How ahead is China from India when compared in terms of technology?

在技术方面，中国领先了印度多少呢？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Richard Fortier

A country's exsting technological capabilities can be measured from the number of high-tech companies in the country. According to Fortune global 500, China occupies 129 of the world's top 500 companies, ranks 1st in the world, and India has only 7, less than Taiwan island. Out of 20 biggest technological companies, 9 are Chinese companies, rest of them are all American companies. No Indian company is on the list.

一个国家现有的技术能力可以从该国高科技公司的数量来衡量。《财富》世界500强中，中国企业占了129家，排名世界第一，印度只有7家，比台湾省还少。在全球最大的20家科技公司中，有9家是中国公司，其余都是美国公司。印度公司无一上榜。

Measuring a country's ability to innovate in science and technology can be viewed from patents, high-quality scientific journal index(nature index), and R&D investment. In 2018, China's R&D investment is 297.1 billion dollars, ranks second in the world, more than the whole of Europe combined, while India’s R&D investment is 16.8 billion dollars, ranks 18th in the world, only 5.6% of China. As for the number of patent applications, China ranks first in the world, again India’s number is less than 3% of China. And in high-quality scientific journal index(nature index), China ranked second only behind US, while India is not even on the list.

衡量一个国家的科技创新能力可以从专利、高质量科学期刊指数(自然指数)和研发投入三个方面来衡量。

2018年，中国的研发投入为2971亿美元，排名世界第二，超过整个欧洲的总和，而印度的研发投入仅为168亿美元，排名世界第18，仅为中国的5.6%。

就专利申请数量而言，中国排名世界第一，印度的专利申请数量也不及中国的3%。

在高质量科学期刊指数(自然指数)中，中国排名第二，仅次于美国，而印度甚至都没能上榜。

As can be seen from the above data, India is no where close to China in technology.China's technological power is not only leading India significantly, but also ahead of Japan, Germany, France, England, only behind the United States.

从上面的数据可以看出，印度在技术领域和中国相差甚远。中国的技术力量不仅显著领先印度，而且也领先于日本、德国、法国、英国，目前仅落后于美国。

Considering that India’s current technology is much weaker than that of China and China’s R&D investment is over 17 times that of India every year, the technology gap between China and India will not shrink but increase in the future. If India wants to catch up with China in technology, India must invest at least 20 times more R&D fees every year than it does now. India government should know that there is no shortcut to success, no matter how many high-tech weapons and products you buy from other countries, technology itself is not belong to you. You need to invest money and time in technology to be successful.

考虑到印度目前的技术水平远远落后于中国，中国每年的研发投入规模达到了印度的17倍以上，未来中印之间的技术差距不会缩小，只会进一步扩大。

如果印度想在技术上赶上中国，每年必须投入至少比现在多20倍的研发费用。

印度政府应该知道，成功没有捷径，无论你从其他国家购买多少高科技武器和产品，技术本身并不会属于你。

要想成功，你就需要在技术上投入金钱和时间。

Shravan Rangarajan

Related

Is it safe to say that China is at least 30 years ahead of India?

Very safe! In fact, you can increase that number to 40 or 50 and it will still be true.

I lived in a Chinese village with a Chinese family for one month as part of a homestay program. I started my journey from Shanghai airport, and the entire stretch of road leading to the village was smooth, with no potholes, no litter, and not once did I see anyone driving their vehicle on the wrong side of the road, or see stray dogs and cattle hold up vehicles.

说中国至少领先印度30年吗，这样说会过分吗？

不过分！事实上，你还可以把这个数字增加到40或50，也是没问题的。

我在中国某乡村跟一户中国家庭生活了一个月。我从上海机场出发前往村子，一路都十分平坦，没有坑洼，没有垃圾，也没有看到过有人逆行，更没有看到流浪狗和牛挡道。

Every house in the village had an attached toilet, 24x7 electricity, and the houses all had modern appliances like washing machine, refrigerator, TV, Wi-Fi etc. And I had visited quite a few houses.

Every classroom in the village primary school had a TV which the teachers used to teach their students. The secondary school had Wi-Fi.

