印度采用日本的高铁技术有什么好处呢

What are the benefits of using Japan's high-speed rail technology in India?

印度采用日本的高铁技术有什么好处呢？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Raghavan Sivadasan

Former Former Member, Railway Board, ( Retired ) at Ministry of Railways, India (1971–2007)Author has 130 answers and 149.2K answer viewsSun

High Speed Rail Technologies were developed through original research, investments, prototype developments and closely guarded trial - runs mainly by four nations -Japan, Italy, France and Germany. And it was in that order chronologically.

高速铁路技术的发展经历了原创性研究、投资、原型生产和机密试运行等阶段，主要由四个国家掌握——日本、意大利、法国和德国，按时间顺序排名。

All these countries had actively participated in either one of the world Wars or in both World Wars and in some way or the other, intensely used the Railways for Military logistics. Railway technologies were used as engines of war (as Mr Christian Wolmar had famously phrased in his books) by all these nations. They invested money in rail technology’s potential for speedy movement of soldiers and massive freight carrying capacities Guns and ammunitions.

这些国家都曾深度参与了世界大战的其中一场甚至两场，并大量利用铁路为军队运输后勤物资。这些国家把铁路技术作为战争的引擎(Christian Wolmar先生在他的书中有一个著名的说法)。他们投资修建铁路，是为了快速运送士兵及大规模运输物资。

Japan came out with the first High Speed Rail Technology project that was successfully commissioned. They opened the first commercially ready high speed train in 1964 between Tokyo and Osaka. Top Speeds 210–256 KMPH.

日本是第一个推出高铁技术，并成功投入使用的国家。1964年，他们在东京和大阪之间开通了第一列商用高速列车，最高时速达210-256公里。

In 1978 Italy opened a Dedicated High Speed Rail route between Rome and Florence. Top Speed achieved was between 200 - 252 KMPH. Italy’s use of technology in High Speed Track and Viaduct Systems Construction were superb.

1978年，意大利开通了罗马和佛罗伦萨之间的专用高铁，最高速度在200 - 252公里/小时之间。意大利的高速轨道和高架桥建设技术是世界一流的。

France which had its own near perfect HSR technology opened its first High Speed Rail Services between Paris and Lyon in 1981. French Railway started construction of its High Speed Railway in 1966, close on the heels of HSR Japan .

法国拥有近乎完美的高铁技术，在1981年开通了巴黎和里昂之间的第一条高铁。法国铁路公司在1966年，紧随日本高铁之后开始建造高速铁路。

German HSR projects got delayed because of legal issues and opened its High Speed Services in 1991.

德国的高铁项目因为法律问题而被推迟，并在1991年开通了高铁。

I have picked up these nations because of their sterling quality original research and developments.

我之所以列举了这些国家，是因为它们的原创研究和研发质量很高。

Now we need to turn to the key aspect of the question - benefits of using a country like Japan’s High Speed Rail Technology. The HSR technologies developed by all the above countries are excellent -speed, safety , operational and maintenance systems - are all equally good . Personally I do not think a large economy like India should bother about benefits.

现在我们来看看问题的关键——使用诸如日本等国的高铁技术有什么好处。上述国家研发的高铁技术都很出色——速度、安全、运行和维护——都很优秀。我认为印度这样的大型经济体无需为此操心。

It should rather be the other way about. These nations must be looking at the benefits that they can reap by investing in a large HSR ridership market like India. India is the rising star - it has a stable Government. It is a well administered country today.

印度该操心的是别的事。这些国家会考虑投资印度这样的大型高铁客运市场能获得多大的利益。印度是冉冉升起的新星——印度有稳定的政府，国家得到很好的治理。

It is a matter of ease and comforts of doing a collaborative business with Japan that really points the needle of choice towards Japan. When France was ushering in HSR technology products and services within their shores in the year 1981, Maruti Udyog Limited was cobbling up a joint venture with Suzuki Japan for Automobiles manufacturing. With Suzuki’s readiness to develop car components from Original Equipment Manufacturers ( OEMs ) indigenously in India without too much of friction between the countries made Japan a welcome partner .

