If Gujaratis and Marwaris are so smart, then why is the Indian economy one sixth of the Chinese economy? Why is Indian GDP per capita far behind the West?
都说古吉拉特邦人和马尔瓦尔人聪明，那么印度经济为什么只有中国的六分之一？为什么印度的人均GDP远远落后于西方？
以下是Quora网友的评论：
Umang
We were primarily a trading community that was not able to evolve properly and cope with the rest of the world.
The Quality of education my parents ( 1970’s) went through was quite inferior.
Yes, we had factories and imported machinery but its productivity was nowhere close to Chinese ones.
我们最初只是一个贸易社区，无法适当地发展和应对世界其他地区。
我父母上世纪70年代接受的教育质量很差。
我们是有工厂，也有进口机器，但我们的生产效率远低于中国。
However, this is changing fast. Go to any smart home, textile, machinery, chemical expos and you will find Gujaratis. We have picked up on low and medium grade manufacturing. High end manufacturing remains a challenge.
You should see a lot more manufacturing and service driven exports in the next 15 years.
Overall I feel Indians glorify Gujaratis, Marwadi, and Sindhis way too much. A lot of work needs to be done, or else we shall become one of those communities that live off by their past successes.
但这种情况正在迅速改变。逛逛智能家居、纺织、机械、化学博览会吧，你会发现古吉拉特邦人的身影。我们已开始中低端商品的生产，但挑战高端制造业还有难度。
未来15年，印度制造业和服务业驱动的出口数量会逐步上升。
总的来说，我觉得印度人对古吉拉特人、马尔瓦迪人和信德人都言过其实了。我们现在任重而道远，如果不迎头赶上，就只能在昔日的辉煌中自怜自艾了。
Sandeepan Bose
60% of our population is engaged in agriculture and they contribute to just 17% of the GDP.
Gujaratis and Marwaris are part of that 60% too.
These 60% find formal education a distraction. Their priductivity is low. Chinese have 100% high school education. They made sure every kid goes to school.
印度60%的人口从事农业，他们只贡献了17%的GDP。
古吉拉特邦人和马尔瓦尔人也属于这60%。
这60%的人认为正规教育华而不实。他们的生产力很低。相较之下，中国人100%接受了高中教育，每个孩子都能上学。
Raj Siva
Is it just the responsibility of Gujaratis and Marwaris to develop whole of India's economy? What are the other people doing?
Gujaratis are about 6% of India's population and Marwari are about 0.5%.
If you are saying that, 6.5% of India has managed to create one-sixth of China's GDP, then that actually sounds like a hidden compliment to these groups.
Perhaps, everyone should be inspired and learn from them, than berating them.
只有古吉拉特邦和马尔瓦尔人担负着印度经济发展的重担吗？其他人呢？
古吉拉特邦人口约占印度总人口的6%，马尔瓦尔人口约占0.5%。
照你这么说，6.5%的印度人就创造了中国六分之一的GDP，似乎可以解读为对这两个地方民众的赞许呢。
也许每个人都应该，向他们学习，而不是责备他们。
Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Related
How would you compare India's economy with China's economy?
印度经济 VS 中国经济
#1
GDP ($ Nominal)
China - $16.214 Trillion
India - $ 2.796 Trillion
** US is #1 with $ 23.97 Trillion
China leads by 5.798 times
# 1
国内生产总值(名义)
中国—16.214万亿美元
印度—2.796万亿美元
**美国以23.97万亿美元排名全球第一
中国领先印度5.798倍
#2
Inequality Index (Weighted)
China - 639.0
India - 2044.0
** Denmark is #1 with 233.0
India has 3.2 times more Income inequality than China
# 2
不平等指数(加权)
中国—639.0
印度—2044.0
**丹麦以233.0排名全球第一
印度的收入不平等是中国的3.2倍
#3
Consumer Spending (Actual US$)
China - $ 15.77 Trillion
India - $ 1.72 Trillion
** US is #1 with $ 20.79 Trillion
China is 9.17 times a potentially more attractive market than India
# 3
消费者支出(实际美元)
中国—15.77万亿美元
印度—1.72万亿美元
**美国以20.79万亿美元排名全球第一
中国市场的潜在吸引力是印度的9.17倍
#4
Minimum Professional Income
China - Yuan 121500 or $18634
India - Rs. 456,000 or $6042
** Luxembourg is #1 with $ 264000
An Average Chinese has 3 times the buying Capacity of a USD product than an Average Indian.
