What are China's advantages over India?

中国比起印度有什么优势？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Dr. Balaji Viswanathan

Complementary to: What are India's advantages over China?

More friendly to business and investment

Yesterday, I was at LinuxCon in Chicago - a major business/tech convention and was chatting with execs on setting up businesses in India. With a beer in hand, each recounted their horror stories in setting offices in India. They are all well meaning business folks and each could have brought a lot more well-paying jobs & better tech.

这儿有个问题可以对照着看：印度比起中国有什么优势？

对企业和投资更加友好

昨天，我参加了芝加哥的LinuxCon——一场大型的商业/技术会议，并与高管们就在印度开展业务进行了讨论。大家手里拿着啤酒，纷纷讲起他们在印度设立办事处的可怕遭遇。他们都是善良的商人，都能给印度带来更多高薪工作岗位和更先进的技术。

In India, we are still living in the 19th century business & trade environment, still debating on Walmart's entry to India and FDI. China is lightning years ahead. They allowed Walmart to set shop 18 years ago, revolutionized their retail and extremely ahead in logistics, while we are in stone age retail. That is just one sector, but the same is everywhere.

We call China as without realizing that China is way more capitalist than India. India cannot go anywhere if it is so toxc for businesses.

我们印度仍然延续着19世纪的经商和贸易旧俗，还在为沃尔玛进入印度和外国直接投资不停激辩。中国早就遥遥领先了。18年前，中国就批准沃尔玛进入中国，彻底改变了中国的零售业，物流也因此大为领先，而印度的零售业还处于石器时代。这只是其中一个行业而已，其他行业都是如此。

我们没有意识到中国比印度更资本化。如果商业环境继续这么恶劣，印度终究会一事无成。

Look at our world rank below on ease of doing business. I get it that it takes years to construct roads, dams, airports etc. But this is just ease of doing business, almost entirely dependent on our attitudes. We have to change our anti-business attitudes. Anti-business lobbies should be pushed out. We got too heavy of these. Nehruvian socialism has turned us too cynical and against our businesses.

看看我们在营商便利度上的世界排名吧。修建道路、水坝、机场等，都需要耗费多年的时间。我们必须改变对经商活动的不友好态度。反商业的游说团体应该被赶出印度。这些势力太强了。尼赫鲁的社会主Y让我们变得愤世嫉俗，敌视企业。

China vs. India: Which is better for doing business?

中国和印度：哪个国家更适合做生意？

See India's exports below vs. China's. Good luck trying to grow it by driving away foreign investment.

请看下面印度和中国的出口对比。如果印度想通过赶走外国投资来实现增长，我只能祝你们好运了。

In every indicator of capitalism - trade, investment, competitiveness and ease of doing business, China is way ahead.

在资本主Y的所有指标上——贸易、投资、竞争力和经商便利度，中国都遥遥领先。

China's health is way ahead:

中国的医疗卫生遥遥领先：

Mao might be criticized for a lot of things. But, in many ways he was also a pragmatist. One of the key innovations of his time was this: Barefoot doctor. These were semi-educated village doctors who dramatically improved health outcomes in the rural areas. Instead of producing only a few 1000 doctors who got through a 7-year school, why not produce 1 million doctors who go through 1-year school have basic knowledge of diseases and sanitation? This is very important for a nation growing up. China’s village doctors take great strides

在很多方面，中国都是一个实用主义者。在当时的诸多重要创新之一就是：赤脚医生。这些受过一些教育的乡村医生极大地改善了农村地区民众的健康状况。与其培养1000个7年学制的医生，不如培养100万名经过1年学习后具备基础疾病和卫生知识的医生。这对一个国家的发展非常重要。中国的乡村医生大踏步前进。

India failed to do this and focusing only on Western-style Medical education. Thus, we have too few doctors to take care of 600,000 villages. As China crossed the stage 1, they abolished the Barefoot doctors and are busy in stage 2. This and other healthcare innovations show up in the stats below.

印度只关注西式医学教育，所以培养出来的医生太少，无法覆盖全印度60万个乡村。中国已经跨过了初级阶段，取消了赤脚医生，进入第二阶段。下面的统计数据就证明了这一点，以及其他医疗保健的创新措施。

How can a sick under-nutritioned nation grow fast?

一个民众营养不良的国家怎么可能高速发展？

China's Infrastructure

中国的基础设施

Nothing more to say here. China has got some of the fantastic roads, railways, ports, etc. I will just use one statistic to dramatically drive home the point.

