As of 2022, many European countries are increasingly unwilling to share any new technology with China and they also do not have rich resources. Does China still have any hope from them?

2022年了，很多欧洲国家都不太乐意与中国分享新技术，他们也没有丰富的资源。中国还能对他们抱有希望吗？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Paul Denlinger

Lived in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong; fluent in PutonghuaAuthor has 11.5K answers and 54.7M answer viewsFri

The EU is comprised of 27 nations, and each has different economies.

When it comes to technology development, European nations are far behind China, the US, Japan and South Korea. I cannot think of any crucial technology where European nations and companies control the technology chain such as say, the US does with semiconductor technology and production.

欧盟是由27个国家组成的，每个国家的经济情况各不相同。

在科技发展方面，欧洲国家远远落后于中国、美国、日本和韩国。欧洲国家和企业似乎并没有掌握什么关键技术链，像美国就控制着半导体技术和生产。

This is not to say the Europeans do not have any technology contributions; they do, but the Chinese can, for the most part, work around them. If the Chinese cannot work around them, then it is likely that the Chinese will try to develop new technologies to replace them.

虽然这不意味着欧洲人在科技上没有做出过贡献，他们也有贡献，但中国人在很大程度上都有替代方案。如果中国无法解决，很可能会尝试研发新技术，取而代之。

This is what China and Chinese companies like Huawei are doing. American patents largely control the patents dealing with semiconductors and their manufacture, and the Americans have been very aggressive about protecting their companies and national interests, sanctioning Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE. Huawei has responded by increasing research spending on photonics chips, which would completely replace silicon semiconductors. This research on photonics chips and its production equipment is now being done in Wuhan.

中国和华为这样的中国企业就是这么做的。美国在很大程度上控制着与半导体及其制造相关的专利权。美国人非常热衷于保护自己的企业和国家利益，他们制裁了华为和中兴等中国企业。作为回应，华为加大了光子芯片的研究投入，这将完全取代硅半导体。光子芯片及其生产设备的研究正在武汉快速推进。

This raises a very interesting question: If European countries and companies really do not have that much control over key new technologies, why are the European countries unwilling to share them with China? I think the answer is simple: this is a political issue, not a technology or business issue. The US has been going aggressively after China in this field, and it has forced Europeans to adopt the same posture.

On the trade front though, Europeans are heavily dependent on Chinese imports in their daily lives. So Europeans are heavily dependent on China trade for Chinese goods, but the Europeans are sanctioning technologies for China because that is what the Americans told them to do.

这就给我们提出了一个非常有趣的问题：既然欧洲国家和企业对关键新技术并没有那么大的控制权，为什么欧洲国家不愿意与中国分享这些技术？我认为答案很简单：这不是技术活商业方面的问题，这是个政治问题。美国一直对中国穷追猛打，迫使欧洲人也采取了同样的姿态。

不过，在贸易方面，欧洲人在日常生活中严重依赖中国进口商品。因此，欧洲人一边严重依赖对中国商品的贸易，一方面在技术方面制裁中国，因为美国人要求他们这么做。

In short, the Europeans are sanctioning their single largest trading partner. Does that make sense to you? To me, it sounds like the Europeans are acting against their own interests in order to please the Americans.

As for whether China has any hope in Europe, the chinese does not really deal in hope. You have probably heard the saying that hope is not a strategy. Strategy is about dealing with countries as they are.

简而言之，欧洲人正在制裁他们最大的单一贸易伙伴。你觉得这样对吗？在我看来，欧洲人为了讨好美国人，损害了自己的利益。

至于中国对欧洲是否抱有希望，中国对此毫不在意。你可能听过这样一句话：希望不是策略。所谓策略，是不卑不亢地跟所有国家打交道。

Because of the Ukraine war and sanctions on Russian oil and gas, Europe is likely to undergo a very cold and uncomfortable winter. Many Europeans are likely to question EU policy, and the policies of their own governments because of their suffering, and ask whose interests their governments are working for? When this happens, some governments may be forced out of power, and other governments may change their policies in order to survive.

If and when this happens, they may eventually also question why their governments are so hostile against China? What benefit do the Europeans get from their hostility to China?

If that happens, then there will be a dramatic change in China policy.

由于乌克兰战争和针对俄罗斯石油、天然气的制裁，欧洲人民可能会经历一个非常严寒、不太舒服的冬天。许多欧洲人可能会因为他们遭遇的困境而质疑欧盟和本国政府的政策，质疑他们的政府究竟是为了谁的利益而效力？一些政府可能因此被迫下台，另一些政府可能也会为了保住执政权而作出改变。

如果这种情况真的发生，他们可能还会质疑他们的政府为何如此敌视中国？欧洲人能从对中国的敌意中得到什么好处？

如果这种情况发生，欧洲国家的对华政策将发生巨大变化。

Fred Chuatiuco

Former Healthcare CFOAuthor has 3.1K answers and 5.9M answer viewsSat

There is not much that Europe has that China needs except for a prominent few.