# 4
最低职业收入
中国—人民币121500元或18634美元
印度—45.6万卢比或6042美元
**卢森堡以264000美元排名全球第一
一个普通中国人对美元产品的购买力是印度人的3倍。
#5
Measured Industrial Productivity (MIP)
China - 63.4
India - 25.4
An Average Chinese is 2.5 times more productive than an average Indian
** China is highest in the world. Bangladesh has 39.6.
# 5
工业生产力(MIP)
中国—63.4
印度—25.4
平均每个中国人的生产力是印度人的2.5倍
**中国的工业生产力是全球最高的。孟加拉国也有39.6。
#6
Balance of Trade
China - Trade Surplus of $ 563.2 Billion a year and Average Surplus of $ 401.2 Billion a Year (5 Yr Average)
India - Trade Deficit of $ 183.4 Billion a year and Average deficit of $ 170.9 Billion (5 Yr Average)
China Exports, India imports
** China leads the world
# 6
贸易差额
中国—贸易顺差为5632亿美元/年，平均顺差为4012亿美元/年(5年平均值)
印度—贸易逆差为1834亿美元/年，平均逆差为1709亿美元/年(5年平均值)
中国出口，印度进口
**中国是全球第一贸易出口国
#7
Global Export Fraction ($)
China - 29.1%
India - 1.71%
China contributes to Global Exports in USD at a rate which is 17 times more than India
** China leads the World since 2021
# 7
全球出口份额(美元)
中国—29.1%
印度—1.71%
以美元计算，中国对全球出口的贡献是印度的17倍
**中国自2021年以来一直是全球第一贸易出口国
#8
Global Export Fraction (Volume MT)
China - 45.32%
India - 2.54%
China contributes to Global Exports by Volume at rate which is 17.84 times more than India
** China leads the world
# 8
全球出口份额(公吨)
中国—45.32%
印度—2.54%
中国对全球出口的贡献是印度的17.84倍
**中国是全球第一贸易出口国
#9
Percentage of Middle Class
China - 48.6%
India - 25.4%
China have nearly double the middle class as India does.
** Sweden with 71.6% is #1
# 9
中产阶级占比
中国—48.6%
印度—25.4%
中国的中产阶级规模几乎是印度的两倍。
**瑞典以71.6%排名全球第一
#10
Percentage of Welfare Dependents (Extrapolated from 2011 Census)
China - 1.94%
India - 16.64%
India has almost 8.5 times more welfare dependents than China
** Somalia with 41.7% is #1
# 10
社会福利供养比例(根据2011年人口普查推算)
中国—1.94%
印度—16.64%
依赖社会福利的印度人口几乎是中国的8.5倍
**索马里以41.7%排名全球第一
#11
Resource Potential Rating
China - 6.79 (14th Ranked in the World)
India - 2.28 (47th Ranked in the World)
** Russia is #1 with 10.35
# 11
资源潜力评级
中国—6.79 (世界排名第14位)
印度—2.28 (世界排名第47位)
**俄罗斯以10.35排名全球第一
#12
Government Debt
China - 51.4% GDP
India - 90.8% GDP
Chinese Govt is less indebted to their public than the Indian Govt
** US leads with 117.5%
# 12
政府债务
中国—GDP的51.4%
印度—GDP的90.8%
中国对公众的负债比印度政府少
**美国以117.5%的负债率排名全球第一
#13
Total Debt
China - 159.7% of GDP
India - 92.1% of GDP
Chinese Corporates carry higher Debt than Indian non Govt entities.
** Japan leads with 224%
# 13
总债务
中国—占GDP的159.7%
印度—占GDP的92.1%
中国企业的债务高于印度的非政府机构。
**日本以224%排名全球第一
#14
Foreign Currency Circulation (Global)
Chinese Yuan - $ 452 Billion
Indian Rupee - $ 138 Billion
Despite circulation being restricted the Yuan is almost 3.5 more circulated than the INR.
# 14
外币流通(全球)
中国人民币—4520亿美元
印度卢比—1380亿美元
尽管流通受到限制，但人民币的流通总量几乎比印度卢比多了3.5倍。
Thats the basic comparison between India and China.
以上就是印度和中国之间的基本比较。
Wasim Ansari
Related
What is the reason for the slowing of the economy of India?
印度经济放缓的原因是什么？
There are many reasons for the Indian economy slowdown.
Today I will highlight on manufacturing sector in India.
India's manufacturing sector have come down from 12% to 0.5%. Indian textile industry has played a vital role in decreasing the economy of India and I would say the government is ignoring the slowdown in our core sector. Wait I have a proof
印度经济放缓的原因有很多。
我重点讲讲印度的制造业。
印度制造业的比重已经从12%下滑到了0.5%。印度纺织业在印度经济下滑中发挥了至关重要的作用，可印度政府对核心行业的放缓熟视无睹。我有证据
Yesterday I bought H&M Jeans from their store and I was shocked to see country of manufacture. Yes it was Bangladesh .Bangladesh is taking all our textile industry and government is sitting quiet on this.
