Why does India not have a single semiconductor manufacturing company?
印度为什么连一家半导体生产企业都没有？
以下是Quora网友的评论：
Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
First off - India has a Semiconductor Industry. Nearly 86% of this revenue comes from Verification and 14% comes from Design.
Now Design does not mean Indigenous design. It is the equivalent of a Draftsman of an Architect preparing a blueprint.
首先声明一下，印度是有半导体行业的。其中近86%的收入源于质检，14%来自设计。
但这个设计还不是本土设计，相当于绘图员为建筑师准备蓝图。
Why cant we set up a Semiconductor Fab (Manufacturing Plant)?
There are many reasons for this - the primary reason being MONEY
Semiconductor Fab always comes with consistent modifications. You always need to be one step ahead and efficiency can always be improved. This requires a lot of investment.
We simply cannot afford such investment.
为什么我们印度没有能力建立半导体工厂？
其中原因有很多，最主要的问题还是在于钱
半导体工厂需要不断升级。需要时刻保持技术领先，时刻提高生产效率。这需要大量的投资。
我们根本无力负担。
Foreign Companies can but they simply dont Trust India or the Indian System with such a high investment given our near atrocious know how and manufacturing ability not to mention almost 100% of our manufacturing base has to be imported from Taiwan or China. So they may say “Why cant i as well go to China or Taiwan?”.
You will need a minimum of $ 10 Billion just for a single foundry with sufficient R & D which comes to Rs. 80000 Crore.
And it may take upto 15 years to get a profit or even then you may end up having to close down the Foundry as the Global competition is super high. You may end up losing several thousands of crores.
外国公司有这个投资能力，但鉴于印度糟糕的技术水平和制造能力，外国公司压根不信任印度或印度系统，不敢在印度投入巨资，况且我们的生产基地几乎100%要从台湾地区或中国大陆进口。他们可能会说：“我为什么不直接去中国大陆或台湾地区设厂呢？”
一家工厂至少需要100亿美元才能进行充分研发，折合8000亿卢比。
投资建厂后可能需要长达15年的时间才能获得利润，但到那时你可能又会因为全球竞争异常激烈而被迫停业，造成数千亿美元的损失。
A Second reason is - Know How
We lack the Knowhow to handle the R & D for Semiconductor Manufacturing Front End Fabrication or Back end assembly.
We have a very poorly trained workforce with near zero experience or aptitude
第二个原因是—技术水平
我们缺乏半导体生产前端制造或后端组装的研发能力。
我们的劳动力缺乏技能训练，经验和能力都基本为零
Victor Borah
The answer is: A mixture of Intellectual Brain Drain, a bunch of Corrupted Government Officials and a lame approval process along with a few other factors.
答案是：知识人才流失、政府官员腐败、审批程序繁冗以及其他一些因素。
Both of these are correct:
以下两个说法都没错：
1.India does have the intelligent & innovative minds and doesn't lack in technological expertise.
2.India has the economical power to start a semiconductor industry.
1.印度拥有聪明和创新的人才，不缺技术专家。
2.印度拥有启动半导体产业的经济实力。
So, where is the problem?
所以，问题出在哪里呢？
1.Brain Drain: You born in India, you get schooled in India, you get a good Degree in India, then why do you try to stay aboard for a very very long time? Why not get all that knowledge & expertise and bring back to India and develop the country, after all, this is your motherland. Many people consider living in a first world for the sake of money, standard of living and to escape the probable miseries in India. I have seen scores of people living their lives out in the first world countries. At least, some of them are badly needed directly back in India. They must not work for other countries when their motherland suffers. If no expert one comes to sort things out, things will remain same forever.
1.人才流失：你在印度出生，在印度接受教育，在印度获得学位，为什么要在国外常住呢？为什么不带着所有的知识和专业技术回印度建设国家呢？毕竟印度才是你的祖国呀。
许多人为了赚钱、为了享受生活、为了逃避国内可能的痛苦，一心想着去第一世界国家生活。
我见过许多人都在第一世界国家度过一生。至少，他们中一些人才正是印度急需的人才。
当他们的祖国遭受苦难时，他们不该为其他国家工作奉献。
如果没有专家来解决问题，印度永远也无法进步。
2.Lame Approval Process: Partly because the Indian System is designed that way, partly because some resources such as electricity is not readily available and partly because some corrupted officials make things worse, majority of the population consider a job better than going out and starting an Industry. Entrepreneurship is only a recent buzzword and was confined to only a very few daring individuals. The process of obtaining approval for a business has to be redesigned by the Government so that entrepreneurs are encouraged not scared away into an obscure job. Corruption has to stopped in the Government Offices anyhow, even if it would lead to privatization of the sectors. Electricity has to be made available and organizations that stand against progress and innovation must be banned.
