比军事，比经济，或比其他方面。

两国各有优劣。我们都知道中国是世界工厂。

现在的问题是，外国投资者能指望在印度建立工厂吗？

And can India manufacture like China?

印度能成为中国那样的制造中心吗？

After the opening of its economy India also became the export hub, But what India was exporting is not cheap manufacturing goods but the high skilled IT services such as software and business process outsourcing. Today the IT industry accounted for 8% of India’s GDP in 2020 and it's a backbone of the Indian economy. Yet unlike the IT boom in India, low-end manufacturing didn't get the momentum that was required. The IT sector jobs are mostly limited to English-speaking and high-skill set people and India's looking at the vast labor force India also needed labor-intensive industries.

经济开放后，印度也成为了出口中心，但印度出口的不是廉价的工业产品，而是高技能的IT服务，如软件和业务流程外包。

到2020年，IT产业占印度GDP的8%，是印度经济的支柱。

然而，与印度IT业的繁荣不同，低端制造业并没有获得所需的动力。

IT行业的工作大多局限于会讲英语和有高技能的人，而印度的劳动力数量庞大，印度也需要劳动密集型产业。

India's road and rail network are still does not match international standards, the traveling time of goods often takes a very long duration, and the power supply is also not enough. On the other hand, China offers integrated infrastructure like large ports and highways, top quality labor, and sophisticated logistics, all of which are critical factors to meet strict deadlines that international companies operate on. Also one of the major reasons why India was not the first choice for international companies was that India does not have free trade agreements with many nations. After more than half of a decade, India is still negotiating FTA with the US, EU and last year India pulled out from RCEP trade agreement also. Due to this, India isn't well integrated with major global supply chains.

印度的公路和铁路网络仍然不符合国际标准，货运时间很长，而且电力供应也不够。

另一方面，中国提供综合性的基础设施，如大型港口和高速公路，高素质的劳动力和先进的物流，

所有这些都是跨国公司开展业务的关键因素。

印度不是跨国公司首选的一个主要原因是，印度与许多国家没有自由贸易协定

五年多来，印度仍在与美国、欧盟谈自由贸易协定，去年印度也退出了RCEP贸易协定。

因此，印度没有很好地融入全球主要供应链

Yet the Indian government has noticed many of these problems. To increase the manufacturing capacity the government is offering subsidies through schemes like production linked incentives. From electronic manufacturing, to textile and from automobile industries to pharmaceuticals industries India is offering generous subsidies to various industries to boost its manufacturing capabilities. And as these industries will grow, India can take advantage of its booming population which is set to surpass China over the next decade. As you know, China's population is getting older and it is declining.

然而，印度政府已经注意到了其中的许多问题。为了提高生产能力，政府正为那些与生产挂钩的激励机制等计划提供补贴。

从电子制造到纺织，从汽车工业到医药工业，印度为各个行业提供慷慨的补贴，努力提高生产能力。

随着这些行业的发展，印度可以利用不断增长的人口，在未来十年将超过中国。

正如你所知，中国的人口正在老龄化。

India's startup culture could also help the growing economy of the country. The year 2020 saw the birth of the maxmum number of Indian unicorns with 44 unicorns. Today India's internet penetration has reached 50% and just 5 years ago it was only 27%. The increasing use of the internet is not just hel startups but also big institutions as well as small businesses.

印度的创业文化也有助于经济的增长。

2020年是印度独角兽诞生数量最多的一年，新增44家独角兽。

今天，印度的互联网普及率已经达到50%，而5年前只有27%。

互联网的日益普及不仅帮助了初创企业，也帮助了大型机构和小型企业。

So will the few government subsidies and digitalization be enough to attract foreign investment, well we don't think so. China's ways of only Capitalizing on low-cost labor for manufacturing may not work for India because of automation and industry 4.0. What India needs to do is undertake broad-based structural reforms for ease of doing business, improve its infrastructure, and importantly use the changing geopolitical shifts to modify its trading relationship with the world.