这一点无话可说。中国有很棒的公路、铁路、港口等。我可以用一个统计数据来说明这一点。

Size and resources

规模和资源

China is more than thrice the size of India with way more water, energy and mineral resources. I will give you one example of iron ore. See the blue lines vs other lines.

中国的面积是印度的三倍多，拥有更多的水、能源和矿产资源。我举一个铁矿的例子，看看蓝线和其他线的对比。

Going through its labor peak due to Demographic dividend

人口红利带来劳动力高峰

China and India have comparable population, but China has 80% more workers than India. How? It is because of temporary condition of Demographic dividend

where a number of new kids drop rapidly and a significant portion of the population are the kids of yesterday - who are now healthy adults ready to work. The nation can focus a lot on educating these few kids and can assure better literacy and development. This shift pushed up Japan after WW2. China is going through this bulge. [Unfortunately, this is only a temporary help as Japan later found out in 1990s. Eventually lack of new kids will affect your labor population 30 years from now.]

中国和印度的人口相当，但中国的工人比印度多80%，为什么会这样？这是因为人口红利的动态状态造成的。

新生儿数量迅速下降，人口中大部分是之前出生的孩子，他们现在都长成健康的成年人，到了可以工作的时候。国家可以把重心放在对儿童的教育上，让他们获得更好的读写能力和发展。这种转变就成功推动了二战后的日本。中国也正在经历这个时期。不幸的是，这只是暂时的，日本后来在20世纪90年代意识到了这一点。从现在起30年后，新生儿数量太少的问题将对劳动力人口带来严重影响。

The best part is we can solve all of this. None of this is rocket science. We just need to change our attitudes towards money. India's major religions - Hinduism, Jainism and Islam are all pro-traders, pro-businesses and pro-wealth.

我们如果可以解决这些问题，当然是求之不得。这些又不是什么尖端科学。我们只需要改变我们对金钱的态度。印度的主要宗教——印度教、耆那教和ysl教都是支持贸易、支持商业和支持财富的。

Unfortunately, in a post-Nehru India, businessmen and traders are treated like scum, and our politics have made it quite hard for good business to move swiftly. This encourages corruption, as bad businessmen will go ahead anyway, leaving behind the good businesses to get stuck in files.

但不幸的是，在后尼赫鲁时代的印度，商人被人瞧不起，我们的政治让好企业无法迅速发展。这也助长了腐败。

Z. Shen

Infrastructure. 24 hours non-stop power supply, ports, airports, roads, bridges, networks, the world's largest high speed train network, metro systems, mega projects such as the Three Gorges Dam

基础设施：24小时不间断供电、港口、机场、道路、桥梁、网络、世界上最大的高铁网络、地铁网络、三峡大坝等大型工程

Diligence, hardworking

勤奋、努力工作

National unity since 2000+ years ago. India is a geographical term. It is no more a united nation than the equator. Winston Churchill said it.

2000多年前就实现国家一统、民族团结。印度只是一个地理名词，就像赤道一样，并不是一个统一的国家。温斯顿·丘吉尔曾经这么说过。

Confucian values, patriotism with a long history

rule plus a long tradition of centralization, leads to high efficiency

The Han Chinese are the dominant ethnicity, approxmately 93 percent of China's population

儒家价值观、爱国主义源远流长

中央的悠久传统，提高了社会效率

汉族是主要民族，约占中国人口的93%

Nationwide use of the Chinese language and its writing system

A large territory, the People's Republic of China (PRC) is nearly three times bigger than India in terms of area.

wealthy neighbors and trading partners, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore

在全国范围内普及汉语及其文字系统

中国幅员辽阔，中国的国土面积几乎是印度的三倍。

中国大陆有富裕的邻国和贸易伙伴：日本，韩国，中国台湾，中国香港，中国澳门，新加坡

Hong Kong, a free port with the English Common Law and independent judiciary, one of the top 3 world class financial centers, initial wave of capital flow into Mainland China which inspired the West. HK as the world's gateway to China.

中国香港是一个自由贸易港，拥有英国的法律体系和独立的司法体系，是世界三大金融中心之一，也是最早将资本投资到中国大陆的地方，这启发了西方国家。香港特区是世界通往中国的门户。

The revolutions in the 20th century. Farewell to the old

Equality, no caste system in India.

A market magnet, to trade technology for market access, getting tech of high-speed rail and automobiles, etc

Meritocracy, rather than de ocracy

20世纪推行革命，告别旧时代。

平等，没有印度式种姓制度。

一个市场磁石，中国提出用技术换取市场准入，从而获得高铁和汽车技术等

任人唯贤，而非打着皿煮的旗子

Abhishek Choudhary

As per USA warnings, November 4 is the last day, up to which India, China and many other countries can buy oils from Iran. Finding new oil shops is one very serious task for any country and it takes time. India and China, both needs to pay attention here, as their strong lobby like SCO or BRICS can not help them out here.