2. 审批程序繁冗：部分原因在于印度的制度设计，部分原因在于电力等资源不足，还有部分原因在于官员腐败，进一步加剧了这些问题，大多数印度人认为打工比创业好。
企业家精神是最近才开始流行的词，而且只局限于极少数勇于冒险的个人。政府必须重新梳理企业审批流程，鼓励创业，不要把人吓跑，只敢找一份不起眼的工作度日。
印度必须严肃处理政府部门的腐败现象。印度必须解决电力供应问题，必须取缔反对进步和创新的组织。
3.Other factors: Factors such as lack of transportation, narrow roads, local mafias etc add spice to the problem
3.其他因素：交通不便、道路狭窄、当地黑帮等因素也加剧了这个问题
Last and not the least, majority of Indian people are basically consumers. With a consumer mindset, parents tell their kids to go for a Government job instead of telling them to go and start a business, because they know, its no trivial matter to be an entrepreneur.
最后，也是最重要的一点，大多数印度人基本上是消费者。因为这种消费者心态，印度父母希望孩子去政府工作，不希望孩子创业，因为父母们很清楚创业绝非易事。
Anchal Tamrakar
It take 800yrs to realise that Mughals has taken over In bhārat varsh , and again' it takes 200 yrs to realise that Britishers are taken over india then again it's takes 70 yrs to realise that mugal emperor babur was not great as it mentioned In our CBSE Book . And you ask about semiconductor..
我们花了800年才意识到莫卧儿王朝取代了婆罗多王，我们又花了200年才意识到英国人接管了印度，然后又花了70年才意识到莫卧儿皇帝巴布尔并不像教科书中提到的那样伟大。现在你又提到半导体…
suddenly the all inferiority complex filled , the hatred against own language , my mum never taught me State language because it's inferior no use nothing , also forced me to use less hindi because they future with except talking with eachother , Sanskrit it is dead Language
突然间，所有的自卑情绪涌上心头，对自己语言的仇恨，我妈妈从来没有教过我印度的国家语言，因为它没什么用，被人瞧不起，我妈妈还强令我少用印地语，因为印地语除了用于聊天没有其他用处，梵语也已经是没人使用的语言了。
It's very difficult to communicate with fellow state
India has huge issue of language misunderstanding , illiteracy , multiple languages, unskilled labour , young people left school in 10th grade , graduated people not getting Job , can't open business because it's too risk to invest and majority start-up is service based rather then manufacturing ..
印度人和其他国家沟通非常困难
印度存在着语言分歧、文盲、多语言、低技能劳动力等严重问题，年轻人10年级就辍学了，毕业生找不到工作，无法创业，因为投资风险太大，大多数初创企业都集中在服务业，而非制造业。
we need uninterrupted power, clean water, purest form of silica. Fab’s need to be protected from extremely small impurities (in the order of ppm) and requires extraordinary effort to maintain those clean rooms, since a single impurity will alter the characteristics of the chip…
我们需要不间断的电力供应，干净的水，最纯净的二氧化硅。工厂需要达到极高防尘水平(ppm级别)，还需要极大努力来维护净化室，因为一丁点杂质就会改变芯片的性能……
Our country is not stable like Taiwan, china, S. korea , USA , Japan we have religion fanatics , huge population in poverty , India does manufacture chips at a small scale for sensitive areas like defence and space research at fab present within IISc, SCL Mohali, and few others places. But manufacturing chips at a large scale for consumer electronics and other high tech industries is altogether a different things ..
我们印度不像台湾地区、中国大陆、韩国、美国、日本那样稳定。我们印度有宗教狂热分子，多数人口仍生活在贫困之中。印度科学院、SCL Mohali等几个地方的工厂为国防和空间研究等敏感领域进行小规模芯片生产。但这跟为消费电子产品和其他高科技行业大规模生产芯片完全不同。
Secondly to hire any foreigner to build semiconductor we also lack a better' environment work life balance a good environment the power currency exchange rate for this reason our talented pool is also leaving country..
其次，我们也没有良好的环境吸引外国人来生产半导体，没有良好的工作生活平衡，没有强大的货币汇率，我们的人才也纷纷离开印度。
We had been threatened by every country nearby we have dispute with Pakistan china (both have nuclear ) nepal even with our own state..