On top of the list is the Dutch company ASML so far complying with the ban on China with their EUV machines but not willing to give in to the U.S. push to include even their DUV machines. China’s hope is for ASML to reverse its stand on cooperating with the U.S. . . and this may yet happen if ASML sees this U.S. ban as ultimately killing their globalized industry. Banning Chinese companies has already cut clients who can afford their machines by half. And if the U.S. ban on U.S. companies such as Nvidia and AMD from selling their GPUs to China and denying them their exstential market, pretty soon these companies will not be able to afford ASML machines as well. Without clients and continuing revenue to fund their R&D for their next generation machines, ASML’s fate is written on the toilet walls of the world as China would eventually get their own ASML if forced to as they are now.

欧洲拥有的，同时中国也需要的东西并不多，除了少数几样。

排在首位的是荷兰的阿斯麦公司，他们的EUV光刻机一直遵守了对中国的禁令规定，但他们也不愿向美国让步，限制对华出口DUV光刻机。中国希望阿斯麦改变与美国合作的立场。如果阿斯麦公司认定美国的禁令会扼杀他们的全球化产业，他们可能会作出改变。针对中国企业的禁令使得买得起光刻机的客户减少了一半。如果美国禁止英伟达和AMD等美国公司向中国出售GPU图形芯片，剥夺它们的生存市场，这些公司很快也将买不起阿斯麦的机器了。如果没有客户和持续的收入为新一代设备的研发提供资金，阿斯麦将岌岌可危。因为这种情况得不到改善，中国最终肯定会拥有自己的阿斯麦。

Another sector that China wants participation in is in their EV market. Most prominent is VW. Just like Tesla, these world leading car markers are in the China market because it is their exstential stake in their future. EVs will be replacing ICEs and being left out in the world’s largest market is not an option. China needs them as well to ensure EVs evolve as fast as possible.

Other than these, there is not much new technologies that Europe has that China can’t do without.

中国希望分一杯羹的另一个领域是电动汽车市场。最突出欧洲品牌就是大众。就像特斯拉一样，这些世界一流的汽车品牌进入中国市场，因为中国市场决定了他们未来的命运。电动汽车将取代内燃机汽车，他们绝不甘心失去中国这个全球最大的市场。中国也需要它们来保证电动汽车得以尽可能快地发展。

除此之外，欧洲也没有多少新技术能让中国瞧得上了。

Bill Chen

Lives in SingaporeAuthor has 3.8K answers and 52.2M answer viewsFri

The figures don't support the rhetoric.

This year, China will break all time high in trade surplus this year, with at least 1.5 trillion dollars of total trade coming from the EU and US. In addition, EU and US corporations have been collectively making 1.5-2 trillion dollars in yearly revenue within the Chinese market, the largest single market today.

统计数据并不支持你这种说法。

今年中国的贸易顺差将创历史新高，中国与欧盟和美国的贸易总额至少将达到1.5万亿美元。此外，欧盟和美国企业在中国市场的年总收入已达1.5万亿至2万亿美元，中国是当今全球最大的单一市场。

There is plenty of money to be made in China, and for some household names like the vw group, China is 50 percent of revenue.

In other words, vw (shockingly) generate more sales in china than the rest of the world combined.

Is the best of German carmaking available to the Chinese consumer?

Yes.

Do they see growing demand in China?

Yes.

Most importantly, have they been making money long term from China?

Yes, wildly profitable.

在中国有大量的钱可以赚，对于一些家喻户晓的品牌，如大众集团，中国地区的营收占到了集团总收入的50%。

换句话说，大众在中国创造的销量超过了世界其他地区的总和。

中国消费者能买到最好的德国汽车吗?

是的。

他们认为中国的需求在增长吗?

是的。

最重要的是，长期以来他们从中国赚到钱了吗？

是的，赚得盆满钵满。

Tesla's profits shot to the moon after the Shanghai gigafactory opened. It remains Tesla's key revenue and profit driver, and has transformed its bottomline. From drawing board to production took 12 months.

Speed and scale is the magic of China that any business leader cannot ignore. Say you choose to stay out of China. But the moment your competitor does, his bottomline changes. He will take the lift to the top and capture market share, while you slog up the stairs.

