谈一谈中国的古代文化

What was the culture of ancient China?

中国古代文化是什么样的？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

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Ancient Chinese culture was rich and diverse, with influences from Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism playing significant roles. The Chinese civilization was one of the oldest in the world, with a history dating back to around 2070 BC. It was known for its complex systems of government, philosophy, and art.One of the most notable aspects of ancient Chinese culture was the emphasis on respect for authority and social hierarchy. Confucianism, which originated in China, emphasized the importance of relationships between rulers and subjects, parents and children, and husband and wife.Ancient China was also known for its advanced technology, particularly in the areas of agriculture, metallurgy, and engineering. The Chinese invented paper, gunpowder, and the compass. They were also skilled at building large public works, such as the Great Wall of China, which were designed to protect the country from invasions.Art and literature also played a significant role in ancient Chinese culture. The Chinese were known for their skills in calligraphy, painting, and poetry. They also had a rich tradition of storytelling, with many famous tales and legends passed down through the generations.

Overall, ancient Chinese culture was defined by its strong sense of tradition, respect for authority, and emphasis on education and self-improvement.

中国古代文化丰富多样，儒家、道家和佛教等对中国文化的影响举足轻重。中华文明是世界上最古老的文明之一，可以追溯到公元前2070年左右。

中华文明以其复杂的政府体系、哲学和艺术而闻名。中国古代文化最突出的一点是强调尊重权威和社会等级。儒家思想强调君臣、父子、夫妻之间关系的重要性。

古代中国也因为先进的科技水平而闻名于世，特别是在农业、冶金和工程领域尤为突出。

中国人发明了造纸术、火药和指南针，还擅长建造大型公共工程，比如抵御外敌入侵的长城。艺术和文学在中国古代文化中也扮演着重要的角色。

中国人的书法、绘画和诗歌技巧都十分出色。中国人还非常喜欢讲故事，许多神话传说流传至今。

自宋朝以来，社会再次走向“极端保守”，直到清朝灭亡。

总的来说，中国古代文化有很强烈的传统意识、尊重权威、重视教育、自强不息。

Zaiyu Zhu

This is the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China.（420–589） If I didn't explain it, you would think it was Japanese（Disney movie "Mulan", she is the person of this era）

这是中国南北朝时期(420-589)，如果我不加以解释，你会把他们误认成日本人吧(迪斯尼电影《花木兰》，木兰就是这个时代的人物)

This is the Ming Dynasty in China, (1368-1644). If I don't explain it, you'll think it's Korean.

Chinese people attach great importance to hair。

这是中国的明朝(1368-1644)。如果我不解释，你会觉得这是韩国人吧。

中国人对头发非常珍视。

This is the Tang Dynasty in China.（618–907） People used a piece of cloth to protect their hair.

这是中国的唐朝(618-907)。人们会用一块布巾来保护他们的头发。

This is the Song Dynasty of China, （960–1279）cloth evolved into hats.

这是中国宋朝(960-1279)，这是从布巾演变而来的帽子。

This is the Ming Dynasty of China. (1368–1644)The first emperor invented the hairnet. He ordered adult men all over the country to wear it, whether poor or rich. This tradition has been extended to Korea.

这是中国的明朝(1368-1644)。明朝的第一位皇帝发明了发网。他命令全国的成年男子，无论贫富，都要戴发网。这一传统也传到了韩国。

Andrew McGreevy

The culture of ancient China is a vast subject! But, to start, one could study Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism. The first two volumes of the Harvard History of Imperial China might be read to get into the subject…The concept that China was a sedentary civilization might be kept in mind…

中国古代文化是一门博大的学科！但你可以先从学习儒教、道教和佛教入手。要深入了解中国文化，你可以读一读《哈佛历史中华帝国史》的前两卷……我们要牢记在心，中国是一个定居文明……

Phen Su

What is the cultural core of China?

中国的文化核心是什么？

philosophy

哲学

All cultural elements in China, including architecture, clothing, art, music, food, kung fu, medical skills, and calligraphy, are based on ancient philosophy.

中国的所有文化元素，包括建筑、服装、艺术、音乐、食物、功夫、医疗技术和书法，都是基于古代哲学基础之上的。

Chinese philosophy includes one hundred philosophical schools such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Mohism, Sun Tzu's Art of War, etc. They are the theoretical foundations of various fields.

中国哲学包括儒家、道家、法家、墨家、孙子兵法等百家哲学流派。它们都是各个流派的理论基础。

All ancient philosophies are derived from the“ Book of Changes”, which is the Chinese Bible and the first book in China.