I can say that the next 100 years are going to be really tough for India…
Good news is that goverment started to push semiconductor companies to manufacture fabs in india
我们受到了周边每个国家的威胁，我们与巴基斯坦、中国(都有核武器)、尼泊尔都存在争议。
我敢说，对印度来说未来100年会非常艰难。
但好消息是，印度政府已经开始推动半导体公司在印度制造晶圆厂了。
Barath Rajamani
semiconductor manufacturing is tough..
a friend of mine is having lion circuits semiconductor fab company and he talks about the tough situations
半导体的生产很困难……
我的一个朋友在lion circuits semiconductor fab公司工作，他跟我提到过不少难题。
Vij K
We have today semiconductor companies ODCs in India mainly around QA Some Desigm Code employing many engineers.
Companies we used to have few till 80s n early 90s but then Taiwan and other hotspots happened which made ventures wind up.
Today its not possible as technology resources infrastructure is not present.
我们印度有半导体公司ODCs，主要负责质检和一些代码设计工作，雇佣了许多工程师。
在80年代和90年代初之前，我们也有过几家公司，但后来台湾省和其他地区崛起，印度企业倒闭了。
如今，印度没有技术资源和基础设施，很难组织半导体生产。
Vansh Rathi
Related
Why is India not manufacturing semiconductor chips on a larger scale?
To set-up Semiconductor manufacturing industries there are various prerequisite, requires skilled labour and heavy investment for setting up units for manufacturing Semiconductor chips
As well in house R&D Makes it more efficient in the country.
All these Major aspects we are lacking thus it is tough for India to enter in global semiconductor market.
为什么印度无法大规模生产半导体芯片?
要打造半导体制造业，需有满足各种先决条件，需要熟练的劳动力和大量的投资来建立半导体芯片生产工厂。
此外，本土研发可以提高在印度生产的效率。
我们在这些方面先天不足，所以印度很难进入全球半导体市场。
But We as Indians with increasing domestic demand and support of Tata Group and few efforts of our government are constantly trying to Enter in the supply chain of semiconductor.
Hope we will one of the largest manufacturer and supplier of such chips in India.
Please do Upvote if you like my response.
但我们作为印度人，随着国内需求的增加，加上塔塔集团的支持以及印度政府的些许努力，我们一直努力加入半导体供应链。
希望我们印度能成为最大的芯片制造商和供应商之一。
如果你喜欢我的回答，请为我投上一票。
Shubham
Related
Which is the best semiconductor company in India?
印度最好的半导体公司是哪家？
Some of the best semiconductor companies in India are as follows:
Intel India
Texas Instruments India
Qualcomm India
NXP Semiconductors India
STMicroelectronics India
Infineon Technologies India
Cypress Semiconductor India
MediaTek India
Broadcom India
印度最好的半导体公司如下:
英特尔印度分公司
德州仪器印度分公司
高通印度分公司
NXP半导体印度分公司
意法半导体印度分公司
英飞凌科技印度分公司
赛普拉斯半导体印度分公司
联发科印度分公司
博通印度分公司
Nan Singh
Related
Why can India not start semiconductor manufacturing and chips manufacturing companies?
INDIA has semiconductor manufacturing campany known as BEL (Bharat Electronics Limited).
Now about your question, So if we keep apart thousand of corers of investments and supply of pure 99.99% of rare earth metals and many other things, the basic need is uninterrupted and clean power supply, and in a country where a entire grid can fail then settingup a industry depending on power supply is just a dream.
为什么印度迟迟未能开始生产半导体和芯片？
印度有一家半导体制造公司，名为巴拉特电子有限公司。
现在说回你的问题，如果我们没有数百亿规模的投资和99.99%纯稀土金属的供应和许多其他东西，如果我们的基本需求还只停留在不间断的电力供应，那么在这个电网随时可能出现故障的国家，想要打造一个依赖电力的行业只会是白日梦一场。
Pradip Shah
We did get an Austrian discarded fab that was severely damaged in fire , allegedly more like an arson. It was SCL near Chandigadh. There were allegation of foul play resulting from a spat between the chairman of the Electronic commission and Sam Pitroda, the chairman of C-Dot and architect of telephony revolution in India.
我们印度有一个在火灾中严重受损的奥地利废弃工厂，有传言说那场火灾更像是人为纵火。这座工厂是位于昌迪加德附近的SCL。电子委员会主席与印度电信革命的设计师、C-Dot董事长萨姆·皮罗达之间的口角导致了违规行为。
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