Why China is still the 'World's Factory'

为什么中国仍是“世界工厂”

In 2021, a host of companies said they will stop manufacturing in China. A year on, those brands are still outsourcing from China. Which brands are these? Why is it so tough for them to let go of China?

2021年，很多公司表示将停止在中国生产。一年过去了，这些品牌仍在中国外包业务。这都是哪些品牌？为什么让他们放弃中国这么难?

以下是印度网民的评论：

Nittin Sudhakaran

I think we should add 2 more points there

1. Ease of setting up manufacturing ( supportive ecosystem and much less $$$ under the table dealing)
2. Political stability  not saying it’s a good thing but it reduces risk.

应该再加两点

1. 建立工厂的便利性，支持性生态系统和少得多的私下交易

2. 政治稳定不是说这是好的，但它降低了风险。

Anindya Bagchi

Education, skill levels, professionalism, work culture and competitiveness of Indian workers in general are way below world class standards. We need to urgently integrate our education to world standards and fix accountability for education outcomes - and that holds good for learning and testing. We have so many good models around us to follow like Singapore, UK and USA.

总体而言，印度工人的教育、技能水平、专业精神、工作文化和竞争力远低于国际水平。我们迫切需要将我们的教育与世界标准接轨，并建立教育成果的问责制，适用于学习和考试。我们周围有很多好的模式可以效仿，比如新加坡、英国和美国。

Bitcoin Cafe

I know there are small factories who try to avoid rules. But big manufacturers in China already follow all the regulations as much as they can. I know this first hand because I manufactured my products in China for many years. And I have people on the ground to control all the process. My family and I have been living in China Mainland for over 8 years. The government also very strict about these things, especially child labor. They care about making the next generation to be better not worse.

我知道有一些小工厂试图规避规章制度。但中国的大型工厂已经尽可能地遵守了所有的规定。我有亲身经历，因为我在中国生产产品很多年了。我派人在现场监管整个生产过程。我和我的家人已经在中国大陆生活了8年多。政府对这些事情也很严格，尤其是童工。他们关心的是让下一代变得更好，而不是更糟。

Pranav Garg

I think the policies of these companies will be CHINA+1(which includes countries like India,Vietnam etc.) so that these companies can diversify their supply chain and not only dependent on china. They are not going to leave china entirely.

我认为这些公司的政策将是中国+1(包括印度、越南等国家)，这些公司就可以实现供应链多元化，而不是只依赖中国。他们不会完全离开中国的。

Tresphore Mpundu

There are even more reasons beyond the one's mentioned that makes China an idea location for business. And child labour is no longer a common scene in China anymore,they have been tangible improvements in various sectors of the economy. This is evident from all people living in China and foreign governments and the officials have spoken about this.

除了上面提到的，还有更多的原因使中国成为理想的经商地点。童工在中国不再是普遍现象，已经在经济的各个部门得到了切实的改善，这一点是显而易见的，在中国生活的所有人、外国政府和官员都谈到过。

Nirmal Kumar

It's no longer cheap labour that drives companies to china. As Tim Cook himself said it's the quality of labour and efficiency of manufacturing. Companies didnot say they will leave China completely, they will only create alternate supply chains but China still will be major country to manufacture

推动企业迁往中国的不再是廉价劳动力，正如蒂姆·库克所说，关键在于劳动力的质量和制造业的效率。这些公司没有说他们会完全离开中国，他们只会创建替代供应链，但中国仍将是主要的制造国

david 88

FYI those leaving China were merely production lines and only account for 20% , the core business are still in China ...

Main reasons China has best infrastructures , complete supply chain, huge market with strong purchasing power , second largest economy and largest trading partner to 160 countries  ....