村里的每户人家都有配套的厕所，24小时供电，房子里都有洗衣机、冰箱、电视、Wi-Fi等现代电器。我参观了不少人家。

村里小学的每个教室都配有一台电视，老师们用它来教学。中学还有Wi-Fi。

All the villagers wore helmets while riding their electric scooters. Every single one of them could read and write Mandarin, and none of them littered or spat or peed in the open.

The women all wore jeans, dresses, skirts etc. and no one judged them and shamed them for “a the west”. What mattered was their ability, not what clothes they wore.

村民们骑电动车时都会戴上头盔。他们每个人都能读写普通话，没有人乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰或随地小便。

女人们都穿着牛仔裤、连衣裙、裙子等，没有人对她们评头论足，说她们应该为“模仿西方”觉得羞耻。重要的是她们的能力，而不是她们的穿着。

It was completely safe to wander around the village after dark. No one got harassed for their gender, nationality etc. None of the female participants in the homestay program ever mentioned that they felt uncomfortable, or were stared at by men for wearing shorts. None of us faced any racist taunts.

天黑后在村子里闲逛也是完全安全的。没有人会因为性别、国籍等而被骚扰。在寄宿家庭项目中，没有女生提到过她们不自在不舒服，没有因为穿短裤而被男人盯着看不停。我们都没有遇到过任何种族主义的冷嘲热讽。

I’m not saying that China has no problems, but this Chinese village had better services than most Indian cities (we can still only dream of uninterrupted power supply, or 24x7 water, or pothole-free roads).

我并不是说中国完全没有问题，但这个中国村庄真的比大多数印度城市都要好，我们印度至今还在梦想着哪天能有24小时不间断供应的电力和自来水或平坦的道路

I cannot say with authority that all villages in China are like this, but I would wager that many of them are. The cities are of course in a different league. I stayed in the suburbs to the north of Shanghai for a few days, not a tourist area. The neighbourhoods were clean, with excellent roads, and footpaths were not cluttered by hawkers. People followed traffic rules. I went to a side street where there were stalls selling street food, and it was clean. No one littered, there was no garbage anywhere.

It’s not just their GDP or infrastructure. It’s their mentality too that has helped China zip ahead.

我不敢保证中国所有的村庄都是这样的，但我敢打赌，很多村庄都差不多。城市当然又不一样了。我在上海北部的郊区呆了几天，那儿并非旅游区，但社区环境很干净，路面整洁，人行道上没有小贩占道经营。人们遵守交通规则。我拐进一条小街，那里有卖街头小吃的小摊，很卫生。没有人乱扔垃圾，看不到垃圾。

他们不单GDP或基础设施出色。他们的心态也帮助中国快速前进。

Prashant Kumar

China. Miles ahead.

中国领先太多了。

This is one of their technological monsters. It is called SLJ/32Bridge Building Machine. This monster weighs about 580 tonnes, is 91 metres long and 7 metres wide.The machine transports itself, via its set of 64 wheels, which are split into four sections consisting of 16 wheels each. As the name suggests, it is used to build bridges.

这是他们的一头技术怪兽，名叫SLJ/32建桥机。这个怪物重约580吨，长91米，宽7米。这台机器通过64个轮子移动，这些轮子被分成4组，每组由16个轮子组成。顾名思义，这台机器是用来建桥的。

Do you know how difficult it is to build tunnels? A few years ago, only Germany and Japan could build machines that could do the job, and China had to remain dependent on other countries for boring tunnels. Not until they decided to build this monster:

你知道建隧道有多困难吗？几年前，只有德国和日本能制造出能够完成这项工作的机器，中国不得不依赖其他国家来挖掘隧道。直到他们决定自己造一台：

Very few countries, not more than 3 or 4, can manufacture these machines. India has to import all TBMs, we don't have any capacity to build one.

They also have this monster:

很少有国家，最多也就三四个，能制造这些机器。印度所有的掘进机都必须依赖进口，我们没有能力建造。

他们还有这个怪物：

It is used to build railway tracks. It can do the job, much faster and perfectly.

In manufacturing, research and development, and technology India doesn't even stand a chance against China. Comparing the two is preposterous. The pathetic state of Indian manufacturing can be gauged from the fact that 69 years after independence, India can't even manufacture products as simple as earphones. Yes, even your earphones are probably manufactured in China, though they might contain a Made in India tag, to fool the Indians.

