Quora：为什么越南不如日本、韩国等国发达

Why is Vietnam not as developed as other countries such as Japan or South Korea?

为什么越南不如日本、韩国等国发达？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Larry Ng

1. Historical and political factors: Vietnam has had a turbulent history of colonization, wars, and political instability, which has had a significant impact on its economic and social development. Japan and South Korea have stable and mature de ocratic systems, while Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic.

However, it's worth noting that the relationship between political systems and economic development is complex, and there are exceptions to the rule. Some countries with auth rian governments have experienced rapid economic growth, while some de ocracies have struggled to achieve sustained development. In the case of Vietnam, its political system has certainly been a factor in its development path, but it's not the only factor. The government has implemented market-oriented reforms and attracted foreign investment to help fuel economic growth. At the same time, Vietnam has faced challenges such as corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of skilled labor, which have hindered its development.

1. 历史和政治因素：越南的历史是一部殖民、战争和政局不稳的动荡史，这对越南经济和社会的发展都产生了重大影响。日本和韩国拥有稳定成熟的制度，越南是社会主义共和国。

值得注意的是，政治制度与经济发展之间的关系是纷繁复杂的，总有例外。有些专制的国家实现了快速的经济增长，有些皿煮国家却无法实现持续发展。就越南而言政治制度当然是影响其发展的一个因素，但却并非唯一的因素。越南政府实施了以市场为导向的改革，并吸引外国投资来推动经济增长。但与此同时，越南面临着腐败严重、基础设施不足和缺乏熟练劳动力等挑战，这些挑战阻碍了越南的发展。

2. Economic policies: Vietnam's economic policies have only recently shifted towards a more market-oriented approach, whereas Japan and South Korea have had more established and successful market economies for several decades. Vietnam's transition to a market economy has been hindered by bureaucratic inefficiencies, corruption, and inadequate infrastructure, which have all contributed to slower economic growth.

2. 经济政策：越南的经济政策最近才调整为以市场为导向，日本和韩国的市场经济已成功推进几十年了。越南向市场经济的转型一直受到官僚效率低下、腐败问题和基础设施不足的阻碍，经济增长速度很慢。

3. Education: Education is a critical factor in economic development, and Vietnam has struggled to provide quality education to its citizens, particularly in rural areas. In contrast, Japan and South Korea have invested heavily in education, leading to high levels of literacy and a well-educated workforce.

3. 教育：教育是经济发展的关键因素，越南一直努力为公民提供优质教育，尤其是在农村地区。相比之下，日本和韩国在教育方面投入了大量资金，公民识字率高，劳动力受过良好教育。

4. Technology and innovation: Japan and South Korea have been leaders in technological innovation, which has contributed to their economic growth. Vietnam has been slower to adopt new technologies and has not invested as much in research and development.

4. 技术和创新：日本和韩国在技术创新方面一直处于领先地位，这为他们的经济增长做出了贡献。越南引进新技术的速度较慢，在研发方面的投资也较少。

Overall, it is important to recognize that development is a complex process influenced by a wide range of factors. While Vietnam faces challenges in achieving the same level of development as Japan or South Korea, it has made significant progress in recent years and has the potential to continue growing and develo in the future.

总体而言，我们必须认识到发展是一个复杂的过程，会受到各种因素的影响。虽然越南不太容易达到和日本或韩国相同的发展水平，但近年来也取得了重大发展，并有可能在未来继续增长。

Duc Minh Nguyen

If you remember, the Vietnamese people used to be quite similar to Korea. The two north and south were a separate country, Vietnam and champa. All ethnic in vietnam are have so much diffirent in culture. In the 19th to 20th centuries, America and France Used the difference in culture and ethnicity, religion of the Vietnamese people to create conflict, Vietnamese people always had to fight to unify their territory, so they had little time for economic development.

如果你还有印象应该知道，越南人曾经和韩国人很像。两国都分为南北两个独立国家。越南各民族拥有各自不同的文化。19世纪到20世纪，美国和法国利用越南人的文化、种族和宗教差异制造冲突，越南人民为了统一而战，所以几乎没有时间发展经济。

In Korea they had only one country, but funny how they couldn't unify, even defeating barbaric and cruel nomads like Goguryeo, their country is still divided by their own brother..

朝鲜以前也只有一个国家，但现在无法统一，即使击败了残酷的游牧民族，如高句丽，他们的国家仍然被自己的同胞分裂成两半…

The Japanese have completely stabilized their economy since the Emishi genocide, so even if they lose World War II, they're pretty good.

