俄罗斯创建的新八国集团有多重要，成员包括中国、墨西哥、巴西、印度、伊朗、土耳其和印度尼西亚

How significant is the new G-8 created by Russia that includes China, Mexco, Brazil, India, Iran, Turkey, and Indonesia?

俄罗斯创建的包括中国、墨西哥、巴西、印度、伊朗、土耳其和印度尼西亚在内的新八国集团有多重要？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Mr. Tuncay

According to the book "The BRICs and Emerging Economies in Comparative Perspective: Political Economy, Liberalisation and Institutional Change" by Juliet Johnson and Palgrave Macmillan (2015), the inclusion of emerging economies such as Brazil, India, and China in this new grou marks a shift in global power away from traditional Western powers such as the United States and Europe. With these emerging economies accounting for a significant portion of global GDP, their inclusion in the G-8 could potentially lead to a more balanced and representative approach to global governance.

根据Juliet Johnson和Palgrave Macmillan (2015) 撰写的《金砖国家和新兴经济体的比较视角：政治经济、自由化和制度变革》一书，巴西、印度和中国等新兴经济体加入这个新集团，标志着全球权力开始从美国和欧洲等传统西方大国移出。由于这些新兴经济体在全球GDP中占比很重，它们纳入八国集团可能会为全球局势带来一种更平衡、更具代表性的方法。

Furthermore, the book "Russia's Turn to the East: Domestic Policymaking and Regional Cooperation" by Piotr Dutkiewicz and Richard Sakwa (2016) highlights that the inclusion of Iran in the new G-8 is particularly notable given its isolation from Western powers due to its nuclear program. This move by Russia to invite Iran to be part of the G-8 signals a potential shift in global politics where non-Western powers play a greater role in sha the international agenda.

此外，Piotr Dutkiewicz和Richard Sakwa(2016)撰写的《俄罗斯转向东方：国内政策制定和区域合作》一书强调，鉴于伊朗因核计划被西方大国制裁，新的八国集团将伊朗纳入其中，值得各方关注。俄罗斯邀请伊朗加入八国集团的举动标志着全球政局的悄然转变，非西方大国在塑造国际局势方面开始发挥更大作用。

However, it is important to note that the new G-8 has faced criticism from some quarters. In the book "The Group of Eight (Global Institutions)" by Andrew Cooper and John Kirton (2013), the authors argue that the exclusion of key players such as South Africa and Egypt from the new grou undermines its legitimacy and effectiveness. Additionally, the inclusion of Iran has been controversial given its history of human ri hts abuses and support for terrorism.

但值得注意的是，新的八国集团也面临着来自某些方面的批评。Andrew Cooper和John Kirton 在2013年出版的《八国集团(全球机构)》一书中认为，将南非和埃及等重要国家排除在新集团之外，削弱了其合法性和有效性。此外，考虑到伊朗侵犯人*和支持恐怖主义的历史，吸纳伊朗引发了众多争议。

In conclusion, the new G-8 created by Russia that includes China, Mexco, Brazil, India, Iran, Turkey, and Indonesia is a significant development in global politics that marks a shift in power away from traditional Western powers. However, its effectiveness and legitimacy will depend on its ability to address concerns about its inclusivity and legitimacy.

总之，由俄罗斯创建的包括中国、墨西哥、巴西、印度、伊朗、土耳其和印度尼西亚在内的新八国集团是全球政治的一个重大发展，标志着传统西方大国的权力流失。不过新八国集团的有效性和合法性还将取决于其能否解决各方对该组织包容性和合法性的担忧。

Steve Castiglioni

A geopolitical stunt by Putin to 1) pull off minor allies of the USA, 2) split off a geographically key NATO member, 3) inflate the economic importance of other semi neutral nations, 4) create a potential strategic military bloc, and 5) get a foothold in a bordering nation to the USA.

Both shrewd and sinister; but it will amount to little.

这只是普京的地缘政治噱头，

1) 拉拢美国的小盟友，

2) 分裂一个具有重要地理地位的北约成员国，

3) 夸大其他半中立国家的经济重要性，

4) 创建一个潜在的战略军事集团，

5) 在美国的边境国家插上一脚。

这些想法既精明又阴险，但没啥用。

Mike Andrews

It's extremely significant, at least if it leads through the logical progression the last several centuries suggest it will.