美国提出警告，11月4日是印度、中国和其他国家可以向伊朗购买石油的截止日。寻找新的石油卖家对所有国家来说都是一项非常严肃的任务，耗时耗力。印度和中国都需要注意这一点，因为强大的游说团体，如上海合作组织或金砖国家，在这件事情上也无能为力。

Since November 4 will be the season of general elections in India, we know where the efforts of government will get wasted.

11月4日适逢印度大选时节，我们都很清楚政府的努力会在哪里白费。

Harihara Nil

1.     Clear ambition (greedy , good or bad ,!- Ethically!!!,) actualization of high level of creative acumen, hardworking nature, less talk more work tendency of the Chinese people , . Let us not look at politics. We both became new type of polities around 1950. In three generation time , ie., 70 to 75 years their “material growth “ is far higher than what you say as “ India's “ ie., ours. In the modern world of market life ,material growth is of primary and substantial value addition to.quality of material life. We can assume many reasons all of which are excuses and “grapes are sour “escapades.

1.     野心昭昭。中国人具有实现高水平的创造性敏锐度，天性勤奋，喜欢少说话多做事。我们把政治放一边。我们都在1950年左右引入新的政治制度。在三代人的时间里，大约70到75年间，中国的“物质增长”远远高于印度。在现代世界中，物质增长能给物质生活质量带来最根本的、最重要的附加价值。我们也可以摆出很多原因，但都只是借口和“酸葡萄”行径。

2.     We, ie “ the Indians" can't depend only on trading to make money but shift to.making and trading , that is by own knowwhy(IP) and know how (IP) ..then. Capture markets in trading and earn vital resource for good life.

2.     我们，也就是“印度人”，不能只靠贸易赚钱，我们必须依靠自己的知识产权和技术进行制造和贸易。通过贸易占领市场，为美好生活赚取重要资源。

US We

I learn this from a previous company I worked with. They would do audits in factories around the world in the plumbing products industry.

这是我从之前工作过的一家公司学到的。他们会对世界各地的管道工厂进行审计。

According to the engineers I worked with, the Indian businesses kinda have a misguided direction regarding where they want to go. They’d be intensely focused on the large domestic market, that they will ignore the trends and competitions from companies outside of it, hence, they end up not improving and falling behind.

和我共事的工程师说，印度企业总是看不清发展前路。他们太过专注庞大的国内市场，忽略了国外企业的动向和竞争，所以他们停滞不前，甚至落于人后。

Not sure or whether to call this a disadvantage, since in theory, this issue could be mitigated….but it’s a big enough problem which many Chinese businesses have worked through and the difference between the two nations is obvious.

Let’s just say, having a very large market has its ups, but also potential downs if can’t navigate, manage or lead well.

我不确定这算不算缺点，因为从理论上讲，这个问题并不严重....但众多中国企业已经解决了这个问题，两国之间出现了明显的差距，那么这对印度而言就是一个大问题了。

这么说吧，拥有一个庞大的市场确实有它的好处，但如果无法很好地驾驭、管理或领导，那么就会有潜藏的弊端。

Moiz Lokhandwala

China's comparative advantages over India:

中国和印度比，优势在于：

1) China has higher values of most social indicators of living standards such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, coverage of immunisation, etc

2) China has a better infrastructure to promote R&D in the field of science and technology and is more capable of develo a better and more advanced military force.

1) 中国在民众生活水平的多数社会指标上的表现都更为优秀，比如预期寿命、婴儿死亡率、疫苗接种率等

2) 中国拥有更好的基础设施来促进科技领域的研发，更有能力发展一支更好、更强的军事力量。

3) chinas current overall GDP is 3 times larger than India's and by 2025 the difference is estimated at $4.4 trillion annually.

4) chinas spendings on defence is about 6 times more than India, which keeps them in a better position in that sense

3) 中国目前的GDP总量是印度的3倍，到2025年，两国GDP差距预计将达到每年4.4万亿美元。

4) 中国的国防开支大约是印度的6倍，在这个意义上中国处于更有利的地位

5)  industrial growth in China dwarfs India's growth, due to the massive manpower available, making it one of the largest manufacturer globally.

5) 中国的工业增长令印度相形见绌，中国有大量的人力资源，使得中国成为全球最大的制造国之一。