Why is India the largest engineer producing country?

为什么印度是工程师培养人数最多的国家？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Arshad Ahmed

India has the lowest cost of producing an engineer. With the rise in demand of software engineers the gender gap is also closing in. By becoming an engineer the scope of earning in richer countries is high. At one time, about 5–6 decades ago, only medical doctors had opportunity to work in rich countries like UK. USA etc but now opportunities for engineers especially the software engineers has tremendously increased.

印度培养工程师的成本是最低的。随着全世界对软件工程师需求的增加，性别差距也在缩小。作为工程师可以在富裕国家获得较高收入。曾经有一段时间，大约五六十年前，只有医生有机会在英国这样的富裕国家工作。但现在工程师，尤其是软件工程师的机会急剧增加。

Gourav Singh

The reason is simple!

The high level of competition automatically ensured high-quality engineers flooding out to ensure India caught up with the world with respect to establishing an industrial framework for the future. People would repeatedly tell their children- study engineering, get a job and help build India.

原因很简单！

激烈的竞争下自然能涌现出大批高质量的工程师，使得印度有能力在打造未来工业框架方面赶上世界水平。印度家长会不厌其烦地告诉他们的孩子——学习工程学，找份工作建设印度。

I must study politics and war that my sons may have the liberty to study mathematics and philosophy. My sons ought to study mathematics and philosophy, geography, natural history, naval architecture, navigation, commerce, and agriculture, in order to give their children a right to study painting, poetry, music, architecture, statuary, tapestry, and porcelain.

-- John Adams, founding father of America

我必须学习政治和战争，这样我的儿子们才能有学习数学和哲学的自由。我的儿子们应该学习数学和哲学、地理、博物学、造船学、航海学、商学和农学，这样才能保证他们的孩子学习绘画、诗歌、音乐、建筑、雕塑、挂画和瓷器的权利。

——约翰·亚当斯，美国国父

The allure of Engineering is not just in India but in many other develo countries, including China.

We are building an enormous number of new roads and buildings, which require civil engineers.

We are building a lot of factories and upgrading exsting ones, which require industrial/mechanical engineers.

We are creating our computing infrastructure for automating most processes that require computer engineers.

工程学的魅力不仅体现在印度，包括中国在内的许多其他发展中国家也是如此。

我们正在建造大量的新道路和新建筑，这就需要土木工程师。

我们正在建设大量的工厂，升级现有的工厂，这就需要工业/机械工程师。

我们正在打造我们的计算机基础设施，因为大部分自动化进程需要计算机工程师。

But when they now that there not many quality engineers? Why do they still building colleges for engineering?

但是他们是何时意识到高素质的工程师不够用？为什么他们还在建工程学院?

The same reason why we build arts, commerce and science colleges. In all these streams, only the top 2-5% get a quality education. The problem is not in engineering, but the quality problem is there in all streams.

What can be done to improve the quality of the remaining 95-98 % of students?

这和我们建设艺术、商业和科学学院的原因是一样的。在所有这些流中，只有前2% -5%的人能接受到优质教育。问题的根源不在于工程学，而在于教学质量。

怎样才能提高剩下的95- 98%的学生的素质呢?

One possible option, which can be implemented quickly IMO is the faculty in other Engineering colleges can follow and provide students with NPTEL/MIT video lectures and courses than teaching themselves in the classroom.

在我看来，其他工程学院的教师可以效仿一种做法，为学生提供NPTEL/MIT的视频讲座和课程，而不是自己在课堂上进行教学。

Tejwant Navalkar

There are various factors that can be attributed to the fact that India produces a large number of Engineers:

印度能够培养出大量工程师的原因有很多：

Traditionally, Indian middle class and lower class largely believe that getting good education for their children is an asset which guarantees a reasonable secure future. Engineering happens to be one such stream.

In India children continue to stay with their parents upto their marriage or sometimes even after marriage. This implies that expensive education is sponsored by the parents. Children do not have to work and earn to learn.

传统的印度中产阶级和下层阶级普遍认为，让孩子接受良好的教育是一笔财富，可以让孩子拥有稳定有保障的未来。工程专业恰好就是这样一种选择。

在印度，孩子会一直和父母住在一起，直到他们结婚，有时甚至结婚后还继续同住。这意味着父母需要为孩子支付昂贵的教育费用。而孩子们无需为了上学而打工挣钱。

Most of the families in India provide stable environment for children to pursue stress free higher education, especially in difficult streams like engineering and medicine.