在上海的超级工厂启用后，特斯拉的利润直线飙升。这个工厂是特斯拉收入和利润的主要驱动因素，并创造了特斯拉的历史。从设计草图到产出只花了12个月的时间。

速度和规模是中国独有的魔力，所有企业领导人都无法忽视这一点。如果你不选择中国，但你的竞争对手选了，那么他就将有如搭乘高速电梯那样一步登顶，攫取市场份额，而你只能艰难地沿着楼梯缓慢上行。

What will you choose, especially when stock valuation determines your compensation?

China only needs a handful of competitive options in each segment to make the leap of faith and market forces will do the rest.

That is the inescapable reality.

你会怎么做选择，尤其在你的收入跟公司股票估值挂钩时？

中国只需要在每个细分市场上有几个有竞争力的企业就可以实现信心的飞跃，其余的将由市场力量来完成。

这是无法逃避的现实。

Robert Quek

Former Retired. Prior Employment in Finance SectorAuthor has 1.4K answers and 659.5K answer viewsSat

European companies are not strong enough to resist directions by the US authorities, fearful of threats and punishments, including the safety of their senior managements. European governments are just as weak, unable to support their companies, and meekly submit to the long arm of US extraterritoriality. Here are a few cases in point.

Dutch company ASML was forced to renege on its contract to sell its EUV lithography system to Chinese companies. The system has elements of US technology, or components, or parts.

欧洲企业还没有强大到敢于驳回美国政府的要求，他们害怕威胁，害怕惩罚，也害怕高级领导的安全。欧洲各国政府也都一样软弱无力，无法给本国企业撑腰，只能温顺地屈服于美国治外法权的长臂。我可以举几个例子。

荷兰公司阿斯麦被迫违约，取消向中国公司出售EUV光刻机系统的合同。这个系统包含了一些美国技术，或组件或部件。

US government has issues with Huawei. It cannot tolerate that Huawei is the leader of 5G wireless communications. Europe was forced to abandon it. All the collaborations Deutsche put in with Huawei, all the investigations by the spy agencies like MI5, came to naught.

China partnered Europe to develop the Galileo GPS system. Under pressure from the US, China was side-lined from any access to the critical technology.

美国政府和华为矛盾很深，美国不能容忍华为成为5G无线通信的领导者。欧洲被迫舍弃华为。德意志银行和华为的合作，以及英国军情五处(MI5)等间谍机构的所有商业调查，都前功尽弃。

中国与欧洲合作开发了伽利略GPS系统。在美国的压力下，中国根本没有机会接触关键技术。

China is already advanced in technology, and it is the richest market. Europe would gain much by collaborating with it. But Europe is not independent and fearful of the US. China has no illusion about this. It continues to pursue its technology ambition, on its own, if it is to be.

China built its own supercomputers when Obama banned it from the importation of US parts and components. Several of its supercomputers are ranked in the top-10 in speed and performance.

现在中国拥有先进的技术，还是最富裕的市场。欧洲和中国合作，将获益良多。但欧洲不够独立，惧怕美国。中国对此不抱幻想。只要中国愿意，就将继续依靠自己的力量追求科技目标。

奥巴马禁止中国进口美国零部件时，中国就打造出了自己的超级计算机。中国的几台超级计算机在速度和性能上都能跻身世界前十。

China built its own Beidou GPS after it withdrew from the European Galileo project. The system is gaining traction and customs, and is equal or exceeds the US system in speed and accuracy.

US refused cooperation with China on space technology. China launches its own satellites for all kinds of purposes, and its vehicles have landed on the far side of the moon and Mars.

中国在退出伽利略GPS系统建造了自己的北斗全球定位系统。该系统现在吸引了很多关注和用户，在速度和准确性上都可以和美国媲美，甚至更为优秀。

美国拒绝与中国在太空技术上进行合作。现在中国发射了自己的卫星，中国的飞行器也已成功在月球和火星的背面着陆了。

US did not allow China into the international space station it joint ventured with Russia. China built its own Tiangong space station. It has invited other countries to join, US as well, but on its terms, not the US terms.

Chinese companies are leaders in many fields, such as 5G wireless, green energy, and AI applications, including facial and voice recognitions, fintech and cashless payments. And is advancing on other 21st century foundation technologies, namely, quantum information science, semiconductors, and biotechnology.

美国不允许中国进入美国与俄罗斯合资的国际空间站。中国就建造了自己的天宫空间站。现在中国已经邀请其他国家加入，包括美国，但必须按中国的规矩来。

中国企业在5G无线、绿色能源、人脸和语音识别、金融科技和无现金支付等人工智能应用等许多领域处于领先地位。并正在推进其他21世纪基础技术，即量子信息科学、半导体和生物技术。

China - World Leader.

