Quora：中国的医院怎么样，公立医院更好还是私立更好，外国人在中国的就医体验

What are the hospitals like in China?

中国的医院怎么样？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Blobby

They are very well equipped and well staffed, but usually crowded, perhaps even *very* crowded. I’ve been to several ‘public’ ones.

医院设备和医护都很好，但人很多，甚至“爆多”。我曾去过几家公立医院。

There are private hospitals too, though, and they’re better on a superficial level - ie fewer people, and more organised - but I don’t think they’re any better in expertise. They don’t always have the equipment and hire the equipment from the Chinese hospitals (I’ve had an MRI, CT, and some sensor pins stuck in me [to test some nerves were working] at a Chinese hospital when I had insurance covered by the private hospital).

中国也有私立医院，表面上看私立医院会更好——比如人更少，更有序——但我认为私立医院的专业度并没有胜过公立医院。他们的医疗设备不够充足，只能从公立医院租用设备（我在一家公立医院做过核磁共振成像、CT，在身上安装了几个传感器，检查某些神经功能是否正常，但我有私立医院的保险）

When I had a CT scan a few years ago, they had scan printers that patients could use (for a price), out in the waiting room. I thought that was quite interesting and/or modern.

几年前我做CT时，候诊室里还有扫描打印机供病人使用(收费)，这还挺现代的，很有意思。

Suseela Ravi

Are big hospitals better hospitals?

Not necessarily. What's your definition of better? Good infrastructure alone doesn't guarantee better care. Most of the government hospitals are big, but quality of care is wanting. It's a combination of factors—enough well qualified doctors and nurses, strong administration to run the hospital efficiently, availability of equipment required to provide best care possible and sufficient beds and clean environment—that determine the hospital's strength. Their reputation draws patients even if the care is expensive.

大医院就一定更好吗？

不一定。你对好不好的定义是什么呢？设备本身并不能保证更好的医疗水平。大多数公立医院都很大，但护理质量差强人意。决定医院水平的因素包括：医生和护士拥有资质且人数充足、高效管理、提供优质护理所需的设备、充足的床位和干净的环境。即便医疗费用昂贵，他们的口碑也吸引了病患前往。

Hareendran A Menon

Do hospitals have a Quarantine in China?

Every hospital has at least one isolation ward to take care of 2–6 patients. Coronovirus overcrowded all hospitals whereby China built a hospital in one week! Excess suspect patients had to be kept in hotels. Unfortunately China’s one coronavirus quarantine hotel collapse and kills 10 persons in observation.

中国的医院有隔离区吗?

每所医院至少有一个隔离病房，可照顾2-6名病人。冠状病毒让各家医院人满为患，中国只用了一周时间就建起了一家医院！疑似病例必须在酒店隔离。但很不幸，中国之前有一家疫情隔离酒店发生了倒塌事故，造成10人死亡。

Robert Vannrox

How do I know if a hospital in China is good?

Most Chinese hospitals are pretty good.

I (and my family) have had numerous medical issues, some of a very serious nature, and the Chinese hospitals were very professional and handled them quite well. Being used to United States medial care I can make these following general statements…

我怎么判断中国哪家医院好不好？

中国大多数医院都很不错。

我和我的家人有很多健康问题，有些非常严重，中国的医院非常专业，处理得很好。我之前习惯了美国的医疗护理方式，所以我就大概说说…

The overall quality of care is uniform throughout China.

The more rural hospitals will not be as nice (appearing) as the city hospitals, but the care will be identical.

You will be provided with both Western medicine and Western treatments, alongside Traditional Chinese treatments.

中国各地医疗服务的总体质量相差不大。

农村地区的医院比不上城市里的医院，但护理水平是一样的。

除了中医治疗外，医院也还提供西药和西医治疗。

The cost for medicine and treatment are generally affordable. (I do not have insurance.)

After my wife had a brain aneurysm , I became a BIG believer in Chinese traditional medicine. The Western medicines and techniques were having problems, but when they were paired with Chinese techniques, everything was resolved quickly.

Chinese medicine is a slow working systems to get your body working normally, while Western medicine is a fast expensive fix .

