事实和虚构：巴基斯坦不得不接受关于1971年印巴战争的事实

Fact vs fiction: Pakistan must accept the uncomfortable truths about the 1971 war

事实 vs 虚构：巴基斯坦必须接受关于1971年战争的事实

The 1971 War, which culminated in the birth of Bangladesh, has been one of the most difficult histories for Pakistan to contend with. Textbooks brush over the subject, packaging a complex and nuanced history into a few paragraphs, and mainstream discourse on 1971 is limited if not absent, with efforts to sincerely reflect on the past curbed. Yet, it would be a mistake to argue that there is a blanket silencing of 1971.

1971年的战争以孟加拉国的诞生为高潮，这是巴基斯坦最难应对的历史之一。教科书对此轻描淡写，将一段复杂而微妙的历史打包成几个段落，而关于1971年的主流论述即使不缺席，也是有限的，真诚反思过去的努力受到限制。然而，如果认为对于1971是全面沉默的，那就错了。

The split between what were then known as East and West Pakistan is engraved into state consciousness, defining internal as well as regional policies and the national imagination. Most recently, General Qamar Javed Bajwa made reference to the 1971 war in his final public address as army chief, where he applauded the army’s bravery and termed the war a “political failure” as opposed to a “military one” — a rather futile distinction given the military was at the political helm at the time.

当时所谓的东巴基斯坦和西巴基斯坦之间的分裂深深铭刻在国家意识中，定义了内部以及地区政策和民族想象。最近，Qamar Javed Bajwa将军在他作为陆军参谋长的最后一次公开讲话中提到了1971年战争，他赞扬了军队的勇敢，并将这场战争称为“政治上的失败”，而不是“军事上的失败”——考虑到当时军方在政治上掌权，这种区分相当徒劳。

State-sanctioned narrative

国家批准的叙事

The year 1971 is both too recent to be forgotten and too painful to be remembered. It occupies the liminal space between this desire to forget and the compulsion to remember for the state defines the parameters of what can be said and what remains unsayable.

1971年太近了，无法被遗忘，也太痛苦了，难以被铭记。它占据了遗忘的欲望和记忆的强迫之间的界限，这种状态定义了什么可以说，什么不能说的参数。

Fifty-one years after the war, official discourse reveals and conceals selective aspects of the past, carefully crafting narratives that hide inconvenient histories while reinforcing national narratives. These efforts are of course not unique to Pakistan; several states use different techniques to “cope” with or deny histories at odds with national ideological frameworks, producing sanitised, purified, and digestible interpretations — or distortions — of the past.

二战结束51年后，官方话语揭示和掩盖了过去的某些方面，精心设计的叙事既掩盖了令人不快的历史，又强化了国家叙事。这些努力当然不是巴基斯坦独有的;一些国家使用不同的方法来“处理”或否认与国家意识形态框架不一致的历史，对过去进行消毒、净化和易于理解的解释(或扭曲)。

In Pakistan’s case too, there are some common techniques that can be found across different mediums, including state-endorsed textbooks, military memories and museums. The result is not an absolute amnesia, but rather a partial and carefully guarded evocation of 1971.

以巴基斯坦为例，也有一些常见的方式可以在不同的媒介中找到，包括国家认可的教科书、军事记忆和博物馆。其结果并不是绝对的失忆，而是对1971年的部分而谨慎的回忆。

巴基斯坦黎明报读者的评论：

Haqim

Thanks for highlighting the painful truth Pakistan establishment works hard to conceal. We need to be aware of how Pakistan failed it's eastern part by negating them their rights.

It's time to apologize sincerly, recongnize the mistakes and crimes committed and learn from the past. Only through true reflection, the mistakes can be avoided in future and a peaceful coexstence may become possible.

谢谢你指出了巴基斯坦当权者努力隐瞒的痛苦真相。我们需要意识到巴基斯坦否定东部地区的权利，辜负了他们。

是时候真诚地道歉，承认所犯的错误和罪行，并从过去吸取教训。只有通过真正的反思，才能避免今后的错误，和平共处才有可能。

M Saeed

"In the case of 1971, the people’s struggle for autonomy and independence is framed as an Indian conspiracy to fracture Pakistan."

But same is happening now, in all provinces and Azad Kashmir, under the PTI?