那么，少量的政府补贴和数字化就足以吸引外国投资吗？

我们不这么认为。由于自动化和工业4.0的存在，中国仅利用低成本劳动力发展制造业的方式可能不适用于印度。

印度需要做的是进行广泛的结构改革，以简化商业运作，改善基础设施，重要的是利用不断变化的地缘政治转变来改变自己与世界各国的贸易关系。

以下是Youtube上印度网民的评论：

Tom Chupick

After working in India 5 years, I was impressed with the calibre of the engineers, including their hard work/competitiveness and communication skills. However, the excruciatingly slow government/admin/consensus processes are crippling the country. Infrastructure that takes 1 year in China takes >10 years in India, assuming it isn’t stopped entirely because of vested interests, illegal appropriations, or endless debates. 10 power failures daily, no sewer treatment, 1 hours to drive 5km, are the norm in Bangalore. It may be a global IT capital, but it feels like the « Stone age with cell phones

在印度工作5年后，我对工程师的素质印象深刻，他们勤奋工作，有竞争力和沟通技能。然而，极其缓慢的政府效率正在削弱这个国家。

在中国建设基础设施只需要1年的时间，在印度需要10年，假设没有因为既得利益、非法占用或无休止的辩论而完全停止。每天停电10次，没有污水处理系统，开车5公里需要1小时，这些都是班加罗尔的常态，它可能是全球IT之都，但更感觉像是“有手机的石器时代”

Aniruddha Shabade

India is doing good in infrastructure and has a budget and scheme of 1.5 Trillion$ as announced by our PM.

印度基础设施做得很好，我们的总理宣布了1.5万亿美元的预算。

Nava

India ranked 2 ND in manufacturing and ahead of USA in 2021.

2021年印度制造业排名第2，领先于美国。

Aditya Tyagi

India indeed has many issues which hamper its growth potential despite India having achieved quite a bit. A lot more remains to be achieved. The current government is taking a responsible and pragmatic approach to getting rid of red tape and developming manufacturing and infrastructure. These are all welcome moves undoubtedly.

尽管取得了相当大的成就，但印度确实存在许多阻碍增长潜力的问题，还有很多工作要做。

本届印度政府正以负责任和务实的态度去简化繁琐程序，发展制造业，建设基础设施。

毫无疑问，这些举措都是受欢迎的。

Huas

I don't know, but a reality in Southeast Asia is that we rarely see other "made in India" products except Indian aphrodisiacs or street snacks.

在东南亚，我们很少看到“印度制造”的产品，只能看到一些印度春药或街头小吃。

amol uchil

India made mistake of ignoring manufacturing while china concentrated too much on manufacturing. China concentrated too much on investment driven economy while India concentrated too much on consumer driven economy. Both need to maintain a fine balance between both.

印度犯了忽视制造业的错误，而中国过于专注于制造业的发展。

中国过于关注投资驱动型经济，而印度过于关注消费驱动型经济。

两者需要保持一种微妙的平衡。

rajdeep saha

FTA is a double edged sword it can boom you economy if signed with right countries it could be fetal if signed it with wrong countries .

自由贸易协定是一把双刃剑，如果和对的国家签署，可以促进经济繁荣，如果和错的国家签署，可能是致命的。

tianling chen

Some parts of India have infrastructure similar to, or even better than, China's, but away from the core business districts of several big cities, other places are almost slums and chaotic countryside,

But China, whether it is rural or small cities, whether in Tib or injiang, has very good infrastructure, and there are almost no slums. Every Chinese lives in the modern world, while only one-third of India lives in modern society

印度一些地区的基础设施与中国类似，甚至比中国更好，但除了几个大城市的核心商业区，其他地方几乎是贫民窟和混乱的农村，

在中国，无论是农村还是小城市，都有非常好的基础设施，几乎没有贫民窟。

每个中国人都生活在现代世界，而只有三分之一的印度人生活在现代社会

Harijanto Soepangkat

Corruption in all levels of government (Federal and State) is awful. The local are trying to squeeze the foreign investors whenever possible. The largest Korean steel group tried to establish a steel making complex in India, after ten years of application processing and wasting millions of dollars, the Korean gave up. It was a 10 million ton steel per year investment worth billions of dollars.

各级政府(联邦政府和邦政府)的腐败是可怕的。

当地人一有可能就压榨外国投资者。

韩国最大的钢铁集团曾想在印度建立钢铁工厂，但经过了10年的申请，耗费了数百万美元，最终还是放弃了。

每年1000万吨的钢铁投资，价值数十亿美元。

Satishkumar Nedungadi

India is building its infra especially rail, road and ports at a furious pace. Education policy is being revamped to train youngsters in vocations in order to fill the deficit in technical skills. Factor markets to a great extent has been liberalized.