药品和治疗费用一般都还算合理，我没有保险

自从我妻子患了脑动脉瘤后，我就成了传统中医的忠实信徒。西医的药物和疗法也有局限性，但把它们和中医疗法搭配在一起时，一切都能得到快速的解决。

中医是一种让你的身体恢复正常功能的长周期系统疗法，而西医是一种起效快、费用昂贵的修补工作。

I am a big believer in the Chinese medical system and you should have no worries or qualms about using it. If you spend any time within China, you will discover that you will adapt to the Chinese pace of life, lifestyle, food and stress. You will live longer, be happier, and healthier. Your stress will disappear, you will no longer need to take blood thng medicines, and your over all mood will increase. When medical issues arise, you will be able to handle them, and you will be a better person over all, for it.

我是中国医疗系统的忠实信徒，你们不用担心，也不用不安。如果你在中国呆过一段时间，你会发现你会逐渐适应中国的生活节奏、生活方式、食物和压力。你会活得更久，更快乐，更健康。你的压力会消失，无需服用血液稀释药物，你的情绪会变好。需要就医时，你也能轻松处理，你会越来越好。

Diane Wu

How many hospitals are there in China?

I worked in 3 Chinese hospitals and currently work as a consultant for a large multinational healthcare consultancy.

The short answer: 22,000.

中国有多少医院？

我曾在3家中国医院工作过，目前在一家大型跨国医疗咨询公司担任顾问。

简短说，答案是22000家。

The long answer:

While there are a lot of hospitals in China, the definition of "hospital" is also quite broad. You have to understand that people in China don't really get primary care, so most people's interface with the healthcare system in China is in a hospital. Hospitals therefore take on a much bigger role in the healthcare system of China than hospitals in the US. Tier 1 "hospitals" are in reality only community health centers that provide preventive care and rehabilitative services to the community.

详细说：

虽然中国有很多医院，但“医院”的定义也相当广泛。你要明白一点，中国没有真正的社区医疗，所以大多数民众与医疗机构的接口就是医院。因此，医院在中国医疗体系中所扮演的角色要比美国医院大得多。一级"医院"实际上只是向社区提供预防保健和康复服务的社区保健中心。

People also don't go to all hospitals equally. Because the perceived quality of services at lower-tier hospitals is really low (doctors there often have only 2-3 years of community college!), China has a dichotomy of nearly empty Tier 1 hospitals and overflowing, over-capacity lines at Tier 3 hospitals, the biggest and most elite. In reality, easy preventive services (like vaccinations, well baby checks, and preventive health counselling) can competently be delivered by a Tier 1 hospital provider who knows when to refer upwards. But people don't trust their care, and so you have a lot of available services not being used.

人们去所有医院的次数也不尽相同。人们觉得低级别医院的服务质量不高（那里的医生通常只有2-3年的社区大学学历），中国的一级医院几乎无人问津，而规模最大、最精英的三级医院却人流如织，人满为患。事实上，简单的预防医疗（如接种疫苗、婴儿健康检查和预防性健康咨询）可以在一级医院进行，他们知道什么时候向上级医院转诊。但是人们对他们的医疗服务不信任，所以有很多服务项目被闲置了。

Hospitals also can be massive. For example there are 1400 Tier 3 hospitals, and they each boast around 1000-5000 beds. Compare that to Massachusetts General, the largest hospital in New England, which has only 950 beds.

医院规模可能非常庞大。例如，中国有1400家三级医院，每家医院都拥有1000-5000张床位。相比之下，新英格兰地区最大的医院马萨诸塞州医院只有950张病床。

Booker Wilde

How is the hospital in the Chinese city Wuhan able to be built so quickly to accommodate people who have become ill from the coronavirus?

How China built a fully functioning hospital in 10 days

中国为何能如此迅速地在武汉建成医院来收治新冠病人？

中国如何在10天内建成一家功能齐全的医院？

Insane right?

Okay, I know I’m late on this answer but I tried to go in-depth and added some pictures for each step in the process.

这个想法很疯狂，对吧?

好吧，我知道我回答这个问题的时间是有点晚了，但我会分析得更深入一些，给建设的每一步配上一些图片。

As the Coronavirus outbreak started to spread throughout Wuhan China in early 2020, it was clear that the city's hospitals would not be enough to treat all the cases. So, on January 23rd, the Wuhan government decided that another hospital had to be built, and built fast. They announced the plan for a brand new 1,000-bed hospital to be up and running in 10 days time.

