Why are businessmen of Chinese descent more successful in Southeast Asia than those of Indian descent?

为什么华裔商人在东南亚比印度裔商人更成功？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Roy Goh

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What makes many Chinese businessmen successful in countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines?

是什么让许多中国商人在马来西亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾等国如此成功？

1.Work Ethic.

a.Historically, China was a pretty shitty place until after the reforms in 1978. So the Chinese Diaspora from before that time were people driven to earn a better life. You don’t leave your village, family and home to earn a better life in some farway land by not having some very serious work ethic and determination.

1.职业道德。

a.在1978年改革之前，很多中国人被迫背井离乡讨生活。如果你没有认真的职业道德和决心，就不用背井离乡去遥远的地方赚钱了。

2.富不过三代

a.A Chinese idiom that roughly means “Wealth does not pass 3 generations”. Chinese families are generally mindful of this idiom. Being mindful helps set the mindset not to take things for granted.

2.富不过三代

a.中国有句古话叫“富不过三代”。中国家庭都很认可这句话。这种警觉有助于调整心态，不会把一切都当做理所当然。

3.Chinese have strong emphasis on filial piety.

a.We invest in our children as a priority because we want them to have “a life better than ours”. And we place emphasis on education as the foundation of a better life.

b.We place an emphasis on taking care of our previous generation because we understand their sacrifices for us. We are taught filial piety towards our elders and try to make sure their lives are eased.

3.中国人很重视孝道。

a.中国家庭把培养孩子放在第一位，因为我们希望他们“过得比我们更好”。我们认为教育是创造美好生活的基础。

b.我们赡养我们的长辈，因为我们明白他们为我们做出的牺牲。我们从小接受教育，要求子孙孝敬长辈，让他们安享晚年。

c.In older times where wage disparities and the education multiplier were significantly less, ethnic Chinese understood somehow that larger families with more children and thus more hands increased the overall chances, survival and potential wealth of the whole family unit.

d.In more modern times with the strange capitalist economy where wages shrink while economic wealth grows, ethnic Chinese have inherently understood the importance / impact of family planning on the foundation of their children. Knowing how much money can be invested into how many children is pretty much a subconscious skill.

c.以前，大家的工资和教育差距都比现在要小得多，华人就明白一个道理：孩子越多，家族越大，就拥有更多的助力，能带来更多的机会和潜在财富。

d.在现代的zb主义经济时代，工资缩水而经济财富增长，华人又本能地明白计划生育对孩子根基的重要性/影响。他们知道可以在多少个孩子身上投入多少钱，这几乎是一种潜意识的技能。

4.The primary reason a person is rich is that the person’s parents are rich.

a.Remember that your chances of being wealthy is more likely if you are born to a wealthy family. You can take more risks and be an entrepreneur if your family is already wealthy. Hence, you will find a larger percentage of successful business people because their parents were successful business people.

i.If you think class divides are bad, the class divides among ethnic Chinese are particularly bad because of this point. I wouldn’t be particularly surprised that the Gini coefficient within this ethnic group is the worst among every other South East Asian ethnic or national group.

4.一个人有钱的主要原因是他的父母有钱。

a.记住，如果你出生在一个富裕的家庭，你富裕的机会也就更大。如果你的家庭已经很富裕，你可以承担更多的风险，创业经商。因此，你会发现许多成功商人之所以成功，是因为他们的父母本身也是成功的商人。

i.如果你认为阶级分层不公平，那么华人的阶级分层尤为严重。华人群体的基尼系数是所有东南亚民族或国家群体中最糟糕的。

5.To an ethnic Chinese, nepotism is not a bad thing

a.Well, technically only true if the person isn’t Westernized.

b.Kee things in the family is a good thing. Hence, ethnic Chinese tended to groom siblings, children, nephew-nieces and cousins to take key parts of a business enterprise. Combine work ethic and the filial piety, you’d find many Chinese run family business where everybody down to the secretary are all from the same family. All striving together from common traditions for shared prosperity.

5.对华人来说，裙带关系并非坏事

a.严格来说，只有当这个人未被西化时才成立。

b.肥水不流外人田是好事。所以华人愿意培养兄弟姐妹、子女、侄子侄女和堂兄弟姐妹在企业的关键岗位任职。结合职业道德和孝顺，很多华人企业都是家族企业，从高层到秘书都来自同一个家庭。共同奋斗，共同繁荣。

6.Chinese language is a curious creature

a.I am a thoroughly Westernized ethnic Chinese; I think in English. When I listen and observe my Chinese educated friends carefully, there are some very obvious differences in how we think and perceive the world. The Chinese educated have an innate sense that is able to grasp certain difficult or implied concepts very quickly. There are certain philosophical and logical concepts that come very easily to them that I take some time and effort to work around mentally.

b.This is particularly true of certain people and especially to the “leaders of industry”. They possess not just intellect but a certain flavour of wisdom.