所有古代哲学都源于《易经》，《易经》算得上是中国的圣经，也是中国的第一本书。

if to understand Chinese philosophy, you need to learn Mandarin and Classical Chinese. This is extremely difficult for foreign countries. But it's brilliant is worthy of you falling in love with it.

如果想弄懂中国哲学，你必须学习普通话和文言文。这对外国人来说难度极大，但这个辉煌的文化瑰宝值得你欣赏。

Halfman Huang

Was ancient China always a single culture, or was it a mixture of several cultures?

古代中国是单一文化，还是多种文化的混合？

No, China is not a single culture, even in the very begng of Chinese history, it combined a dozen cultures in two groups, a farming civilization and a nomad civilization.

不，中国不是一种单一文化，在中国出现之初就结合了农耕文明和游牧文明两大类十几种文化。

In fact, that’s why Chinese called ourselves the children of Emperors Yan and Huang, Yan and Huang were two cultures groups in one period, one was famous for farming and another had advance nomad technology like chariots, those two cultures shaped Chinese on the land we called China today.

事实上，这就是为什么中国人总把自己称为炎黄子弟的原因，炎帝和黄帝是同一时期的两个文化群体，一个以农业耕种而闻名，另一个则拥有发达的游牧技术，比如战车，这两种文化共同塑造了今天中国这片土地上的中国人。

In legends, about 7,000 years ago, in China, there have two tribes, one was ruled by Emperor Yan, and another was led by a King named Chi-You (demon).

传说中，在大约7000年前，中国有两个部落，一个由炎帝统治，另一个由名叫蚩尤(恶魔)的首领统治。

Chi-You was a powerful warrior, riding …errr… panda (yeah, damn demon, how could he do that on those cute babies), he controlled nearly whole land of China, and kept attacking Yan’s tribe in Shandong provience today, Yan nearly lost that war.

蚩尤是一个强大的武士，他的坐骑是…熊猫(没错，这个该死的恶魔，怎么能骑在那些可爱的团子身上)，他控制了中国的所有土地，并不断攻打炎帝位于山东的部落，炎帝差点战败。

But at time, another nomad tribe appeared in the north east of China (HongShan culture), their leader was called Emperor Huang, they had chariots and defeated Yan’s army easily.

但当时，中国东北部出现了另一个游牧部落(红山文化)，他们的首领叫黄帝，他们拥有战车，轻松击败了炎帝的军队。

After that battle, Yan decided to make an ally with Emperor Huang, combined those two tribes, and focused on the war with Chi-You, then after few battles, Chi-You was defeated on the battlefields and killed, China born.

此战结束后，炎帝决定和黄帝结盟，联合两个部落，集中精力与蚩尤作战。经过几次大战，蚩尤战败，丢了性命，中国就此诞生了。

Huang was the ancestors of China nomad culture, and Yan was the ancestors of China farming culture, and Chi-You was the ancestors of Viet and Miao peoples, which were chased and killed by Chinese in the next thousands of years (The word viet was acturally mean runners and refugees in Chinese, they are not Vietnamese, Vietnam means in the south of viets’ land, Vietnamese are not viets), until Han Dynasty stopped that and accept them into Chinese

黄帝是中国游牧文化的祖先，炎帝是中国农耕文化的祖先，蚩尤是南越人和苗族的祖先，他们在后来数千年里被驱赶（“越”在汉语中就有奔跑者和难民的意思，但他们跟越南人又不一样，越南的意思是在越南的南部）

Naman Jain

China was where east Asian culture sprang from, China gave it's culture to others not the other way around. As for ancient China Confuscianism formed the basis of chinese philosophy another philosophical base is the taoist yin yang dualism. Native gods like the Jade emperor were worshiped and are now usually called taoist gods. Other aspects like dressing and language didn't change really quick, in fact the script changed so slowly that traditional chinese script is the oldest script still widely used namely in Hong Kong

中国是东亚文化的发源地，中国把自己的文化传播到了周围各国。中国古代儒家思想形成了中国哲学的基础，而道家的阴阳二元论形成了另一个哲学的基础。中国的神，如玉皇大帝被世人膜拜，现在通常被称为道教的神。其他方面，如着装和语言的改变比较缓慢，事实上，中国文字的变化非常缓慢，繁体中文是最古老的书面文字，至今在香港等地仍然广泛使用。

Thomas Musselman

Most people were peasants and for most peasants culture is arranged around the means of production, i.e. dry or wet rice and millet farming with some people engaged in fruit production or silk production or clothing manufacture etc. Peasants typically had some reverence of ancestors and what anthropologists call a “folk religion”.

