What are the biggest technologies that China had the best of the best?

中国拥有的最尖端的技术是什么？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

Areas where China owns core technology and licenses it

5G Base Stations (67 Countries pay license fees to Huawei including India)

中国拥有核心技术并发放许可证的领域有：

5G基站(包括印度在内的67个国家向华为支付许可费)

Areas where China owns core technology fully but doesn't license it and instead directly applies it :

Battery Panels

Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Z3 Solar Panels

Elevated Maglev System

Triple Stack Gaming Algorithm (Tencent)

Four Reaction Thorium Salt Reactor (TS-4)

Fighter Aircraft Thrust Engines

Chip manufacturing equipment (28 nm and above)

中国完全拥有核心技术，但无需获得许可，可以直接应用的领域：

电池面板

电动汽车电池

Z3太阳能电池板

高架磁悬浮系统

三叠堆栈游戏算法(腾讯)

第四代钍基熔盐堆(TS-4)

战斗机推力发动机

芯片制造设备(28 nm及以上)

Areas where China is develo core technology but hasn't fully commercialized the same :

Long Grade Fusion

Advanced Chip manufacturing equipment (14 nm)

Immunotherapy

Advanced Digital Optics

Superconductors

Genetic Seeds & Vertical integration

中国正在开发核心技术，但尚未取得完全商业化的领域：

长级聚变

先进芯片制造设备(14 nm)

免疫疗法

先进数字光学

超导体

遗传种子与垂直整合

China has invested over $ 330 Billion (2 Trillion Yuan) in these areas over the last decade

Commercialization is expected in the next 4 years (By 2027)

在过去十年中，中国在这些领域投入了超过3300亿美元(2万亿元人民币)的经费

预计将在未来4年(2027年)实现商业化

Areas where China is yet to develop prototype core technology but is still in research stage :

Commercial Aircraft Engines

Advanced Chip making equipment (<= 7 nm)

Advanced Medical Equipment

DRAM and High Memory Chips

Advanced Internet Applications

中国尚未完成原型核心技术研发，仍处于研究阶段的领域：

商用飞机发动机

先进的芯片制造设备(<= 7 nm)

先进的医疗设备

动态随机存取存储器和高内存芯片

先进的互联网应用

This is where the West can still throttle China today

China needs another Decade to develop and commercialize the above or maybe even 15 years with all these restrictions

这就是西方今天仍然可以扼杀中国的领域

中国还需要10年甚至15年的时间来完成最后几项技术的研发和商业化进程。

Patrick Fitzgerald

What are the biggest technologies that China had the best of the best?

Chinese companies are leaders in fifth generation wireless telecom 5G. When other people follow you then you are a leader. European companies such as Nokia or Lucent pay Huawei for licenses to copy 5G designs. So, even if it is not a Chinese product it may still bring value to China.

中国拥有的最强的技术是什么？

中国企业在第五代无线电信5G领域处于领先地位。诺基亚、朗讯等欧洲公司都要向华为支付5G设计复制许可。因此，就算它不是中国产品，它也能给中国带来价值。

Fifteen years ago Huawei, ZTE, iaomi, etc. were paying European and North American companies to use fourth generation 4G designs. License fees went to design owners and not the workers that made the products.

Today, Chinese semiconductor manufacturers are still followers. How much longer will that last?

15年前，华为、中兴、小米等向欧洲和北美公司购买第四代4G设计。许可费流向了设计所有者，而不是制造产品的工人。

如今，中国的半导体制造商还是该领域的追随者。不过这种情况还可以持续多久呢？

Wasu Koysiri

Related

What technology does China have that the rest of the world doesn't?

Nothing in particular, but:

中国有什么技术是世界其他国家没有的？

没什么特别的，但是：

China is so far the only nation in the World that has implemented quantum telecommunication technology for commercial use.

China has the World's fastest supercomputer.

China has the best high speed train technology in the World, and no other country, not even Japan, is set to beat it at the moment.

China is the only nation that has explored the far side of the Moon.

中国是迄今为止世界上唯一一个将量子电信技术用于商业用途的国家。

中国拥有世界上最快的超级计算机。

中国拥有世界上最好的高铁技术，目前没有哪个国家，甚至包括日本在内，能够超过中国。

中国是唯一一个探索过月球背面的国家。

China’s artificial sun is to be the hottest, beating that of Germany

China’s space telescope is to be the most powerful

China has the best forestation technology in the World.

China is the only country in the World apart from the US that has a full fledged IT and AI industry.

China’s military technology is second only to the US.