与日本进行合作是一件轻松惬意的事情，所以印度将橄榄枝抛向了日本。1981年，当法国刚推出高铁技术时，风神汽车有限公司正与日本铃木汽车制造公司组建合资企业。铃木准备在印度本土贴牌生产汽车零部件，两国之间合作顺畅，使得日本成为受到印度欢迎的合作伙伴。

MNCs in Europe can offer equally solid HSR technology and products at more attractive prices but the ease of doing partnership business in India may not be as good as it could perhaps be with Japan. Let me hasten to add, it is my personal view .

欧洲的跨国公司可以用更有吸引力的价格提供同样可靠的高铁技术和产品，但在印度开展合作业务时可能不如与日本合作那么轻松。这是我个人的看法。

The issue is wide open - India can open up its High Speed Rail Transportation market with huge volumes of ridership. Make no mistake. Indian Middle Class is huge. Many think -tanks outside India and Consultancy Groups, still portray Indian middle class families with less than $ 10 per day incomes. The Indian Wedding Market spending is next only to American Wedding Market spends.

印度可以开放其拥有巨大客流量的高速铁路运输市场。大家要搞清楚一点，印度的中产阶级非常庞大。印度境外的许多智库和咨询公司至今仍把印度中产阶级家庭描述成日收入不足10美元。但实际上印度婚礼市场的支出仅次于美国。

Stunningly huge Billions are spent in Higher Education abroad, even for low quality education offered by small sized East European nations.

印度中产阶级为海外高等教育投入惊人的巨额资金，甚至包括东欧小国的低水平教育。

In India the middle class families spend billions on Private Coaching Classes from Kindergarten to Class 12 plus.

印度中产阶级家庭在孩子从幼儿园到12年级以上的私人辅导课程上花费了数十亿美元。

The amount of Gold held by families can be gauged from the moneys spent on Dhanteras and Akshaya Trithiya. On a single auspicious day like Akshaya Thrithiya in 2022 , gold sales touched Rs 15,000 crore ( $ 1.9 billion ) as reported . During auspicious day like Dhanteras 100–150 tonne gold gets sold .

每个印度家庭持有的黄金数量可以用花在排灯节和佛陀满月节上的钱来衡量。据报道，在2022年佛陀满月节这样的吉日，黄金销售额达到了1500亿卢比(19亿美元)。在排灯节这样的吉日，出售的黄金高达100-150吨。

Indian middle class family travel budgets are not so constrained. There would be enough ridership available in India for HSR market too. However MNCs must take advantage of such a large market and invest in India’s HSR market. It is for HSR MNCs to take the lead, as they did in China. India need not be worried about assessing the benefits of HSR technology from any particular country. It is the other way about -it must be the nations which hoard the HSR /Maglev technologies without any gains, to keenly look at India’s huge HSR market riderships.

印度中产阶级家庭的旅游预算没有那么紧张。印度高铁市场也会有足够的客流量。跨国公司投资印度高铁市场，必定会利用这么庞大的市场。印度无需操心哪个国家的高铁技术带来的好处是多是寡。事实恰恰相反——那些手握高铁/磁悬浮技术却没法变现的国家，正虎视眈眈地盯着印度巨大的高铁客流量。

Chris Ebbert

Lived in ChinaAuthor has 11.4K answers and 275.6M answer views3y

Is China's high-speed rail advanced over Japan?

It’s a much newer train and system by decades, so yes, necessarily.

Having said that, I have used both, and they are both equally fantastic. Fast, silent, smooth… lovely things.

And you’d never know the Japanese one is already a classic. It was amazing when it came out, and it still is.