非常重要，至少如果它真能按照过去几个世纪的逻辑发展的话。

Bill Langston

Not at all. The G-7's really just a club for rich countries. It has no power what so ever. It sets no rules or regulations.

Put Russia,. India, china, and Iran in the same room and you're as likely to get WWIII as anything else. Mexco never joins such an abomination. They have economic and military treaties with the US and really are very friendly with the US. Brazil isn't stupid and they know very well who protects their sea lanes and keeps trade flowing.

一点意义都没有。七国集团其实就是一个富裕国家的俱乐部，根本就没有实权。七国集团压根没有制定任何规则或条规。

把俄罗斯、印度、中国和伊朗绑在一起，很可能会爆发第三次世界大战。墨西哥从未加入过这种组织。他们跟美国签订了经济和军事条约，对美国非常友好。巴西也不傻，他们非常清楚是谁保护着他们的海上通道，保持贸易畅通。

Anand Racherla

As good as NAO & Warsaw Pact.

Old wine in New sacs with new ingredients.

这就跟北约和华约一样。

新瓶装陈酒，换汤不换药。

Philip Marks

It like the kid who couldn’t get any friends started his own club and didn’t tell the other members they were in his club..

这就像一个交不到朋友的孩子自己搞了个俱乐部，又不敢告诉其他成员他们已经是会员了。

Ilja Schmelzer

Should Mexco, Russia, China, Brazil, and Iran team up to counter American hegemony?

They are already doing it. Russia and China have been essentially forced to team up by a stupid Obama policy to fight above, as Russia (in the Ukraine) as China (because of the islands they need to protect their communications). Iran and Russia similarly have been forced to team up by Obama’s aggression against Syria.

墨西哥、俄罗斯、中国、巴西和伊朗应该联合起来对抗美国的霸权吗？

他们已经联手对付美国了。俄罗斯和中国是被奥巴马的愚蠢政策逼到一起的，他们联手对抗美国。同样的，伊朗和俄罗斯也是因为奥巴马入侵叙利亚而被迫联合起来。

Trump’s idea to stop this, by stop Cold War against Russia, is reasonable but comes too late. Moreover, he is heavily pressured not to do it. And this makes it hopeless from the start - even if he wins the internal battle against the anti-Russian faction, it would be stupid for Russia to hope that this is for long. So, no hope for an alliance US-Russia. The increasing pressure on Iran forces Iran even much more into the Russian-Chinese alliance.

So, essentially Russia, China and Iran have no choice but to team up against the US.

特朗普想要通过终结对俄罗斯的冷战来阻止这一切的想法是合理的，但为时已晚。而且他也面临着巨大的压力，这个想法无法真正落地。即便特朗普赢得了对抗反俄派系的内部斗争，俄罗斯也不会蠢到幻想美俄关系能长期缓和。所以，美俄结盟是无法实现的愿望。美国对伊朗日益增加的压力迫使伊朗更愿意融入中俄联盟。

因此俄罗斯、中国和伊朗别无选择，只能联合起来对付美国。

For Mexco and Brasil the question of military cooperation with Eurasia is not yet relevant, but it makes a lot of sense for them to diversify their economic relations by cooperation with Eurasia.

对墨西哥和巴西来说，他们没有必要与欧亚大陆进行军事合作，但通过与欧亚大陆的合作促使本国经济关系多样化，对它们来说是具有重大意义的事。

Mykola Dolgalov

Will Russia be the 3rd superpower together with US and China in 20 years?

Short answer: No

俄罗斯能否在20年内与美国和中国并行，成为第三大超级大国？

简单说就是：不可能。

Russia is a place of a complete and total corruption. Russia’s political system is autocracy, all media is controlled by the Kremlin, all political dissent and any criticism of Kremlin is marginalized and/or physically eliminated. People are imprisoned for antigovernment comments on social media. State corporations like Gazprom are run not by accountable professionals whose job is judged by how the company is doing, but by Putin’s cronies, who are judged by the loyalty to Putin. Every position of power in Russia is taken by people who are loyal to Putin, not by those who deserve the roles by the virtue of their character, professionalism and proven experience. Russian political system has merged with the KGB/FSB, Russian criminal clans and Russian Orthodox Church - all of those are extensions of Kremlin.