日本的经济已经完全稳定下来了，所以就算输掉了二战，也发展得相当不错。

Huy Tran

Different from a person, development of a country depends on history situation much more. Vietnam encountered more than 100 years of war but with passive role, that is the major reason. Of course there are many reasons more but war is the main thing.

和个人不一样，一个国家的发展更多地取决于历史形势。越南遭遇了100多年的战争，扮演了被动的角色，这是主要原因。当然还有很多其他原因，但战争是主要原因。

Bang Na

Because Vietnam is grappling with wars against France, America, then the Khmer Rouge and China. Currently, there is no peace on the Korean peninsula. Who knows what the future holds. Only a war like in Vietnam will erase everything.

因为越南忙于跟法国、美国、红色高棉和中国打仗。目前，朝鲜半岛还没有和平可言。谁也不知道未来会怎样。除非越南战争这样的大战才能让尘埃落定。

Rendall Koh

Can Vietnam become a developed country like Japan and South Korea in the future?

Every country can be developed but it depend on the following

Leadership

Will of the people

Planning

Vision

越南能成为像日本和韩国一样的发达国家吗？

每个国家都可能成为发达国家，但要取决于以下几点：

国家的领导

人民的意志

规划

愿景

So yes, I think Vietnam can do it but first they must make sure they sort out their internal issue then gradually progress to the next stage.

所以，是的，我认为越南可以做到，但首先他们必须先解决国内问题，才能逐步进入下一阶段。

ThienLuan Le

Will Vietnam copy the South Korean development model to become a developed country?

No. Never ever. Every country has its own different circumstance on the geopolitical background. Learning the experiences of the others as a source for reference is one thing. Copying those experiences is a whole different story. Copying without thoughtful consideration is self-destruction. That's all.

越南能复制韩国的发展模式，成为发达国家吗?

不。不可能。在地缘政治背景下，每个国家都有各自不同的情况。学习别人的经验作为参考是一回事，但复制这些经验就完全不同了。未经深思熟虑的盲目抄袭只会带来自我毁灭。

Penang Rubbish

Why did Vietnam fail to develop like South Korea and Japan despite having similar resources as these two countries?

South Korea and Japan traded their sovereignty to the US in return for development.

The French and the US, including its South Korean lackey, bombed the hell out of Vietnam until the Vietnamese chased the US out of Vietnam.

为什么越南没有像韩国和日本那样发展，越南和这两个国家拥有的资源？

韩国和日本把国家主权卖给美国来换取发展。

法国和美国以及美国的跟班韩国一起轰炸了越南，最后越南人把美国赶出越南。

South Korea helped the US set back the development of Vietnam for more than 8 years from 1964 to 1973.

The Koreans were also Japanese lackeys during the Second World War. They were reputed to be as cruel if not crueler than their Japanese masters.

It was only after 1975, after the US was vanquished by Vietnam, that Vietnam was able to develop itself. That Vietnam is able to rise to its present position is a testimonial to the resilience of its people.

从1964年到1973年的8年多时间里，韩国帮助美国阻扰了越南的发展。

在第二次世界大战期间，韩国人还是日本的仆从。他们非常残忍，跟他们的日本主子不相上下。

直到1975年美国败给越南，越南才空出手来发展自己。越南能够发展到现在的模样，足以证明了越南人民的坚韧不拔。

Jim Phipps

Will Vietnam surpass South Korea or Japan?

No.

1. Government

2. Corruption

3. Lack of a good industrial base

4. Limited infrastructure

5. Lack of trading partners

越南会超过韩国或日本吗？

不会。

1. 越南的政府

2. 腐败

3. 缺乏良好的工业基础

4. 基础设施不足

5. 缺少贸易伙伴

Lucia Millar

Question: Why did South Vietnam fall while South Korea survived?

Answer: Well, your question is interesting. I think that many people have tried to compare South Korea and South Vietnam and always ask some questions such as if South Vietnam survived, South Vietnam could develop as South Korea today, or something like your questions. Yeah, I think it did not happen because We could not find Samsung 2.0, Hundyn 2.0, LG 2.0. It is similar that We could not find Google, Amazon 2.0 in Europe even though Europe and America have many similar things. Now, looking back on your question, I shall point out some points of my view about South Vietnam as the following.