问题：中国的高铁技术比日本更高级嘛？

中国的高铁比日本新了几十年时间，所以是的，肯定更好。

话虽如此，这两国的高铁我都坐过，都很不错。速度快、安静、平稳……棒极了。

你也绝对不会觉得日本高铁有年份了。它刚推出的时候令人惊艳，现在依然非常出色。

Kaninefat

Studied at Gemeentelijk Gymnasium HilversumAuthor has 7.4K answers and 1.7M answer viewsApr 14

How could high-speed rail benefit the US?

高铁会给美国带来什么好处？

It provides a means of travel that is

Far more efficient than either cars or airplanes.

Far more comfortable than airplanes.

Effectively faster than airplanes for distances up to a few hundred miles (you avoid the waiting times at airports).

Far more environmentally friendly than either cars or airplanes.

它为美国人提供了一种出行方式

比坐汽车、飞机快得多。

比坐飞机舒服得多。

比飞行距离只有几百英里的航班快得多(无需在机场傻等)。

比汽车或飞机更环保。

Downsides:

It is slower than airplanes over longer distances

It is not as flexble as cars.

It requires a lot of infrastructure.

缺点：

飞行距离远的话，高铁不如飞机快。

不像汽车那样灵活方便。

需要建设大量的基础设施。

Ken M

Former Lecturer of business law and economics (2019–2019)Author has 9.2K answers and 17M answer views3y

Why is China so aggressively building high-speed rail in the country, even the project is said to be more ambitious than the high-speed rail project in Japan (Shinkansen)?

It’s because high speed rail is actually a political project as well as an infrastructure project.

Go look at the UK or the USA.

In the UK the north (where I am from) has been neglected by various governments for 50 years. When the mines and factories closed in the 1970s and 1980s nothing replaced them and the north was pretty much abandoned to rot. We can still see this today where more money is spent in London than all the rest of the counties together on transport. This makes financial sense as more people live in London.

这是因为高铁说到底其实是政治项目，也是基础建设项目。

看看英国或美国吧。

英国北部（我来自北部地区）已经被历届政府遗忘了50年。上世纪七八十年代矿山和工厂关闭了，没有代替的产业，北部地区几乎被国家抛弃了。我们可以看到，如今伦敦的交通投入比其他所有郡的总和还要多。越来越多的人选择定居伦敦，这么做财政上没有问题。

The US has the same with the rust belt.

Building this high speed rail that loses money hand over fist as well as other infrastructure lets people move around and see that they are part of the progress too and not just those living in megacities.

美国的“铁锈地带”也面临着同样的问题。

斥巨资修建高速铁路和其他基础设施，让人们可以随意出行，看看除了生活在大城市的人之外，自己也能享受到社会的进步。

Shubham

Passionate about High Speed TrainsAuthor has 230 answers and 2M answer viewsUpdated 4y

Why is Japan specifically investing in bullet trains in India? Why not in something else?

Originally Answered: Why is Japan specifically investing in Bullet trains in India? Why not in something else?

Japan has been investing in India for a long time and in a large number of projects. Media has been creating so much fuss about the bullet trains that they never mention other projects.

Japan has funded more than 50% of Delhi Metro in all three phases.

原题：为什么日本投资在印度建高铁？为什么不选别的国家呢？

日本在印度投资的历史很长，投资了大量项目。媒体针对高铁大惊小怪，只是没提其他项目罢了。

在下面三个阶段，日本为德里地铁项目提供了超过50%的资金。

DMRC: FUNDING

Japan is the largest foreign investor in India's infrastructure market by the number of projects, with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) involved in USD 1.7 billion worth of projects in 2016.

Japan has been hel in Dedicated Freight Corridor connecting Amritsar to Kolkata and Delhi to Mumbai.

资金

按项目数量来计算，日本是印度基础设施市场最大的外国投资者，2016年，日本国际协力机构(JICA)参与了价值17亿美元的项目。

日本一直在帮助修建连接阿姆利则到加尔各答、德里到孟买的专用货运走廊。

Japan has also invested 50% in the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor.