中国建成人造太阳，超过德国，成为世界上最热的太阳。

中国于2022年建成太空望远镜，成为最强大的太空望远镜。

中国拥有世界上最好的造林技术。

中国是除美国外，世界上唯一一个拥有成熟的IT和人工智能产业的国家。

中国的军事科技仅次于美国。

The might of China isn't that it possesses a technology no other country possesses, but that it is in the top echelon in virtually every field of technology.

中国的强大不在于它拥有其他国家尚不具备的技术，而在于它几乎在每个技术领域都处于顶尖水平。

Frank Matiella

Related

What is China’s plan to overtake the US in technologies?

There is no plan. China is doing its best to increase the well being of its people. To do that it is educating and training its people to the best of their educational systems abilities. If they have better trained and better educated people, those people will contribute more to China’s economy. If, as a consequence of trying to to what is best for its population, they surge ahead of us in technology and other areas, then perhaps we should adopt some of China’s ideas and efforts to properly training and educating all of their people.

中国计划在技术上如何赶超美国？

目前还没有计划。中国正在尽最大努力提高人民福祉。为了实现这一点，中国用系统的教育能力为中国公民提供教育和培训。如果中国人都受过良好培训和教育，就能为中国经济做出更大的贡献。如果中国为公民谋福祉的做法带来了最好的结果——在技术和其他领域领先于我们，那么也许我们应该参考中国为中国公民提供教育和培训的想法和努力。

Oh wait!! Some of these people are Black and Hispanic. We cannot train and educate them to the same level as us White Folk. They would become “equal to us, then what would happen to our white privilege. Better to not give them the same opportunities so we can continue to believe we are superior, even if it destroys the nation.

哦，等一下！！我们中有些黑人和西班牙裔。我们不能让他们像我们白人一样接受培训和教育。否则他们就会“和我们一样平等”，那么我们的白人特权还剩下什么？最好不要给他们同样的机会，这样我们就可以继续相信我们白人高人一等，就算这么做的后果将摧毁这个国家也无妨。

Max Winkler

Chinese history is replete with being the basis and birthplace of many of the common technologies that arose over the ages.

The current lead is something that originated in the West, but was successfully advanced to the current level, Super-Computers. For the past 10 years, China has been the most advanced in this area. Their space enterprises now involve TWO space stations, which they shuttle their Taiko-nauts to without the reliance on Russian shuttle rockets, like the USA.

China is moving to the cutting edge for 4th Generation Nuclear, implementing Molten Salt Reactors, originally used but discarded by the USA, a safe and clean form of Nuclear that makes a Chernobyl or Fukushima impossible.

历史上，中国长期都是许多常见技术的诞生地。

目前中国处于领先地位的技术起源于西方，但中国成功地将其发展到现在的水平，比如超级计算机。在过去10年里，中国在这一领域一直保持第一。他们的航天企业现在拥有两个空间站，他们自己就能将宇航员送上空间站，不像美国，还得依赖俄罗斯的宇宙飞船。

中国正在走向第四代核能的前沿，成功实施了熔盐反应堆，这项技术是美国最先使用但被美国舍弃的，这是一种安全、清洁的核形式，不会导致切尔诺贝利或福岛核电站的事故。

Ray Comeau

Related

Is China the centre piece for technology?

Thanks for request

Technology is a very broad term.

There are four fields a where China is basically at the leading edge - materials science, chemistry, engineering technology and computer science. This has resulted in huge advances in high-speed rail systems, telecommunications, aerospace, quantum, military systems (including hyper-sonics), reforestation, nuclear fusion, etc.

Meanwhile others are more advanced in fields like medical science, robotics, etc. For space research, China is ranked 2nd to the US.

中国是世界科技的中心吗?

科技是一个非常大的概念。

中国在材料科学、化学、工程技术和计算机科学四个领域处于基本全球领先的地位。由此，中国在高铁系统、电信、航空航天、量子、军事系统(包括超音速)、再造林、核聚变等方面取得了巨大进步。

而其他国家在医学、机器人等领域则更为先进。在太空研究方面，中国排名第二，仅次于美国。

Recently China's budget for R&D equated to 2.4% of GDP across 520 national laboratories and 350 national engineering centres. This excludes Chinese corporate R&D departments. Huawei is an above average example of the investment some Chinese companies will make.

Not to be forgotten is the many hundreds of Foreign funded R&D centres in China, of which Shanghai alone is home to some 500.

I would say China is clearly a centre for the advancement of technology, in a number of area's.