Answered by David Barry

Author has 3.8K answers and 8.2M answer viewsFri

European technology?

What technology?

No fuel soon and are they stupid enough to isolate themselves even more? Relying on their real enemy the USA? Europe is the centre of vanity and foolishness on this planet.

欧洲技术？

什么技术？

很快就要凉凉了，他们会蠢到让自己孤立无援吗？依赖美国这个真正的敌人？欧洲是这个星球上最虚荣，最愚蠢的。

Jen Ho

Retired State Registered Nurse with 37 years of experience.Author has 6.9K answers and 2.4M answer viewsFri

The Chinese's IQ is among the top 10 in the world, and with her 1.4 billion of people, China is not lacking in brainpowers.

The Chinese has been generating the highest number of patents and they also innovate from old patents which are of their own or they paid for them.

The 5G, 4nm semiconductor chips, the hypersonic missiles technologies are just some of their new inventions.

中国人的智商在世界上排名前十，拥有14亿人口的中国从来都不缺人才。

中国人创造的专利数量是最多的，他们还不断从自己的旧专利中进行创新，也舍得花钱购买专利。

5G、4纳米半导体芯片、高超音速导弹技术只是他们新成就中的一小部分。

China is also rich in non human resources such as coals, agricultural produce, rare earths , etc.

Certainly not all nations aren't sharing their technological advancements with China, because patents can be bought by China. Countries, including some European Union countries are still co sharing technologies with China.

中国还拥有丰富的非人力资源，比如煤炭、农产品、稀土等。

当然，并非所有国家都与中国分享他们的技术进步，因为他们可以把专利卖给中国。但有些国家（包含部分欧盟国家）仍愿意与中享技术。

iao Wen

Lives in ChinaAuthor has 2.4K answers and 803.1K answer viewsSat

Unlike the United States, some of the current contradictions between Europe and China are entirely the result of external control of politics. Economically and technically, the complementarity between China and Europe is far greater than the competition.

When an international politics is divorced from people's livelihood and economic reality, the troubles encountered in Europe will occur. Reality is always more cruel than the result of theoretical reasoning.

跟美国不同的是，目前欧洲和中国之间的一些矛盾完全是政治操控的结果。中欧在经济和技术上的互补性远大于竞争。

如果国际政治脱离了民生和经济现实，就会出现欧洲现在面临的麻烦。现实总是比理论推理的结果更加残酷。

Renee Haridas

60 years observing idiots revealing their idiocy.Author has 603 answers and 408.6K answer viewsSun

If China continues to hope for anything more than a business deal with those vassal states of the American Empire, then the Chinese are fools. And I doubt that the Chinese, as a whole, are that cerebrally challenged.

除了做生意，如果中国还对美国的附庸国抱有希望，那么中国人就是笨蛋。我怀疑中国人，作为一个整体，会那么笨吗？

Allan Kay

Former & Current Ardent Geopolitical ObserverAuthor has 2.2K answers and 1.2M answer viewsFri

Unwillingness is a choice dictated by grudge or duress.

Europeans or anyone else has a price tagged to their creation. Let’s not be hypocritical by saying that it is sharing that you talking about.

China need not hope but to negotiate a price.

Of late Europe has not come out with anything great while China has flooded the patent office with new creations.

欧洲之所以不情愿，是被人因嫉妒、胁迫下令而不得已的选择。

欧洲人和其他人都给他们的科技成果贴上了价格标签。我们不要虚伪地说那是分享。

中国不需要抱希望，只需要谈价格。

欧洲已经很久没有伟大的发明成果问世了，但中国的新发明已经快把专利局塞满了。

Nicolaas Manoppo

Democracy and Human Right Teacher (2019–present)Author has 750 answers and 80.2K answer viewsSat

Sharing should better be done in fairness.

China is manipulating sharing as an access to peek at European technologies, then steal the technologies, then ignore copyrights and patents. Any European country which want to protect its technologies and get fees from the use of its technologies, will be threatened and harrased by China. It will be blocked from China’s market

分享最好是公平公正的。

中国正在利用分享作为窥探欧洲技术的途径，然后窃取技术成果，无视著作权和专利。任何一个欧洲国家，只要想保护自己的技术成果，想收取技术使用费，就会遭受中国的威胁和骚扰，被禁止进入中国市场。

A well known case is China's high-speed trains. Siemens and Mitsubishi own the technologies. China can only use the technologies to the trains sold inside China. However, China is exporting high-speed trains now.

中国的高铁就是个典型例子。西门子和三菱拥有这些技术。中国只能把这些技术运用在中国境内的列车上。但中国把高铁列车出口到了国外。

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