离开中国的只是生产线，只占20%，核心业务仍然在中国…

主要原因是中国有最好的基础设施、完整的供应链、庞大的市场、强大的购买力，中国是第二大经济体，是160个国家的最大贸易伙伴。

Steve A

If only the cheap labour costs were reflected in the price you pay but in reality cheap labour= high profits margin because of the high price they charge the customer

如果廉价的劳动力成本反映在你支付的价格上就好了，但实际上，廉价劳动力=高利润率，因为他们向客户收取的价格很高

Rajanathan C

Not only those brands , lot of appliance and OEMs companies buy parts and made investments on tools. It is not easy to again replicate other geography

不仅是这些品牌，很多家电和OEM公司也购买零部件，并在工具上进行投资。要再次复制其他地区并不容易

hehehe

If political tensions or a major war escalate between USA and china.. what will these investors and companies do? Putting all the eggs in one basket is not a good idea, these companies needs to diversify ASAP.

如果美国和中国之间的政治紧张局势或大规模战争升级，这些投资者和公司会怎么做？把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里不是一个好主意，这些公司需要尽快实现多元化。

G Periaswami

Work culture,discipline,infrastructure,timely delivery,educational level of eople,meritocracy are the major factors in kee the cost of production low in China.

工作文化、纪律、基础设施、及时交货、人们的教育水平、精英管理是中国保持低生产成本的主要因素。

Debayan Sarkar

No matter what the companies say to you on your face, the companies have a greater interest in profit margins. That is what Businesses are mainly intended for. So people need to understand this reality in fact.

不管这些公司当着你的面说什么，他们对利润率的兴趣更大。这就是商业的主要目的。人们需要了解这个事实。

John Stewart

Keep it up! Just tells me what products not to buy, and where not to shop!

坚持下去！告诉我不该买什么产品，不该去哪里买！

iShadow Marshall

Efficiency is a word that economist and businessmen admire.

效率是经济学家和商人所推崇的。

King

Even if these international companies move out of China, majority of them won’t be coming to the de ocratic India, instead they go to

Vietnam or Bangladesh etc…so it is not a matter of de ocracy or not…it is a matter of costs and profits…also factors such as infrastructure, education/skillsets and no non-sense of red tapes…

即使这些外国公司离开中国，他们中的大多数也不会去印度，而是去了越南或孟加拉国。所以这不是民 主与否的问题，而是成本和利润的问题，还有基础设施、教育/技能等因素，还有没有无意义的繁文缛节。

Anna Sillanpaa

The pay in China has increased 14 times is it in 20 or 30 years and is among highest in emerging markets in China. So, I don't think that it is generally cheaper, rather is more expensive than most emerging market countries in Asia for pay. I think Chinese people are hardworking & good team players, so productivity may still be rather good for the pay.

在过去二三十年里，中国的薪酬增长了14倍，是新兴市场中最高的之一。所以，我认为中国的薪酬并非普遍更便宜，反而比亚洲大多数新兴市场国家更高。我认为中国人工作勤奋，善于团队合作，所以生产力对得起这份工资。

poonam oberoi

well each country can learn what makes china a world factory to boost the product promotion  or club the  best marketing practices ,   with the m anufacturing  units visions to be the country's own factories.

每个国家都可以学习是什么使中国成为世界工厂的，促进产品推广、掌握最佳的营销实践，制造单位的愿景是成为自己国家的工厂。

Sudhakar Rane

Please do the same reviewof Indian market and also explain why such Company should look India as alternativ to India.

请对印度市场进行同样的评估，并解释为什么这些公司应该将印度视为替代选择。

Samuel Iluyemi

You've just convinced me to invest in china. These figures are damn good.

说服了我去中国投资。这些数据真是太好了。

Ashiyr Rabah

big tax of U.S. that's why Branded Company left U.S.

美国的税收高，这就是品牌公司离开美国的原因

Chintan Goswami

It’s not going to happen overnight but other economies like India, Vietnam and Thailand are Malaysia are already working towards it, but it’s going to take a while before they can replace China.

这不会在一夜之间发生，但印度、越南、泰国和马来西亚等其他经济体已经在朝着这个方向努力，但要取代中国还需要一段时间。

Klouuo

I think you can spent more time to also research why companies are not flocking to India that enthusiastically from perspectives other than politics. The robustness and competitiveness lies with the reliable and competitive Chinese workforce. Business care about these more than other stuff.