中国的农民人口占多数，对大多数农民来说，文化围绕着生产资料，比如干稻、水稻和粟米的种植，有些人从事水果生产、丝绸生产或服装加工等。农民通常会敬拜祖先，人类学家称之为“民间宗教”。

Anita Hessler

China is a beautiful and one of the ancient cultural country. According to Chinese scholars, china has more than 3,600 years of written cultural history. Culture and traditions are the national identity of a country. Chinese culture has tremendous diversity and variety. Every corner of the world knows about china’s culture, population, and influence but still it seems very bizarre and mysterious to the western world.

中国是一个美丽的文化古国。中国学者称中国有3600多年的有文字记载的历史。文化和传统是一个国家的民族特征。中国文化有着巨大的多样性和多样性。世界各国都知道中国的文化、人口和影响力，但对西方世界来说，中国仍然是非常奇异和神秘的。

Li Shuanghua

Culture of China, hmm. There's so many dynasties though, saying one is the culture of China more than other would be wrong.

Well hanfu and qipao are really pretty but clothes are not the only part of culture. A culture consists of a set of values and practices passed on by generations to the next one. Chinese culture is very very very vast, I mean the country has 1.4 billion people. But there's some things I would say are common (*in ancient china) like

虽然中国经历了众多朝代，但说一个朝代的文化超过其他朝代的说法是不对的。

汉服和旗袍确实很漂亮，但服饰并不是文化的唯一组成部分。文化是由一套代代相传的价值观和习俗构成的。中国文化博大精深，我的意思是这个国家有14亿人口呢。但有些事情我觉得是相通的(在古代中国)，比如

Paying respect to ancestors

Buddhism, Conficianism and Taoism

Festivals like Double ninth, double seventh, lunar new year, mid autumn festival.

Rites and rituals According to Confucius

The emperor was the son of heaven

祭祖

佛教、儒教和道教

重阳、七夕、农历新年、中秋节等节日。

孔子制订的礼仪和仪式

皇帝是天子

Red is the auspicious colour worn in weddings

White shows purity worn in funerals

One should not cut their hair as it is given by parents (only in chinese dynasties)

There's also general Buddhist traditions like the concept of Nirvana etc.

红色是婚礼使用的吉庆颜色

白色代表纯洁，葬礼上穿白色衣服

身体发肤，受之父母，所以不能剪发(中国古代)

中国还有佛教传统，也信奉涅槃之类的概念。

There's so much more, and a lot of them continue till date. If you want to learn about Chinese culture, I'd recommend watching a few Chinese period dramas (historically accurate ones like serenade of peaceful joy, three kingdoms, Yanx palace etc).

中国还有很多其他文化，其中多数一直延续到了今天。如果你想了解中国文化，我建议你看一些中国古装剧(符合史实的，比如《清平乐》、《三国演义》、《延禧攻略》等)。

Yibing Lau

What is the culture of ancient China?

Too much to talk about it here, since a book is not even enough to introduce all of them, I do suggest you to read some books first before ask here about this kind of general question.

中国古代文化是什么样的？

内容可就多了，一本书都无法全部介绍完，我建议你在提问这种概念性问题前先自己读点书。

Feng ian

Is the ancient Chinese culture dying?

中国古代文化正在消失吗？

The ancient Chinese culture has been dying all the time.

Prior to the Han Dynasty, the society was quite conservative with lots of limitations on human relationship, marriage, and sex.

中国古代文化一直慢慢走向消失。

汉朝以前，中国社会非常保守，对人际关系、婚姻和性都有诸多限制。

But since the Wei-in Dynasty, a large number of “barbarians” migrated into China. The mix of their culture and Chinese culture produced a new kinda of Chinese culture, in which the society became very opened, in which incest, homosexual, organized prostitution, frequent marriage and divorce, “devaluation” of virgins, sex “liberation” were quite common and practiced even by the ruling class.

但自魏晋以来，大量“野蛮”迁入中国。他们的文化与中国文化进行了融合，产生了一种新的中国文化。中国社会因此变得非常开放，乱伦、同性恋、有组织的卖淫、随意结婚和离婚、性“解放”等行为开始普遍起来，甚至在统治阶级中也是如此。

Since the Song Dynasty, however, the society went “ultra-conservative” again until the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

In other words, the Chinese traditional culture has never been constant but always changing and dynamic.

但自宋朝到清朝灭亡，中国社会再次走向“极端保守”。

换句话说，中国传统文化不是一成不变的，而是不断变化、不断发展的。