近年，中国520个国家实验室和350个国家工程中心的研发预算已相当于GDP的2.4%，这还不包括中国企业的研发部门。华为就是中国企业在研发投资方面的典范。

别忘了，中国拥有上千个外资研发中心，仅上海一地就有大约500家。

我想说，在许多领域，中国显然已是科技进步的中心。

Z. Shen

1. KBBF

Potassium beryllium fluoroborate (KBBF) is a non-linear optical crystal that can transform laser light into deep ultraviolet(DUV) for use in solid state lasers. China has embargoed this technology, so KBBF crystals are currently unavailable outside of China. Materials science: China's crystal cache

1. KBBF

氟硼酸铍钾是一种非线性光学晶体，可以将激光转化为深紫外光，用于固体激光器。中国已经禁止这项技术外流，所以氟硼酸铍钾晶体目前在中国以外无法获得。材料科学：中国的晶体贮藏材料

2. Vibration-Simulation Table

This technology and products have been embargoed by US for many years, but China later overtook US in this field. In 2005 NASA could not find a vibration testing table over 9 tons and had to import a 16 ton vibration testing table from a Chinese company.

China Unveils The World Biggest 70-Ton Vibration-Simulation Table

2. 模拟振动台

这项技术和产品被美国保密多年，但中国后来在这一领域超过了美国。2005年，美国国家航空航天局找不到9吨级以上的振动试验台，不得不从一家中国公司进口了16吨的振动试验台。

中国展示了世界上最大的70吨模拟振动台

航天科技集团成功研制世界最大推力电动振动试验系统_中国航天科技集团公司

3. Bio-engineered cornea

Chinese R&D team rolls out bio-engineered cornea

4. Titanium alloy structural components.

China develo world's largest 3D printer, prints 6m metal parts in one piece

5. Quantum computing

6. Green-/nano-printing technology

And many others.

3.仿生角膜

中国研发团队推出仿生角膜

4. 钛合金结构部件

中国正在研发世界上最大的3D打印机，可以打印6米的完整金属零件

5. 量子计算机

6. 绿色- / 纳米打印技术

还有其他许多许多。

Lance Chambers

Related

What is the biggest technological advantage China has over the US?

They graduate between 10 - 12 Scientist for every 1 in the USA. As I’m sure you are aware it is science that drives almost every single innovation on the planet and the country with the most and best scientists will surpass every other nation and that will be China.

中国对美国最大的科技优势是什么？

他们每年毕业的科研人员是美国的10到12倍。我相信你也知道，科学推动了地球上几乎所有的创新，拥有最多、最好科学家的国家将超过其他国家，没错，就是中国。

The US, in effect, surrendered and gave away their manufacturing because it was cheaper and there was a lot more profit to be made by setting up in China even if you did have to take a Chinese partner and share your IP. Manufacturing is often dirty, lowly paid, requires long shifts, is thankless and mindless. Americas still wanted a living wage and a living wage in China is a lot lot less than in the USA. With money to be made in China over 4500 American companies set up in China and another 250,000+ from other nations did the same.

实际上，美国放弃了美国制造，因为在中国设立工厂成本更低，利润更高，就算代价是必须和中国的合作伙伴分享你的知识产权。制造业往往环境脏，工资低，需要长时间的轮班，吃力不讨好又机械重复。美国人想要最低生活工资，而中国的最低生活工资比起美国还会低得多。于是4500多家美国公司在中国设立了公司，其他国家也在中国设立了25万多家公司。

Those corporations made a fortune and they continue to do so and China rose up the wealth ladder faster than any other nation.

China also has another massive advantage and that is that they are ruled by a body that isn’t voted in but that rather are selected based on merit. This allows them to make very rapid decisions that will be implemented very quickly. In the Western de ocracies there can be numerous agencies, individuals, government oversight committees, etc., etc. that have a right to comment and delay implementation and as you can imagine nations that have to go through these torturous procedures will and do fall behind when you have a nation like China ready, competent, and driven to grow that is leaving the rest of us in their wake.

这些公司赚到了钱就继续下去，所以中国在财富阶梯上的进步速度比其他国家都更快。

中国还有另一个巨大的优势，那就是他们的机构靠的是才华品德。所以他们能够非常迅速地做出决定，并很快实施。西方国家有着许多机构、个人、政府监督委员会等，他们有权点评和推迟政策的实施，正如你可以想象的那样，当中国这样的国家已经做好准备、有能力、有动力发展时，那些还在折磨人的流程中苦耗的国家就注定落后了。

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