Parents take active interest in the students education and project work, especially at the primary and secondary school level.

在印度，大多数家庭为孩子提供稳定的环境，让他们无忧无虑地接受高等教育，尤其是在工程和医学等难度较高的领域。

家长非常关注学生的学习和课题研究，尤其是在小学和中学阶段。

Unlike the US or the Western world, students who are good in maths and science are not looked at as “nerds” or strange and not mocked for their academic inclinations.

Inspite of all its shortcomings, the Indian Primary and Secondary education is of a high level, with students being exposed to large amount of varied topics and take up to maths and science quite easily. The tuition and extra classes that most attend in school reinforces the basic essentials. No wonder that an average Indian outscores the locals either in the US or Europe at the masters level.

和美国或西方国家不同，数学和科学成绩好的学生不会被看做“书呆子”或怪人，也不会因为他们爱学习而遭到嘲笑。

尽管有这样那样的不足，印度的小学和中学教育水平还是很高的，学生可以接触到大量不同的选题，能轻松学好数学和科学。大多数学生都在学校参加补习班，进一步加强了他们的实力。难怪印度人在硕士阶段的平均得分要高于美国或欧洲当地人。

English is taught very early in school and therefore the students at the graduation level do not find shifting to this new language easily.

Lastly the sheer numbers of our population ensures that large numbers of engineers are produced each year.

学校很早就开始教英语了，所以大学生不会有语言问题。

最后，印度庞大的人口数量确保了每年都会新增大量的工程师。

Many people believe that though large number of engineers are available, they are not employable. I would like to point out here that the Industry today as with all of us, want a quick fix solution for everything. They want an Engineer to work like a plug and play device. We must note that engineering is a vast field and multiple disciplines within engineering and to add to this newer innovations are happening daily. The 4 year Engineering course is to be considered as an orientation to basic fundamentals. Industry must invest time in honing the basic skills of raw engineers.

许多人认为，虽然有大量的工程师，但他们眼高手低干不了活。在这里我想说的是，工业界想要一个能快速解决所有问题的解决方案。他们希望工程师能够像即插即用设备一样无缝对接工作。但我们必须明白，工程是一个非常广阔的领域，有众多学科，每天都有新的创新。4年的工程学课程只能进行基础的学习。工业界必须投入时间来磨练初级工程师的基本技能。

Arunkumar Balwantrao Patki

As a nation, India has been always leading in imparting education to its citizens, including engineering branch.

作为一个国家，印度在教育公民方面一直处于领先地位，包括工程学科。

The latest trend by CBSE in introducing Artificial Intelligence in the school curriculum for 8th, 9th and 10th standards classes (with Python) is another step. Thus, ALL MOST ALL high school students who pass out the Matriculation exam in June 2022 will have enough background and familiarity with AI (emphasis of syllabus is on NLP, Computer Vision, Neural Networks).

So your query “Why” is a part of culture.

中等教育委员会最近将人工智能引入8、9和10年级的标准课程(使用Python编程语言)。由此，2022年6月通过大学入学考试的所有高中学生都将拥有足够的人工智能背景和熟悉度(教学大纲的重点是NLP、计算机视觉和神经网络)。

所以你的这个“为什么”问题正是印度文化的一部分。

Himanshu Bharti

Thanks for A2A.

谢邀。

We all are very well aware of the fact that India is producing thousands of engineers every year but are these engineers really the “engineers”? Do they all possess some great skills? Are they all able to be employed? NO. I must say that almost 70–80% of them are the “engineers by degree” only. India is failing to produce any engineering marvel because of the following reasons:

我们都很清楚，印度每年培养成千上万的工程师，但这些工程师是名副其实的“工程师”吗？他们有什么突出的技能吗？他们有实际的工作能力吗？不，他们没有。我必须要说，他们中几乎有70-80%的人只是“有学位的工程师”。印度没能创造出任何工程奇迹，原因如下：

Overhyped engineering culture

Myths in society about engineering

Highly interested in placement packages instead of gaining something

Poor pattern of education system in the colleges

Less interest in researches

Most importantly, huge interest in becoming a slave in a reputed organization/company

过度追捧工程师的文化

社会上关于工程师的盲目迷恋

大家只对工作收入感兴趣，不想学习经验

高校教育体制模式不够健全

大家对科研不感兴趣

最重要的是，大家都一心想着把自己卖身给知名机构/公司

Ankit Raturi

Indians aspire of getting the highest paid job i.e. job of an engineer. Pursuing engineering in fact has become a mass culture in the country

Everyone focuses on getting a job, most of the people do not think about providing jobs i.e. through entrepreneurship.