它是用于建造铁路轨道的。有了它，可以更快更好地完成这项工作。

在制造、研发和技术方面，印度压根没有机会挑战中国。把中国和印度放在一起比较是极度荒谬的。印度制造业的可悲体现在，印度独立69年后还无法制造像耳机这样简单的产品。是的，就连你佩戴的耳机也可能是中国制造的，尽管它们可能贴着印度制造的标签，骗一骗印度人。

Comparing the two countries would be a great injustice to China. Most of Chinese people don't want their country to be compared with India, they think of it below their dignity, the same way we think of Pakistan. They like to compare their country with countries like America and Japan.

对中国来说，这种比较是非常不公平的。大多数中国人都不会希望自己的国家被拿来和印度相提并论，这会有损他们的尊严，就像我们对巴基斯坦的看法一样。他们喜欢和美国、日本这样的国家进行比较。

Balaji Viswanathan

Related

Why is China so ahead of India even when both started from same league?

India and China didn’t exactly start even. And all this talk that de ocracy is dragging down India is pure bullshit. India didn’t grow as fast as China because we didn’t focus on the basic things.

为什么两国起点相当，但中国现在领先了印度这么多？

印度和中国的起步并不平等。那些拖垮印度的言论都是胡扯。印度的增长速度没有中国快，是因为我们没有把重点放在最基本的事情上。

Let’s look at the corresponding 3 periods of the 2 countries:

Despair and distress: KMT in China (1912–49) and British Raj (1857–1947) in India

Socialism and freedom: Mao in China (1949–76) and Nehru family rule (1947–91)

Liberalisation and global: Deng era in China (1976–) and liberalised India (1991–)

我们来看看在以下3个时期，这两个国家的表现：

绝望和痛苦：中国的国民党(1912-49)和印度的英国统治(1857-1947)

社 会主义与自由：解放后的中国(1949-76)和尼赫鲁家族统治(1947-91)

自由化和全球化：中国的改革开放时代(1976 -)和自由化的印度(1991 -)

In short, China’s growth came because:

They focused on basics like literacy, health and women participation. India’s leaders from Nehru to present didn’t have that focus.

They had the independence and global standing even before 1949 that helped them become a UNSC member, nuclear etc.

They opened up their economy sooner and in a more decisive way.

简而言之，中国的增长归功于：

他们把重点放在扫盲、健康和妇女权利等基本问题上。从尼赫鲁时代至今的历任印度领导人都不曾关注这些问题。

他们在1949年之前就拥有国家独立和国际地位，因此他们能成为联合国安理会成员，拥有核武器等。

他们更快、更果断地开放了经济。

 India was ahead of China in GDP until mid 1980s despite being a de ocracy. And we are growing faster than China the past 5 years despite being a de ocracy. We just lost track in between.

直到20世纪80年代中期，印度的GDP都领先于中国。过去5年，虽然我们是民 主国家，但我们的经济增长速度快于中国。我们只是迷失了方向。

Carl Elliott

Related

Why does India lag behind in technology?

Indian people are extremely clever and are prepared to study, but the emphasis is always on money. I've never met so many people who are so focused on money.

If the focus was curiosity and creativity, then India has the brains to make huge advancements.

为什么印度在技术上落后了？

印度人非常聪明，乐于学习，但一切只会向钱看。我从未见过这么多人这么在意钱。

如果印度人更关注于好奇心和创造力，那么印度是有实力取得巨大进步的。

During travels around India, many people tell me about Indian religion and culture and food etc, but they never ask me about my life at home. If I offer a different view on culture based on my way of life at home, I am told that the Indian way is better. I think people could open their minds a little, ask more questions about the world outside of what they know,question they have been told all of their lives and they may find ways to push forwards.

我在印度旅行期间，很多人跟我讲印度的宗教、文化和食物等，但他们从来没有问过我家里的生活。如果我根据我家里的生活方式提出不同的文化观点，印度人会说印度更好。我认为人们可以稍微打开一下自己的思维，多关心他们已知世界之外的问题，关心一下他们这辈子被灌输的想法，他们可能就会找到前进的方法。