Moreover, PLI scheme is a major incentive for manufacturing business to set up facilities in India. All in all, it is a good begng.

印度正在以惊人的速度建设基础设施，尤其是铁路、公路和港口。教育政策正在修改，以培训年轻人的职业技能，以弥补技术技能的不足。

市场在很大程度上已经自由化。此外，PLI计划是外资在印度设立工厂的主要激励措施。总之，这是一个好的开始。

ankit dubey

India is negotiating FTAs since 2018 because " INDIA IS A TOUGH NEGOTIATER" as called by President Trump. We don't want to harm our country in the name of signing FTA

印度从2018年开始谈判自由贸易协定，特朗普总统说，“印度是一个强硬的谈判者”。我们不想因为签署自由贸易协定而损害我们的国家

Cheesecake

China's solution is to make use of robots, Ai , big data, and smart cities

That's why we are seeing so many solar plants and renewable energy projects in other parts of China

They are laying the foundations to promote social and economic activities throughout the country and not just the Eastern part of the country

中国的解决方案是利用机器人、人工智能、大数据和智能城市

这就是为什么我们在中国看到这么多太阳能工厂和可再生能源项目

他们正在为促进全国而不仅仅是东部的社会和经济活动奠定基础

vedansh yadav

India is working on all the above mentioned problems

Long live INDIA, long live the earth

印度正在努力解决上述问题

印度万岁，地球万岁

Ayush Gupta

Truly speaking, we want manufacturing but that which benefits us, not anything just to compete in a blind rat race. Manufacturing involves lots of natural resources and produces high environmental pollution too, so we need high end value manufacturing, kee in mind our limited resources and environmental strain and also our large highly skilled but unemployed population of engineers.

说实在的，我们想要的是能让我们受益的制造业，而不仅仅是盲目的激烈竞争。制造业需要大量的资源，也产生很多污染，我们需要的是高端制造业，

记住，我们的资源有限，有环境压力，我们有大量高技能但失业的工程师。

dhg1234

"As I always say - If you want something said, ask India. If you want something done, ask China." --Maitreya Bhakal

如果你想听点什么，去找印度，如果你想干点什么，去找中国。

eng hockonn

India should concentrate on economic and infrastructure development in South Asia from Afghanistan,Pakistan,Nepal ,Sri Lanka to bring peace and prosperity to the region instead of whether to be a " Next China"

印度应该集中精力发展经济和基础设施，在阿富汗、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡等国家，为该地区带来和平与繁荣，而不是想方设法成为“下一个中国”。

Premdas Dutta

There is no other choice. India had to invest in infrastructure both physical and social and become the industrial hub of the world.

没有其他选择。印度必须投资建设基础设施，成为世界的工业中心。

Jai

This question is being asked by us to the government for i guess 22 years, answer turns yes, reality tells otherwise

这个问题已经问了22年了，答案是肯定的，但事实并非如此

Aphrodo

India has times young labor of USA. India has good plans and does not follow China or America. India must be beyond them. Love from the Philippines.

印度拥有比美国更多的年轻劳动力。印度有很好的计划，没有效仿中国或美国。印度必须超越他们。来自菲律宾的爱。

ke Wan

As a Chinese, I am optimistic about India in the future. China is very embarrassed in the future. The low-end industries that rely on for survival are moving outward. The high-end industries are suppressed by the United States. India has a high starting point and can develop by leaps and bounds. After all, it has institutional advantages. After China joins RECP, the industrial migration will be more obvious.

作为一名中国人，我对印度的未来感到乐观。赖以生存的低端产业正在向外移。高端产业受到美国的压制。印度起点高，可以跳跃式发展。毕竟有制度上的优势。中国加入RECP后，产业迁移将更加明显。

Aniruddha Shabade

Why will be India next China?

India will be again the India having its glory of GOLDEN BIRD

为什么印度要成为下一个中国?

印度将再次成为“金鸟”

Premdas Dutta

We have to give stress on manufacturing and exports. Along with infrastructure.

我们必须重视生产和出口，建设基础设施。

Shardul Diwan

This video comes at a time when India has been regarded as the 2nd most preferred manufacturing destination just behind China.

印度已被视为仅次于中国的第二大最受欢迎的制造业目的地。