印度人渴望得到收入最高的工作，比如工程师的工作。事实上，在这个国家，对工程师的向往已经成为一种社会文化。

每个人都一心只想找工作，大多数人都没有考虑过为别人提供就业机会，比如创业。

The students are forced into Engineering and Medicals, by the parents due to the social pressure developed around of getting best jobs through best education, even without having the knowledge of their area of interest. Everyone can't become an engineer or doctor.

父母出于接受好教育、找份好工作的社会压力，不顾孩子的兴趣所在，强迫孩子学习工程和医学专业。但是并非每个人都能成为工程师或医生。

Earlier, if anybody wanted a bachelor's degree he used to pursue arts or a general science degree. Today the trend has changed. Engineering degree today has become like a general degree in India like degree of Arts (B.A.) or Science degree (B.sc.) used to be earlier. Today if anybody just needs a bachelor's degree he pursues engineering not for the sake of engineering and solving problems but just for the sake of acquiring a bachelor's degree.

早些年如果有人想要学士学位，他会去攻读艺术或基础科学学位。现在可就大不相同了。今天在印度，工程学位变成了一个非常普遍的学位，就像以前的文学学位或科学学位一样。现在如果有人只想要一个学士学位，他选择工程学并不是为了进入工程行业，也不是为了解决问题，而只是为了获得一张学士学位证书。

Such students are engineer on paper but turn out to be photographer, dancer, actor, singer, teacher, banker, administrator and what not. Only a few of them pursue career in engineering ahead. So today India doesn't produces a large numbers of Engineers but in fact it produces a large of engineering degree holders who are basically a generalist and not an engineer.

这样的学生只是有证书的工程师，最后却成了摄影师、舞蹈家、演员、歌手、教师、银行家、管理人员等等。他们中只有少数人会投身工程事业。所以今天印度并没有培养出大量的工程师，只是培养了大量的工程学位持有者，他们基本上是个通才，但绝不是工程师。

Sarsij Nayanam

Short Answer: Two Factors - A) Everyone’s parents knew about only two professions in this whole world under the sun - Doctor & Engineer. And since Government of India refused to increase the number of Medical Colleges, the only option left for them was - Engineering for their Kids. B) They heard a lot of stories of those ‘imaginary’ brother or uncle or neighbor who got an exceptional job after finishing his engineering, and that ‘imaginary’ person is possibly working in USA right now.

简单点回答：两个因素：A)所有父母眼里只有两个职业—医生和工程师。因为印度政府不肯增加医学院的数量，他们唯一的选择就是为他们的孩子学习工程专业。B)他们听了太多哥哥、叔叔或邻居读完工程专业找到一份好工作的故事，这些人现在可能正在美国工作。

Longer Answer: There can be no bigger bankruptcy of an Educational System which allowed the intake of 10 Lakh students in its engineering colleges without even thinking once about what would these 10 Lakh students do in a country like India where there are jobs not even for 1 Lakh engineering graduates every year.

往细了说：没有比印度更烂的教育系统了，他们录取了100万名学生进入工程学院，压根不考虑这100万名学生在印度这样的国家能做什么，印度一年也提供不了10万个工程类的工作岗位。

This whole Engineering degree factories have come up in the wake of the IT boom witnessed by India in late 1990s. And hence the next few generations have been forced to face the brunt of the mis-calculation done by their parents.

所有工程学位的批量生产工厂都是在印度20世纪90年代末IT业景气之后出现的。在那之后的几代人都被迫忍受父母误判的冲击。

The situation won’t improve until AICTE forces the un-necessary colleges to shut-down engineering courses or reduce seats by 70–80% in each and every branch. The students coming out are absolutely UNEMPLOYABLE (this is the most saddening truth of almost 90% engineering colleges in this country).

这种情况不会得到改善，除非教育委员会强制某些大学关闭工程类课程，或在每个分校减少70-80%的工程类学位。工程类专业毕业的学生是绝对找不到工作的(这正是印度几乎90%的工程学院不得不面对的最可悲的事实)。

So, while you want to know why there are so many Engineering pass-outs in this country, the best answer can be given only by your parents or elders who used to tell you that - Engineering Kar Lo, Bahut Scope Hai …. !

所以，如果你想知道为什么印度有这么多工程专业的学生，最好的答案会是你的父母或长辈告诉你的—学工程，赚大钱！