The figures below shows how Japanese investment in India has been increasing in the recent years. There was a sharp rise by 80% in 2016–17.

日本还在德里-孟买工业走廊投资了50%。

下面的数字显示了近年来日本在印度的投资增长情况。2016-2017年，这一数字急剧上升了80%。

Japan has invested $1.4 Billion in Chennai Metro.Japan International Cooperation Agency Extends Rs 9,000 Crore Loans To Chennai Metro

日本在金奈地铁投资了14亿美元。

Japan is also investing in many other metro projects in India, like in Mumbai, Kochi etc. JICA keen to support six more metro projects in India

日本还投资了印度的很多地铁项目，比如孟买、科奇等。

The number of Japanese firms in India has been rising in recent years. As of October 2016, there were 1,305 Japanese firms registered in India, an increase of 76 (6%) from 2015. These companies had 4,590 business establishments operating in India, an increase of 173 or (3%) from 2015.

Investments from Japan are getting diverse and sectors that have received FDI during 2016-17 period include retail, textile, consumer durables, food & beverages and banking (credit card services).

近年来，印度市场上的日本企业数量一直在增加。截至2016年10月，有1305家日本公司在印度注册，比2015年增加了76家(6%)。这些公司在印度有4590家营业机构，比2015年增加了173家(3%)。

日本在印度的投资越来越多样化，2016- 2017年期间获得外国直接投资的行业包括零售、纺织、耐用消费品、食品和饮料以及银行(信用卡服务)。

Japan is funding the proposed Dhubri – Phulbari bridge connecting Assam and Meghalaya which should have provisions for rail communication as well. Japan is hel India for ganga rejuvenation as well.

日本正在投资拟议中的连接阿萨姆邦和梅加拉亚邦的杜布里-普尔巴里桥，这座桥也预留了高铁轨道。日本也正在协助印度进行恒河回春项目。

India and Japan have launched their own infrastructure development projects to balance China’s influence in the region.

Apart from that India and Japan are members of G4 Nations who support each other’s claim for permanent seat in UN Security Council. Japan has been a long time friend of India.

印度和日本已经启动了各自的基础设施发展项目来对抗中国在该地区的影响力。

除此之外，印度和日本都是四国集团的成员，彼此支持对方申请联合国安理会常任理事国席位。日本长期以来一直是印度的朋友。

Jeff

Student (2015–present)Author has 448 answers and 370.6K answer views3y

Why isn't Japan develo a hyperloop system? Wouldn't it be building on the success that their country already had with high-speed rail?

Japan is already in the process of implementing a separate mode of transport. JR and the Japanese government for years now have been testing and constructing part of the rail line between Tokyo and Nagoya that will use Maglev.

It's been in construction since 2014 and will be operational in 2027. Once finished an additional section between Nagoya and Osaka will be completed between 2037–2045.

日本已经在推行另一种运输方式。多年来，日本铁路公司和日本政府一直在测试和建造东京到名古屋之间的部分磁悬浮铁路。

这段磁悬浮铁路自2014年开始建设，将于2027年投入使用。此外，名古屋和大阪的路段将于2037年至2045年之间建成。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

Advisor and Tutor at Staff Selection Commission Combined Graduate Level Exam (2021–present)Author has 17.2K answers and 403.5M answer views1y

When it is quite apparent that high speed/bullet rail system are horribly expensive and very little useful compared to improving exsting road, rail and air infrastructures; Why is India wasting money on it?

One word BANDA

Banda is a tamil word meaning Showing off.

Its like a wife, seeing Diamonds on a rich neighbour and deciding i want the same and forcing the husband to take money from Vasuli Bhai and Raghu Bhai to get the same for her.

Its like a guy purchasing a BMW at exorbitant EMI just so he can swank around.