6. 汉语是一种奇怪的语言

a .我是一个彻底西化的华裔；英语已经是我的母语了。当我仔细聆听和观察受过中式教育的朋友们的言行时，我发现我们在思考和感知世界的方式上有一些非常明显的差异。

受过中式教育的中国人有一种天生的判断力，能够很快地掌握某些困难或隐含的概念。他们可以很轻松地理解某些哲学和逻辑概念，而我需要花费一些时间和精力才能想通。

b. 某些人尤其如此，尤其是那些“行业领袖”。他们不仅才智出众，还拥有智慧。

Khengchat Ng

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Why were the Chinese so successful in spreading across Southeast Asia?

为什么中国人能如此成功在东南亚各处落脚定居？

They did not purposefully intend to be “successful”. It was a combination of two factors : the need for people to develop the region ( pull factor ) and the ongoing disasters in China ( the push factor ). They were initially interested only in making money and then go back. However, the independence of South East Asian countries post World War 2 meant that they could take up citizenships so generously offered to them and stayed on.

他们并非有意追求这种“成功”。这个结果是两个因素一起造成的：人们对该地区发展的需求(拉动因素)和中国发生的灾害(推动因素)。中国人最初只对赚钱感兴趣，赚到钱就回去了。可二战后东南亚国家的独立意味着他们可以轻松获得东南亚国家慷慨给予的公民身份，并留下来。

They Chinese had the qualities of :

1.Self reliance and resourceful and hence did not pose a strain on government upon arrival.

2.They had extensive family and clan connections which allowed them to settle in easily.

3.By and large they were uninterested in power politics and did not make the colonial powers and later the local people feel threatened.

4.They are a very adaptable people and adjust themselves to the realities of the localities they settled in.

5.Until today, the only issues concerning them is they their know how and industriousness leave little pickings for other people.

6.Of course, it must be asked why the Japanese and Koreans were not attracted to South East Asia.

中国人有以下特点：

1.自力更生、足智多谋，初到时不会给当地政府造成压力。

2.他们有庞大的家族和宗族人脉，很容易定居下来。

3.他们对政治不感兴趣，不会让殖民列强和后来的当地人民感到威胁。

4.他们是一个适应性很强的民族，能够根据他们定居地的实际情况适时调整。

5.直到今天，与他们有关的唯一问题是他们的能力和勤奋几乎没有给别人留下多少余地。

6.当然了，还有一个问题无法绕开：为什么日本人和韩国人对东南亚兴趣不大呢？

Joseph Paul. M

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Why was there a Chinese influence in Southeast Asia but not an Indian one?

It’s the opposite, aside from Vietnam. The vast majority of foreign influence in Maritime Southeast Asia is from India. Only recently did Chinese and Islamic cultural influence supercede Indian in places like Singapore and Malaysia.

为什么中国在东南亚颇有影响力，印度没有呢？

除了越南之外，现实情况和你的说法正好相反。在东南亚沿海地区，绝大多数外国影响力都来自印度。直到最近，中国文化和YSL文化的影响才在新加坡和马来西亚等地取代了印度。

Places like Bali are still majority Hindu today, not to mention places like Myanmar and Thailand preserving Indian Buddhism well after it was extinguished in the subcontinent itself.

One outlier would be the Philippines, which has very little Indian or Chinese cultural influence in comparison to their main foreign cultural influence. Latin culture is the primary foreign cultural input in the Philippines.

巴厘岛等地现在仍然以印度教为主，更不用说缅甸和泰国这样的地方了，印度佛教在印度次大陆已经失传，但在这些国家至今仍得到很好的保存。

但菲律宾是个例外，和主要的外国文化影响相比，印度和中国文化对其影响都很小。菲律宾的主要外来文化是拉丁文化。

Alan S Tan

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Why was there a Chinese influence in Southeast Asia but not an Indian one?

You must be blind. Where do you think Curry Comes from? Hainan Island?

Look carefully at Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Indian culture is firmly entrenched… from the Ramayana to cuisine to clothes.