俄罗斯腐败问题极其严重。俄罗斯的政治制度是专制的，所有媒体都由克里姆林宫掌控，所有政治异见和对克里姆林宫的批评都会被边缘化，甚至被抹灭。俄罗斯民众会因为在社交媒体上发表反一些言论而被监禁。俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司这样的国有企业是由普京的亲信管理的，不是任人唯贤，只看对普京是否忠诚。俄罗斯的所有实权职位都是由忠于普京的人担任，而非那些具备个人品质、专业精神和丰富经验的人才。俄罗斯的政治体系已经与克格勃/联邦安全局、俄罗斯犯罪集团和俄罗斯东正教绑定在一起了——这些全都是克里姆林宫的人。

Russia effectively doesn’t have a legislation branch or court systems - those have been completely eliminated by Kremlin, so currently both chambers of Russian parliament (Duma and Soviet Federatsii) vote 100% for what Kremlin wants to become a law. Russian “courts” produce decisions that are required by the Russian system of power in higher profile cases (like killings of the opposition politicians or journalists), or the decisions sponsored by the highest briber.

俄罗斯没有真正的立法部门或法院体系——克里姆林宫把它们废除了，所以目前俄罗斯议会的两院对于克里姆林宫的法律提案只会100%支持。在一些引发广泛关注的案件（如杀害反对派政客或记者）或高层行贿者授意的案件中，俄罗斯的“法院”也只会遵照俄罗斯权力阶层的要求进行裁决。

The reasons why Russia will not become a superpower:

俄罗斯不会成为超级大国的原因：

Russia is not investing in innovation, science, infrastructure. The corrupt government on all levels is literally looting the country,

Russia is not selecting for the best managers and politicians in the form of accountable management. There is no way to get rid of incompetent politicians and managers.

俄罗斯没有为创新、科学和基础设施方面进行投资。各级腐败政府只知道搜刮民脂民膏。

俄罗斯没有任人唯贤，选出优秀的管理者和政治家。

Russia mentally is in the begng of 1800s, Putin’s thinking and ambitions are close to those of Napoleon. He wants to gain more land and restore greatness of Russian Empire. If you talk to anyone in Europe, who used to be under the rule of Russian Empire (from Polish East or Ukrainian West to Baltic countries), they will tell you that they parts that used to be ruled by the empire are the least developed parts. You can compare East and West Germany as an example, or South and North Korea. This pattern has been true for centuries with Russia.

俄罗斯在思维方式上仍停留在19世纪初，普京的思想和野心接近拿破仑。普京想获得更多的土地，恢复俄罗斯帝国的历史辉煌。如果你和曾被俄罗斯帝国统治的欧洲人（从波兰东部或乌克兰西部到波罗的海国家）交谈，他们会告诉你，那些被俄罗斯帝国统治过的地区至今仍是最不发达的地区。看看东德和西德，或者韩国和朝鲜，你就知道了。几个世纪以来，俄罗斯一直没有改变。

The necessity of innovation, trade and organic growth by improvement of what a country already has, is completely lost on Putin. One cannot make his country great in the 21st century by waging wars with neighbors and making the entire developed world an enemy.

as a result, Russia is under severe economic and political sanctions from the USA and EU. Russia is suffering terrible consequences of the new empire ambitions of Vladimir Putin.

普京完全没有意识到创新、贸易和不断改善现状对实现国家的有机增长的必要性。在21世纪，想要通过对邻国发动战争、与发达世界为敌来实现国家崛起，是不可能的事。

因此，俄罗斯受到了美国和欧盟严厉的经济和政治制裁。俄罗斯正在饱尝弗拉基米尔•普京新帝国野心带来的苦果。

Ray Comeau

Which country will become a superpower to counter the USA, China or Russia?

To begin with Russia is not a superpower, it is a regional power with a powerful military.

China can be considered a great power but not a superpower as yet, but is anticipated to continue to rise for the foreseeable future.

At present the US is only superpower.

A number of countries have the potential to surpass Russia within a few decades.

No country is considered capable of matching US or China in the next 50 years.

哪个国家会成为对抗美国、中国或俄罗斯的超级大国？

首先，俄罗斯算不上超级大国，它只是一个拥有强大军事力量的地区大国。

中国可以算一个大国，但目前还算不上超级大国，但会在可预见的未来继续崛起。