Which country is more innovative, India or China? Why?

中国和印度，谁更创新？为什么？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Chungel Kastier

Page on globalinnovationindex

China:29

India:81

根据globalinnovationindex的信息

中国：29

印度：81

About the Global Innovation Index

The Global Innovation Index 2015 (GII), in its 8th edition this year, is co-published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, an agency of the United Nations).

全球创新指数

《全球创新指数》由康奈尔大学、欧洲工商管理学院和世界知识产权组织(WIPO，联合国下属机构)联合发布，今年已经发布第8年了。

The core of the GII Report consists of a ranking of world economies’ innovation capabilities and results. Over the last eight years, the GII has established itself as a leading reference on innovation. Understanding in more detail the human aspects behind innovation is essential for the design of policies that help promote economic development and richer innovation-prone environments locally. Recognizing the key role of innovation as a driver of economic growth and prosperity, and the need for a broad horizontal vision of innovation applicable to developed and emerging economies, the GII includes indicators that go beyond the traditional measures of innovation such as the level of research and development.

《全球创新指数报告》的核心是对世界各个经济体的创新能力和发展成果进行排名。在过去八年中，全球创新指数已成为创新方面的领先参考资料。

可以更加详细地了解创新背后的人文因素，对于制定促进当地经济发展和丰富创新环境的政策至关重要。

全球创新指数洞悉创新作为经济增长和繁荣的驱动力的关键作用，意识到必须对创新采取适用于发达经济体和新兴经济体的广泛视野，因此将超越传统创新衡量标准(如研发水平)纳入了该指标。

David Nivala

I understand someone to be innovative in the workplace when they are able to adapt to changes within their environment to bring about a better product, service or situation. (This is a little different to creativity an inventiveness)

I have worked in both China and India and have found innovative people in both places. You only have to look around the world and there are innovative Chinese and Indians in key positions. (in countries other than India and China)

依我个人理解，在工作中如果有人能够适应环境变化，提供更好的产品、服务或局面时，他们就是创新的。(这和创造力和创造性略有不同)

我在中国和印度都工作过，我在这两个地方都发现了富有创新精神的人。如果放眼世界各地（印度和中国以外的国家），我们会发现重要职位上都有创新的中国人和印度人的身影。

However, there are factors that do not encourage innovative behavior - mainly the system.

Innovation needs "freedom to think and do" different things in different ways. People need to see that innovation is worthwhile. Educators need to embrace innovation.

However, I do think that the "transport innovators" of India do lead the way!

但有些因素并不鼓励这种创新行为——主要是体制。

创新需要以不同的方式“自由地思考和执行”各种事。人们必须承认创新是有意义的。教育工作者需要拥抱创新。

不过我确实认为印度的“交通创新者”领先一步！

Balaji Viswanathan

Why can't India grow as quickly as China? Is it not utilizing its human resource power to the fullest extent?

为什么印度不能像中国如此快速增长？是不是没有最大限度地利用好印度的劳动力资源？

Over the last 2 decades, India has fairly narrowed down the gap between India's and China's growth rates. Until the recent policy paralysis (right most part of the curve), India was doing fairly ok in the catch up process.

在过去的20年里，印度已经显著地缩小了印度和中国之间的增长率差距。除了最近的政策性停顿(曲线的大部分右侧)，印度在追赶过程中的表现相当亮眼。

India can grow quickly, if Indians really want to. The problem is that as a society we are a confused lot when it comes to economic policies. Our urban elite is still trapped in outdated Nehruvian ideals of socialism that most of Asia have already abandoned. For decades, this elite group had forced their world view on rest of India. Thus, a nation of entrepreneurs and traders remained trapped.

如果印度人下定决心，印度也能够快速发展。问题在于涉及到经济政策时，我们作为一个社会感到很困惑。我们的城市精英仍然在尼赫鲁理想中固步自封，而大多数亚洲国家早已摒弃了这种理想主义。几十年来，这个精英集团把他们的世界观强加给了印度其他地区。所以这个由企业家和商人组成的国家至今依然限于困境之中。

In the late 1970s, Deng io of China heralded a glorious phase of China with the catchphrase* - "To get rich is glorious". However, in India we are still yet to get on to that mindset. In fact, rich is often equated with thieves. Although we think that we have gotten capitalist and privatized, when the reality is China is a lot more capitalist than India.