为什么中国在东南亚颇有影响力，印度没有呢？

你一定是瞎了吧。你觉得咖喱是哪来的？海南吗？

仔细观察一下泰国、马来西亚和印度尼西亚吧。从罗摩衍那到美食再到服装，印度文化根深蒂固。

Sam Zbib

Indians and Chinese have differing skills

Chinese are better at making things, this includes the whole creative process from inception, to design to production. They are masters

The Indians are better at communicating and management. That’s why you see more Indians in the West in politics and management and software (heavily communications intensive field).

印度人和中国人有不同的技能

中国人更擅长制造东西，包括从开始到设计到生产的整个创造过程。中国人是大师。

印度人更擅长沟通和管理。所以西方国家的政治、管理和软件领域(需要大量沟通的领域)里有很多印度人。

another issue that’s worthy of mention is that Chinese were not colonizable. Indians not only accepted foreign dominion, but also the colonizers language or religion and fought their wars for hundreds of years. Chinese? Nope. don’t even try. They might lose a war or two, but they keep going. Which is why it’s a folly for the US to subjugate or contain them.

Europeans discovered that early on.

另一个值得一提的问题是，中国人是不可殖民的。印度人不仅接受了外国统治，还接受了殖民者的语言和宗教。中国人呢？绝不可能。想都别想。他们可能会输掉一两次战争，但他们一定会坚持。所以美国想要征服中国或遏制中国，绝对是自取其辱的愚蠢行为。

欧洲人很早就发现了这一点了。

Which brings back to the issue of correlation between regions with Chinese presence and prosperity- outside of China:

San Francisco: 22% Chinese

Vancouver: 20% Chinese

Malaysia : 22 % Chinese

Indonesia: 4 % Chinese

Singapore: 80% Chinese

Thailand: 10%

这又绕回了有华人存在的地区与成功之间的相关性问题—在中国以外的地区：

旧金山：有22%华人

温哥华：有20%华人

马来西亚：有22%华人

印尼：有4%华人

新加坡：有80%华人

泰国：有10%华人

all are successful places with significant Chinese presence and already prosperous or on an ascendant path to prosperity . No such correlation exst, to my mind, with places with Indian ethnic presence.

So this could inspire a simple formula: Chinese immigrants generally lead to prosperity.

这些有华人存在的地区都很成功，已经取得了经济繁荣，或者正在走向繁荣。在我看来，有印度民族存在的地方就没有这种关联性。

因此，我们可以推导出一个简单的公式：中国移民通常都会带来繁荣。

R.M.L.

Well, I could say that Chinese people have higher IQs, but Indians say that Indians do and that Chinese people are “stupid.”

我会说中国人智商比较高，但是印度人会说印度人智商更高，中国人很“愚蠢”。

Fred Chuatiuco

The Chinese diaspora that is in anywhere in the world have a strong sense of community, and place, especially in hel newcomers and accommodating each other. This is manifest in the vitality of Chinatowns.

Indians do their own thing and why you don’t have Indiatown..

地球上所有地方的华人都有强烈的社区意识和地方意识，尤其愿意帮助新来者，也愿意相互体谅。

印度人只顾自己，所以你们没有印度城…

On Demand Journalism

Chinese immigrants arrived in the region centuries ago and established strong business networks, which have been passed down through generations. Their emphasis on education, frugality, and entrepreneurship has contributed to their economic success. Chinese communities often prioritize collective efforts and maintain close ties, fostering a supportive environment for business ventures.

On the other hand, while there are successful Indian entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, the historical context has influenced the overall outcomes. These observations are generalized and don't reflect the full diversity and complexty of individual experiences within both communities.

几个世纪前，中国移民来这里落脚，逐步打造了强大的商业网络，并代代相传。他们重视教育、勤俭持家和企业家精神，促成了他们的经济成功。中国社区往往把集体努力放在第一位，并保持密切联系，打造宜商环境。

相比之下，虽然东南亚地区也有成功的印度企业家，但历史背景影响了整体结果。这些观察都是以一概全的，并不能反映两个群体中的全部差异化和复杂性。

Santhakumar V

Though there are Indian businessmen all around the world, Chinese outnumber Indians in this regard. This is despite the fact that the mainland China was against capitalism for a long time. My sense is that all sections of Chinese have traits/experience which enable enterprise building whereas similar traits/experience prevails only for a section of Indians. The caste system may have prevented the dissemination of such traits to all Indians.

虽然世界各地都有印度商人，但中国人在经商方面超过了印度人。这还是在中国大陆长期反对zb主义的情况下发生的。我认为中国人都有能够经营企业的天份和经验，但只有一小部分印度人有这种能力。种姓制度可能也阻碍了这种能力的传播。