高铁需要投入这么多资金，对改善现有公路、铁路、航空的基建作用不大，为什么印度还要把钱浪费在高铁上？

一个字，BANDA

Banda是泰米尔语，意思是炫耀。

就好比一个妻子看到一个有钱邻居戴着钻石，就说：我也想要钻石，逼丈夫花钱给她买。

就好比一个人买宝马只是为了四处显摆。

No other reason

We dont need a Bullet Train right now. We have other priorities. Many more.

We cannot afford Bullet Trains

没有其他理由。

我们现在并不需要高铁。我们还有其他非常多的事需要先行解决。

我们买不起高铁。

Balaji Viswanathan

CEO of Invento Robotics.Upvoted by

Anirudh Raghuwanshi, former Business Development Analyst at Mutterfly (2016-2017) and Iftikar Alam, Assistant Engineer at Government of IndiaAuthor has 5.6K answers and 424.7M answer viewsUpdated 6y

Is it good for the Indian government to invest in bullet trains (high speed railway HSR)? Is India really ready for it?

Originally Answered: Is it good for the government to really invest in the bullet train that is expected to run between mumbai and ahmedabad? Are we really ready for it?

Think of it this way. Is it good to invest in airlines and express trains when more people use passenger trains and buses? And is it good to invest in buses and passenger trains when many villagers still use bullock carts? Should not the government be investing in the fastest bullock carts? That would be absurd.

原题：政府投资建设孟买至艾哈迈达巴德的高铁是好事吗？我们真的准备好了吗？

你可以这么想。多数人选择乘坐客运列车和公共汽车时，投建航空公司和高铁是好事吗？在许多农民还在使用牛车的情况下，投建公共汽车和客运列车是好事吗？政府不应该花钱制造速度最快的牛车吗？太荒谬了。

Government should not just plan for 2016, but also for 2030. The investments in highways and metro trains 15 years ago are now paying off as we zip through the highways and trains. By 2030, we would have 4 times bigger economy and 20 crore more people in the middle class. How are we going to move them? The middle class of 2030 would choke without fast transportation. Airports would be clogged, roads would be beyond their capacity and express trains cannot move people fast enough. On the other hand, bullet trains can transport people fast enough for them to leave their cars and planes behind.

政府不单要为2016年做规划，也要为2030年做规划。15年前对高速公路和地铁的投资，现在已经产生回报。到2030年时，我们的经济规模将达到现在的4倍，中产阶级人数将增加2亿人。他们要如何出行？如果没有快速交通工具，2030年的中产阶级将寸步难行：机场拥堵，道路超负荷，特快列车无法快速运送乘客。而高铁可以快速运送乘客，把汽车和飞机甩在身后。

Two centuries ago people would not have comprehended the need for a train. Horses and oxen did their job well. Now, it is hard to imagine India without its railways. We have to now get into the next era of innovation. High speed trains are the future as we can see in Europe and east Asia. They are far more cleaner and convenient than air travel and much more convenient than regular train travel. It would push both business and tourism.

两个世纪以前，人们还不理解火车的必要性。马车牛车也用得好好的。但现在，人们无法想象没有铁路的印度会是什么模样。我们现在必须挺进下一个创新时代。就像我们在欧洲和东亚看到的那样，高铁是未来的趋势。高铁比飞机更清洁、更方便，比普通火车更方便。高铁将推动商业和旅游业的发展。

The same answer also applies to why India invests in Mars missions & lunar landings when some basics like water and electricity needs to be fixed. Of course, we have to invest in the basics too, but this idea of sequentially doing things doesn't always wo rk. We have to build the basics as well as the advanced sciences in parallel.

至于印度现在水电基础设施还不够完善，为什么急着要投资火星任务、要登陆月球，答案也是一样。当然，我们也需要同时投资基建，但先来后到的观点并不适用。基础设施和先进科学的建设必须同时进行。

We have to think both long and short.

We cannot let our present cloud our future.

我们必须既考虑长期目标，也不忘短期任务。

我们不能让现在蒙蔽了未来。