1970年代末期，中国用一句“致富光荣”的口号宣告了中国进入了一个辉煌的阶段。但印度还没有形成这种社会观念。事实上，富人经常被人视同小偷。我们自认已经实现资 本主义和私有制，但现实情况是中国比印度更甚

In 1991, India's Prime Minister took a bold step in opening up our economy. However, even he was somewhat confused and in the next 4 years we were going back to our usual things. When the Prime Minister came for reelection in 1996, he never stressed on the economic ideas. A group of comist leaning leaders then came and a lot of policy flip-flop happened. This is India's problem. We never consistently pursued capitalism. Everytime we started, we just went back to our old ways.

1991年，印度总理在开放经济方面迈出了大胆的一步。但即便是他也还是有些困惑，在接下来的四年里，我们又退缩了。1996年连任总理时，他也不再强调经济。后来，一群有着主义偏好的领导人上台，政策发生了很多变化。这是印度的问题。我们从来没有坚定追求资 本主义。每次向前迈一步就又退回到原点。

For a civilization that worshipped Lakshmi (godess of wealth) as a major godess, our policians are nothing but daridra (caught in poverty mindset). Our policians dress like slobs and their outlook on economy is not too different from how they dress.

For India to grow, we need to get rid of these socialists and closet from positions of power. We have already taken the first step in electing the right Prime Minister. Now, we need to continue flushing our top bureacracy and state governments.

作为一个膜拜拉克希米（财富女神）为主要女神的文明，我们的政治家却都是达里德拉（陷入贫困思维）。我们的政客穿得像个粗人，他们对经济的看法也和他们的穿着一样粗鄙。

为了印度的发展，我们必须把他们赶下台。我们已经选出了对的总理，现在，我们需要继续清理我们的高层官僚机构和各邦政府。

India can easily outpace China's growth rate, if India can do the following:

如果印度能做到以下几点，印度可以轻松超过中国的增长速度：

Land reforms - We still have outdated land laws that makes acqusition very difficult. Since most people want to do whatever they were doing in the past, most development projects are stalled. We need to provide an adequate compensation infrastructure while simulatenously making it easy to acquire lands for these projects.

土地改革——我们的土地法已经过时，很难征用土地。由于大多数人只想死守老办法，所以大多数开发项目都停摆了。我们需要提供足够的补偿性基础设施，方便这些项目征用土地。

Power reforms - India has to dramatically increase power production. That means getting Kudankulam and other power projects that are stalled due to local miscreants. Then build 1000 more new power projects.

电力改革——印度必须大幅提高发电量。这就需要激活库丹库拉姆和其他因当地歹徒而停工的电力项目并再建1000个新的电力项目。

Transport reforms - Our highway infrastructure has improved, but still quite poor. We need to make sure that our lorries can travel between any two parts of India in under 48 hours. That will jumpstart our logistics and surcharge a range of businesses.

交通改革——我们的公路基础设施有所改善，但还是很差。我们必须确保卡车能在48小时内在印度的任何地区内往返。这样我们的物流才能加速。

Fighting regulations - It takes years to start a mine or a major industry in India. We have to cut redtape everywhere. Most of these redtapes are relics of British and Nehru eras.

繁文冗节——在印度开设矿场或重点企业需要耗费数年时间。我们必须简化繁文缛节。这些繁文缛节大多是英国和尼赫鲁时代的遗留问题。

Just fixng these 4 would jumpstart India in a dramatic way. While we can match or beat the growth rate, we still have a lot of catching up to do given the start they have had in the past 35 years.

只要解决这4个问题，印度就能实现跨越式的快速发展。虽然我们可以赶上或超过中国的增长速度，但考虑到中国在过去35年已遥遥领先，我们还有很多地方要迎头赶上。

Tanmay Pant

Can India become more competitive in innovation, compared to China?

First of all, let me mention that my answer is totally based on facts and reports. It won't be biased on nationality and neither it bothers me. India and China are the fastest growing economy of the world surpassing other economies of the western world. Both of them have really good technologies and no doubt both the rivals are competing in terms of innovation. Innovation is something that really matters to a develo nation. Manufacturing and services can be thought later. Let's make this clear by taking an example : Apple which is incredibly awesome smartphone manufacturing company of US is an innovation of US. Whereas the manufacturing is done in China, Thailand, Veitnam etc.