我认为你可以从政治以外的角度来研究为什么这些公司不那么热情涌入印度。稳健和竞争力在于中国有可靠和有竞争力的劳动力。比起其他东西，企业更关心这些。

Lesego Mabiletsa

Manufacturing costs(reasonable) and biggest factor is skill and factory set up

制造成本(合理)，最大的因素是技术和工厂设立

RedFireTree

most people do not know, for those factories moved to Vietnam, for example, the 80% of the value of the products are still belong to China, but labeled as Made in Vietnam, then 80% of profit sent back to China, Vietnam only get labor cost, which is tiny in the whole product value.

大多数人都不知道，那些搬到越南的工厂，80%的产品价值仍然属于中国，但贴上了越南制造的标签，然后80%的利润送回中国，越南只得到人工成本，这在整个产品价值中是很小的。

Sudhir Das

Its because of the manufacturing ecosystem China has created over past decade. In simple example we humans like to live where vegetable market and water source is nearby. Same is with manufacturing companies. China has raw materials, cheap labour and they have built an ecosystem in manufacturing. It will take some time for other countries to do what China did. Eventually a day will come when every company will try to have a secondary option. India, Vietnam and other Asian countries have that potential.

这是因为中国在过去十年创造了制造业生态系统。举个简单的例子，我们人类喜欢住在菜市场和水源附近，制造业企业也是如此。中国有原材料、廉价劳动力，还建立了制造业生态系统。其他国家效仿中国，还需要一些时间。最终有一天，每个公司都会尝试有第二选择。印度、越南和其他亚洲国家有这样的潜力。

gjp

With a larger and richer consumer group, China's market has expanded its charm to global companies, as they have boosted their presence to meet Chinese consumers' evolving demand over the past decade.  

China is now the world's second-largest consumer market, boasting a middle-income group of over 400 million people. Retail sales of consumer goods were 44.1 trillion yuan (about 6.97 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2021, seeing an increase of 1.1 times, compared with 2012.   7:06

Source: inhua News

随着中国消费群体的扩大和富裕，中国市场对全球企业的吸引力也在提升，因为这些企业已经扩大了在华业务，以满足中国消费者在过去10年不断提升的需求。

中国现在是世界第二大消费市场，拥有超过4亿的中等收入群体。2021年社会消费品零售总额为44.1万亿元，比2012年增长1.1倍。

Yan Yuan

Total high speed rail network as of 2021:

China= 49,000 km

India = 0 km

截至2021年，高铁网络长度：

中国： 49000公里

印度：0公里

Bhāratavarsha

Money dictates everything in this era of world!

在这个时代，金钱决定一切！

Oracool

of course if companies leave China, who stands to gain? Definitely one of these countries would be India. And then some years down the line, we will be talking about the discrimination in India too. And there's plenty to talk about.

如果企业离开中国，谁会受益？其中一个国家肯定是印度。再过几年，我们也会讨论印度的歧视问题，有很多可以聊的。

Bjarne

It's because they have the most and modern factories, it's a relationship that has been built up over 30 years. They have a very good if not the best logistic arrangement in roads, railway etc. And an insane large workforce

这是因为他们有最现代化的工厂，这种关系已经建立了30多年。他们在公路、铁路疏通了物流，即使不是最好的，还有庞大的劳动力大军

jason monge

China is also the major consumer of those brands!! So China has the factories and the consumers.. leaving China means losing their buggest customer as well!! You get it now???

中国也是这些品牌的主要消费者！所以中国有工厂和消费者，离开中国意味着失去他们最大的客户！你们现在明白了吗？

T M

Chinese citizens have been lifted financially into the middle class. Therefore China's base of consumers is huge due to lifting their people out of poverty.

中国公民在经济上已跻身中产阶级行列。因此，中国的消费者基数是巨大的，他们的人民摆脱了贫困。