新冠疫情于2020年初开始在武汉蔓延，该市的医院显然无法收治所有病患。所以，1月23日，武汉市政府决定再建一家医院，并且建设速度要快。他们宣布计划在10天内建造一个拥有1000个床位的全新医院。

Step 1 in building a hospital in 10 days: Find a location.

14 miles (23 kilometers) from central Wuhan there was a large and relatively open field.

This was perfect because it meant that the hospital would be far enough from the dense urban center to make transmission from patients to citizens unlikely, but close enough for easy access to Wuhans electrical grid and transportation.

在10天内建造医院的第一步：选址。

在离武汉市中心14英里(23公里)的地方，有一片较为开阔的土地。

这是一处很完美的地点，因为这意味着医院和人口密集的市中心的距离够远，疫情不容易传播给市区的民众，但又足够近，可以迅速接入武汉的电网和交通网络。

Step 2 in building a hospital in 10 days: Prepare the location.

The road (highlighted in yellow) that ran by this field was immediately shut down so that all the architects, developers, engineers, construction workers, materials, equipment, and machinery would be able to get in as quickly as possible.

在10天内建造医院的第二步：平整土地。

医院选址附近的道路(黄色标记)马上封闭，建筑师、开发商、工程师、建筑工人、材料、设备和机器迅速到位。

The contract for the hospital was given to a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation, the largest (by revenue) construction company in the world, and one with decades of experience in ambitious projects including Egypt's new capital city, and Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory.

The first 3 days of construction were spent solely on clearing the area and leveling the ground.

该医院的建造合同交由中国建筑工程总公司的一家子公司来负责。该公司是全球最大(按收入计)的建筑公司，拥有数十年的经验，曾负责建设埃及新首都和特斯拉上海超级工厂等大型建设项目。

施工的前3天进行地面的清理和平整。

Step 3 in building a hospital in 10 days: Lay the foundation.

This was done in layers. First, 8 inches of sand was spread across the area. Next, a semi-permeable geotextile fabric was laid down. Then came a nonpermeable plastic layer. Then more geotextile. Then a last layer of sand.

And finally, concrete was poured over the entire thing and was left to set for a couple of days.

10天建医院的第三步：打地基。

这项工作是分层完成的。首先，施工方在该地块铺上了8英寸厚的沙子，然后铺设半透水性土工织物，接着铺上不透水的塑料层和土工布，最后又铺上一层沙子。

最后浇筑混凝土并静置几天。

Step 4 in building a hospital in 10 days: Assemble the pieces.

By now, workers have been working around the clock for almost 5 days, and an entire 2 story hospital still needs to be built in the few days left before opening. This was done using prefabricated construction.

在10天内建造医院的第四步：组装部件。

到这一步，工人们已经夜以继日地工作了近5天，在医院启用前的几天里，还需要盖起一栋2层楼高的医院，这栋楼使用了预制结构。

Basically, prefabricated construction is when a bunch of identical components of a structure are built somewhere off-site before being transported in and assembled on-site. It’s a cheap, speedy way to get things off the ground quickly, essentially factory assembly-line style for the 21st-century building.

预制结构是指在运输和现场组装之前，在别处预先建造的结构组件。这是一种低成本、高效率的方式，是符合21世纪建筑业要求的工厂装配线风格。

Step 5 in building a hospital in 10 days: Build the hospital

Finally, it was time to turn the empty shell into a functioning hospital. Each patient's room had to have 2 beds, a bathroom, and a bunch of medical equipment. The rooms were also made to keep a negative pressure inside so that quarantined and possibly infected air could be constantly managed by the ventilation system.

10天内建造医院的第五步：修建医院

最后，该把这个框架变成一个能够正常运作的医院了。每个病房必须有两张床，一个浴室和一堆医疗设备。这些房间都被设计成负压空间，这样可以利用通风系统持续监管隔离区内可能被感染的空气。

And then the day comes, February 3rd, 2020, and as promised Huoshenshan Hospital, a fully staffed, fully operational, 60,000 square meter, 1,000-bed facility opens and starts treating its first patients in what 10 days ago was just another muddy field outside Wuhan China.