问：为什么南越倒台了，而韩国幸免于难？

答：你的问题很有意思。很多人试图将韩国和南越进行比较，提出各种各样的问题，比如：如果南越没有倒台，南越就会发展成今天的韩国吧？或者其他类似于你提问的这个问题。是的，我认为这个事实之所以没能发生，是因为我们很难找到三星2.0，现代2.0，或LG 2.0。这就好比，欧洲和美国也很相似，但我们在欧洲也找不到谷歌和亚马逊第二。现在，再看看你提出的问题，我对南越的一些看法如下。

Firstly, Vietnamese people have the proverb “Water pushes the ship forward but also may make it sinking in the water.

It means that if people are the water, the Regime is the ship, People could build the regime and also may destroy it. It is Why dynasties/regimes build from people and also removed by people. Everyone see that South Vietnam regime was built from Former French collaborators, survived by American’s aid and fought against almost Vietnamese people’s interest, so it could not survive and had no reason to survive after French’s troops, then American’s troops retreated out of Vietnam.

首先，越南人民有一句谚语：“水能载舟亦能覆舟。”

这句话的意思是：如果把人民看做水，那么政府就是船，越南人民可以建立政府，也可以摧毁政府。这就是为什么王朝/政府成立于人民之上，又会被人民彻底推番。每个人都知道，南越政府是由亲法势力建立的，靠着美国的援助维持统治，几乎违背了所有越南人民的利益，所以它无法长久存在，也没有理由在法国军队和美国军队先后撤退后继续存在。

Secondly, Unlike Korea, France came back to reconquer Vietnam again. Meanwhile, America and the Soviet Union did not intend to invade/rule Korea directly. It made Vietnam’s independence being threatened seriously. Moreover, during the French colony in Vietnam, France exploited cruelly and suppressed Vietnamese people. Thus, France forced the Vietnamese people to unite to stand up against invaders and French collaborators. As a result, South Vietnam including French collaborators were never recognized by Vietnamese people because it belonged to France and represented France’s interest in Indochina, not Vietnamese people.

其次，和韩国不同的是，法国第二次侵占了越南。但美国和苏联并不打算直接入侵/统治朝鲜。所以越南的独立受到了严重威胁。此外，在法国殖民越南期间，法国对越南人民进行了残酷的剥削和镇压。法国迫使越南人民团结起来反抗侵略者和通敌者。所以南越从未得到越南人民的承认，因为它属于法国，代表了法国在印度的利益，从来都没有代表过越南人民的利益。

Invaders including French troops and American troops blown out nationalism and patriotism, xenophobia in each Vietnamese people. It made Vietnam united to fight against any things from outsiders.

包括法国军队和美国军队在内的侵略者在每个越南人民中点燃了民族主义和爱国主义的火苗，促使越南人民团结起来对抗外来侵略。

Thirdly, North Vietnam had smart leaders and generals, as well as were supported by Vietnamese people. Especially, they could lead Vietnam to the final victory.

第三，北越有聪明的领导人和将军，得到了越南人民的支持。更重要的是，他们可以带领越南走向最后的胜利。

Fourthly, the South Vietnam regime was weak and divided. It could not unite and gather all Vietnamese people around it. Also, its leaders were corrupt and not talented. So, they could not afford to resolve or manage all problems arising in South Vietnam. About its nature, South Vietnam was only an America puppet regime and did not represent Vietnamese people.

第四，南越政府软弱而分裂，无法把越南人民团结起来。南越领导人腐败无能，无力解决或管理南越出现的所有问题。究其本质，南越只是美国的傀儡政权，并不代表越南人民。

Finally, America interfered too deeply in South Vietnam’s affairs. As such, they often held the coup to remove anyone who did not serve American’s interest. The result is that America made South Vietnam itself thinking of it as America’s puppet state, not Vietnamese’s representative. They only knew and did what Americans told and required. Thus, when America retreated and stopped intervention deeply in South Vietnam’s affairs in 1973, it felt abandoned and collapsed quickly in two years later with any chance to recover before North Vietnam’s military power.

最后，美国对南越事务干涉得太多、太深，经常发动政变来对付不代表美国利益的人。结果是，美国迫使南越相信自己是美国的傀儡，不是越南的代表。他们对美国人的要求言听计从，惟命是从。1973年美国从越南撤军，不再干预南越事务时，南越自暴自弃并在两年后迅速瓦解，没有丝毫恢复对抗北越军事实力的可能。

继续阅读：越南南越日本韩国发达殖民战争

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