1971年，巴基斯坦人民争取自治和独立的斗争被诬陷为印度分裂巴基斯坦的阴谋。但同样的事情现在正在发生，在PTI领导下的所有省份和自由克什米尔，

93K Teacups

Common and incorrect excuse by Pakistan is that Pakistani forces were only 34k and were out numbered, not true! acknowledged independent history records show 90K pows, infact largest surrender post ww2. Fact is, it was actually India that was disadvantaged, sandwiched between Pakistani forces attacking from 2 fronts! Plus India also had China in the north! Time to Accept reality that Pakistan is no match!

巴基斯坦常用的借口是，巴基斯坦军队只有3.4万人，人数不足，这不是真的！公认的历史记录显示有9万名战俘，这实际上是二战后最大规模的投降人数。事实上，印度处于不利地位，被夹在从两条战线进攻的巴基斯坦军队中间！另外，印度的北方还有中国虎视眈眈！是时候接受现实了，巴基斯坦不是印度的对手!

pervez ilahi

the rape of Bengali women used as a weapon of war is not highlighted or admitted to by most Pakistanis I know. lastly Indira Gandhis attempts to have America rein in Pakistani troops was mocked by Nixon and Kissinger leading to Russia aligning with india

我认识的大多数巴基斯坦人都不提及或承认强奸孟加拉妇女作为战争武器的事实。最后，英迪拉·甘地试图让美国控制巴基斯坦军队，遭到尼克松和基辛格的嘲笑，导致俄罗斯与印度结盟

Frank

Bengal separated because we tried to impose Hindi-Urdu on them. We never learn our lesson, ever.

孟加拉分裂出去是因为我们试图把印地语-乌尔都语强加给他们。我们从来没有吸取教训，从来没有。

Vish Nenmeli

Excellent article. No matter how bitter it is, in order to get over the past, first it needs to be faced "head-on".

False narratives will only poison the minds of the current and the future generations.

Coming clean, even if it is very painful, is the first step in the healing process.

The future generations of both Pakistan and Bangladesh will reap great benefits, if the Pakistani state comes out with courage and acknowledges the events of 1971 as they were.

好文章。无论多么痛苦，要想从过去中走出来，首先要“正视”过去。

虚假的叙述只会毒害当代人和后代的思想。坦白吧，即使非常痛苦，这也是治愈过程的第一步。

如果巴基斯坦有勇气站出来承认1971年的事件，巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的后代都将获得极大的好处。

We need to tell our children the truth not only about what happed in 1971 but also about the events which led to 1971.

我们不仅要告诉我们的孩子1971年发生的事情的真相，而且要告诉他们是什么导致1971年事件的发生。

Talaash Aman

Why remember that which must not be forgotten

不能忘记的东西为什么要去记？

Gary

Pakistan's ENTIRE history is full of falsehoods which are now becoming more apparant at the state is close to collapse.

巴基斯坦的整个历史充满了谎言，这些谎言现在变得越来越明显，这个国家正接近崩溃。

Abdul Rahman

One can forget history but history will not forget them.

And remember those who forget history repeats it.

人们可以忘记历史，但历史不会忘记他们。那些忘记历史的人，历史会重演。

Rafiq

Unfortunately this will never happen otherwise the edifice built on lies and hypocrisy will crumble to dust. This is why Pakistan keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over again and will keep doing it for the next 75 years

不幸的是，这永远不会发生，否则建立在谎言和虚伪之上的大厦将化为灰烬。这就是为什么巴基斯坦一遍又一遍地重复同样的错误，并将在未来75年继续这样做

Poky

Truth has no place in the society..

真相在社会中没有立足之地。

Pakman

Let’s face it West Pakistan at the time never really accepted East Pakistan rather the Bangla community, West bullying, and misplaced superiority complex did not sit well with Bangla diaspora. That’s why Mujibur Rahman was not accepted by the politicians including Z. A. Bhutto and disallowed by the Armed Forces of the West.

让我们面对事实吧，当时西巴基斯坦从未真正接受过东巴基斯坦，更别提孟加拉社区，西巴基斯坦的欺凌和错位的优越感让孟加拉的侨民无法接受。这就是为什么穆吉布·拉赫曼不被包括布托在内的政治家所接受，也不被西方武装部队所接受。

myview

Time for soul searching

是时候进行深刻的自我反省了

Plastikman

Interesting and eye opening article

有趣的文章，大开眼界！

Tufail

As always, we never accept our mistakes and blame the world.

一如既往，我们从不承认自己的错误，反而责怪其他人。

Ahmeds

The fundamental question remains unanswered why Bengali wanted to separate when they joined Pakistan willingly in the first place?