They don't have any future plans to tackle this, and this also shows the failure of MAKE IN INDIA.
I am not getting harsh on Modi government, but they advertise their policies a lot ,so they should take feedback also and work on it.
昨天我买了H&M牛仔裤，原产国竟然是孟加拉国，当时我就震惊了。孟加拉国把我们的纺织工业全盘接手了，但印度政府对此无动于衷。
他们没有制订任何计划来解决这个问题，这也说明了印度制造的失败。
我并不是苛责莫迪政府，但他们总是大力宣传自己的政策，所以他们也该勇于接受反馈并努力改进。
Mihir Chaudhari
First priority for India was nation building followed by providing skills & jobs to its poor masses, education, food security. India did well on these sectors till 1990s. Industrialization got a boost after liberalization when licence raj was done away with, new industries were setup along with privatization of Public sector companies. Indian expats and diaspora are well known worldover. India has a demographic advantage not only in sheer numbers but by median age.
印度的首要任务是建设国家，其次是为穷人提供技能培训、就业机会、教育和粮食安全。
在20世纪90年代之前，印度在这些领域的表现都很不错。
但开放市场后，随着许可证制度的废除，工业化得到了推动，随着国有企业的私有化涌现出了一批新兴产业。
印度移民和侨民遍布全球，声名在外。印度不仅在人口数量上有优势，在年龄中位数上也有优势。
India itself is fairly a young country having completed only 75 years. India is the only stable de ocracy in South Asia and between Turkey & Israel in the West to Indonesia in the East. Though rule of law and de ocratic institutions are well established & functioning well in India, there still are quite for few internal and neighbourhood issues that need streamlining. Consistent policy, stability, internal peace and de ocracy have contributed to Indian economy whuch has been growing steadily and has crossed USD 3 trillion. We can & cannot compare India to China because the foundation & approach of both countries is different. China will probably become old before it becomes a developed country but that cannot be said about India. India will take time to achieve developed country status but our development and prosperity will be more sustenable.
印度本身是一个年轻的国家，只有75年的历史。印度是南亚地区唯一稳定的皿煮国家，介于西方的土耳其和以色列以及东方的印度尼西亚之间。
虽然印度的法治和制度已经建立并运作良好，但仍然有很多内部和边境问题需要梳理清楚。
稳定的政策、境内的太平和皿煮制度为印度经济做出了贡献，使得印度经济稳步增长，已经超过3万亿美元的规模。
我们不能把印度和中国作比较，因为两国的起点不同，方法不同。
中国在成为发达国家之前可能就老龄化了，但印度不会这样。
印度确实还需要时间来跻身发达国家之列，但我们的发展和繁荣更具有可持续性。
Quorai Sajoke
Related
Why has China developed so fast?
The Chinese is a people who value education extremely high. Young generations’ education is the top family concern. Parents would sacrifice their own free time to activities that help improve their children’s school performance. When Chinese parents have school children, they basically have lost most of their free time.
为什么中国发展这么快？
中国人是一个非常重视教育的民族。年轻一代的教育是每个家庭最关心的问题。父母会牺牲自己的空闲时间，参加有助于提高孩子学习成绩的活动。只要孩子开始上学，中国父母就基本上失去了闲暇时间。
Family-oriented collective mindset. When Chinese workers get their salary, they would try to save as much money as possible for the family use, rather than buy what they long for. Personal desire is second to the family demands, to children’s future, at least before they can support themselves. So China has a high saving rate, and as a result, an astronomically big deposit bonanza. All this play an essential part in economy growth.
以家庭为中心。中国工人拿到工资后不会给自己乱买东西，他们会尽量多存点钱给家人花。他们把自己放在家庭需求和孩子的未来之后，所以中国拥有极高的储蓄率，拥有天文数字般的巨额存款，这些在经济增长中发挥着至关重要的作用。
Chinese indifference to political activities. The Chinese have far stronger interest in making money than participating in political campaigns.
中国人对政治漠不关心。中国人对赚钱的兴趣远远大于参与政治。这种现象和态度在国内国外所有华人社区都有迹可循。
此文由 三泰虎 编辑，未经允许不得转载！：首页 > 问答 » 都说古吉拉特邦人和马尔瓦尔人聪明，为什么印度经济只有中国的六分之一，印度的人均GDP远远落后
印度经济排名全球第五，中国排名第一，印度不可能像苏杰生部长所说的那样超越中国吗
印度经济更加开放，为何中国的制造业增长得更快
为什么印度独立后变成一个贫穷的国家了，之前印度经济明明充满活力的
为什么中国经济这么强大，是单纯靠他们的人口和廉价劳动力，还是因为有丰富的自然资源
Quora：印度经济如何才能实现21世纪初的中国发展速度