和中国相比，印度在创新方面更具竞争力吗？

首先，我要指出，我的回答完全基于事实和报道，没有国籍偏见，这个问题也不曾困扰我。印度和中国是世界上增长最快的经济体，超过了西方世界的其他经济体。他们都拥有非常好的技术，毫无疑问，这两个对手也在创新方面展开了竞争。创新对一个发展中国家来说非常重要。制造业和服务业可以稍后再议。我们举个例子来说明吧：苹果是一家非常棒的美国智能手机制造公司，是美国的创新成果，但制造生产是在中国、泰国、越南等地完成的。

So here are some facts:

下面是一些事实：

The image given above is a graph comparing the global GDP of different nations. And it's fascinating that China and India have shown a growth in GDP in recent years whereas the GDP of US has declined to 19 %.

But if we compare the GDP of China and India, it's a huge difference. So, China is probably running it's production better than India that too on a global scale. And India also runs on a deficit in terms of trade between India and China.

上图是一个不同国家GDP的对比图。有意思的是，中国和印度的GDP近年来一直在增长，但美国的GDP却下降到了19%。

但如果我们比较中国和印度的GDP，会发现巨大的差异。所以，在全球范围内中国可能也比印度更好。印度和中国之间的贸易也存在巨额逆差。

So here is another picture on the global innovation index. The GII depends on various factors i.e., infrastructure, knowledge and technology, institutions, human capital and research.

这是全球创新指数的另一张图。全球创新指数取决于多种因素，即基础设施、知识和科技、制度、人力资本和科研。

The table mentioned above gives the details of primary education in different countries researched by the OECD. And it's clearly visible that India doesn't hold a position in primary education whereas China has really achieved a well platform.

上面的表格给出了经合组织研究的不同国家小学教育的细节。很明显，印度在初等教育方面并不占优势，但中国确实取得了很好的平台。

The above mentioned images provide information on communication and information technology, general infrastructure, ecological sustainability, business environment etc. India holds 86th position whereas China holds 53rd in information and communication technology. whereas in general infrastructure China holds a humongous 6th rank whereas India holds 52nd position.

So, China is ahead of India in many projects but India is also taking longer strides to compete with China in the coming future.

上述图像提供了通信和信息技术、一般基础设施、生态可持续性、商业环境等方面的信息。在信息和通信技术领域，印度排名第86，而中国排名第53。而在一般基础设施方面，中国排名第6，而印度排名第52。

所以，中国在许多方面都领先印度，但印度也在未来努力跨步和中国竞争。

Greg Blandino

Will China become an innovator?

It certainly will, and in fact already is.

I'm biased, because I work in Beiing in the Chinese "Silicon Valley" near Shangdi.

中国能成为创新者吗？

它肯定会的，事实上已经如此了。

我确实带有偏见，因为我在北京上地的中国“硅谷”工作。

In that sense, China already is innovating. The Chinese ability to implement so-called O2O (online-to-offline and vice versa) innovations is alreadly well-established. VC's, angle investors, and investment rounds are already being bandied about in Beiing. They've got a good Tsinghua/Peking University to Shangdi pipeline set up.

从这个意义上说，中国已经在创新了。中国实现所谓O2O（从线上到线下，从线下到线上）创新的能力已经得到了证实。在北京，风投、天使投资人和投资轮比比皆是。他们已经打通了从清华和北京大学到上地的无缝连接通道。

The Pearl River Delta also has manufacturers doing innovative things with 3-d printing, and using vertical integration in geographically adjoining areas that's changing how we move things through the production chain.

珠江三角洲也有制造商在3D打印方面实现了创新，并利用地理优势将相邻地区进行垂直整合，这正在改变我们在制造链中的传输方式。

Many of the countries that found themselves in the middle-income trap were dependent on foreign investment. China is not, and will consciously self-direct capital into building innovative companies and encouraging inventive geographical pockets within the greater Chinese economy.

很多陷入中等收入陷阱的国家依赖外国投资。中国没有，他们会有意识地自行引流资本，建设创新型企业，并鼓励大中国地区经济的地域创新。