How poor is Vietnam compared to the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia?

跟菲律宾、泰国、印度尼西亚和马来西亚比起来，越南有多穷？

以下是Quora网友的评价：

ChatGPT

According to data from the World Bank, Vietnam is considered to be a lower-middle-income country, with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of $1,260 in 2021. This is lower than the Philippines, which has a GNI per capita of $3,050, but higher than Indonesia and Thailand, which have GNIs per capita of $1,180 and $5,710 respectively. Malaysia, on the other hand, is considered to be an upper-middle-income country, with a GNI per capita of $9,210.It's worth noting that this is just one measure of a country's wealth and it's important to consider other factors such as income inequality and access to resources and services when comparing countries. Additionally, the economic situation of a country can change over time and these numbers may not be fully reflective of the current situation in these countries.

根据世界银行的数据，越南还是一个中低收入国家，2021年人均国民总收入GNI为1260美元，低于菲律宾（GNI为3050美元），高于印度尼西亚（GNI为1180美元）和泰国（GNI为5710美元）。马来西亚是中上收入国家，GNI为9210美元。值得注意的是，GNI只是衡量一个国家财富的一个指标，国家之前的对比还要考虑其他因素，如收入不平等和获得资源和服务的机会。另外，一个国家的经济状况可能会随着时间的推移而变化，这些数字可能无法完全反映这些国家的当前状况。

Os Wright

I am a 73 year old American who lives in Hanoi and I would asbsolutely not characterize Vietnam as “poor”. I also lived in Europe for 23 years. Hanoi has non of the destitution and desperation that I saw in Rome and Milano, in Los Angeles and most major cities in the US. Many people here have to work very hard to make a living but that is NOT POOR ! They have their ancient culture based primarily is a confuccian code of ethics, strong family values, love and respect for the society and country. There is a sense of hope here and you see it in how young people marry early and begin to have children. That is NOT POOR.

我是美国人，73岁了，就住在河内，在我看来越南绝对算不上”贫穷”。我在欧洲也生活过23年，我在罗马、米兰、洛杉矶和美国大多数主要城市看到过的那种贫困和绝望在河内都是不存在的。虽然很多越南人必须非常努力地工作才能谋生，但这不叫穷！他们古老的文化遵循儒家的道德规范，具有强烈的家庭价值观，对社会和国家十分热爱和尊重。人们在越南是看得到希望的，这里的年轻人早婚早育，这不叫穷！

Poor is what you see in the west; the homlessness, the crime, shooting, drug addiction, sense of hopelessness, sense of being lost, the extreme anger, the extreme divisions between the filthy rich and the rest of society.

穷是你在西方社会看到的：无家可归，犯罪，枪击，吸毒，绝望，迷失，极度的愤怒，富人阶层和其他阶层的极度分裂。

In Hanoi petty crime is almost non exstent, Violent crime is practically non exstent. Mothers excourage their children to speak to the foreigners to practice english. My god what parent in the west would do that. Woke culture has instigated fear in everyone over everything. People are immensely friendly and helpful here. THIS IS NOT POOR. The idea that people are poor here comes from western hubris and arrogance which presumes that “I am rich because I have more gadgets”. (while I pretend that the desperate, crime infexted ghettos don’t exst) I tell my many friends in Hanoi, “you should realize how lucky to have this country”….”absolutely do not envie or imitate the west”.

但在河内，几乎没有轻型犯罪，暴力犯罪更是几乎不存在。妈妈们鼓励孩子和外国人说话来练习英语，西方的父母谁敢这么做！觉醒文化煽动了每个人对一切的恐惧。而越南人非常友好，乐于助人。认为越南贫穷的想法源于西方人的傲慢和自大，假装绝望、犯罪猖獗的贫民区不存在，我跟河内的许多朋友说“你们应该意识到你们生活在越南是多么幸运的事”....“绝对不需要眼红或模仿西方”。

Richard Chiu

There is not much reason to put Malaysia and Thailand in this group of countries. Malaysia is a high-middle income country now, and Thailand is a mid-income country. Both countries have graduated from develo country status and they are not poor, especially Malaysia.

Now Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam are still develo countries. Out of these 3 countries, if you just look at the GDP per capita, Vietnam is the lowest.

没有理由把马来西亚和泰国扯进来做对比。马来西亚现在已经是中高收入国家了，泰国也已经是一个中等收入国家了。这两个国家都已经脱离了发展中国家阵营，他们都不穷，尤其是马来西亚。

现在菲律宾、印度尼西亚和越南仍然是发展中国家。如果你只看这三个国家的人均GDP，越南是最低的。

But in terms of poverty, Vietnam is doing very well. In 2017, only 7% of Vietnamese lived under poverty line, where 10% of Indonesian, 21% of Filipino lived under poverty. Vietnam is a socialist/centrally planned economy. Although the average GDP/Income is low, they don’t have a big income gap. Most Vietnamese don’t earn a lot of money, but they earn enough and protected by socialism to be living above poverty line.

But in Indonesia and the Philippines, especially the Philippines, the income gap is still huge and in the Philippines, 1/5 of people lives under poverty line.

但就贫困而言，越南做得很好。2017年，只有7%的越南人生活在贫困线以下，相较之下印尼有10%，菲律宾有21%。越南是社会主义/中央计划经济。虽然人均GDP/收入很低，但民众的收入差距并不大。大多数越南人挣的钱不多，但足够生活，还能享受到社会主义的保护，生活在贫困线以上。

但在印尼和菲律宾，特别是菲律宾，收入差距仍然很大，菲律宾有五分之一的人生活在贫困线以下。

I visited Hanoi and Ho Chi Min City and you won’t find any beggar there. But if you go to Jakarta, Manila, you will see so many jobless people begging for money on the street.

So on average, yes Vietnamese do not make as much. But when you are talking about poverty, the Philippines is the worst in the group by a big margin.

我去过河内和胡志明市，你在那里找不到任何乞丐。但如果你去雅加达、马尼拉，你会看到很多失业的人在街上乞讨。

所以平均来说，越南人虽然挣得不算多。但若论贫困，菲律宾才是这几个国家中最穷的，收入差距很大。

KINH TD

Sorry for my poor grammar. As a Malaysian who maried with Vietnamese, I visited wife family at Vn several times, we live in Soc Trang is more likely as my hometown Kuala Selangor. Latest trip is early July this year, totaly diffrent from last trip. Poor vs Malaysia? I don’t think so, maybe its my narrow sight cause I only visits countryside. Their lifestyle is relax and spending for daily expenses is better than Malaysia. Vietnam’s cities make me feel of motorbikes rush, country side just calm but only the honk of the bus and motorcycle. I miss there, people, seafood, coffee, cashewnuts, Banh Mi, and a lot, I wish I could live at there for my retire life.

我语法不太好，大家见笑了。我是马来西亚人，娶了越南姑娘，我去过越南的妻子家几次，住在Soc Trang，和我的家乡吉隆坡的雪兰莪州非常像。我们最近一次去越南是今年7月初，已经和上一次去完全不同了。越南比马来西亚穷吗？我不这么认为，可能是我的视野太狭窄了，因为我只在乡下活动。越南人的生活方式很放松，日常开销也比马来西亚便宜。越南的城市到处都是飞驰的摩托车，但越南的乡下非常宁静。我想念越南，想念越南的人，海鲜，咖啡，腰果，越南菜，还有很多，我希望我退休后去越南定居。

Chenko Azcrilez

I visited Hanoi, Vietnam, two years ago, and I didn’t see any different between Thailand and Vietnam. The street looked clean, infact without electric wires, it looked even better than Bangkok.

Vietnam may not have as many tall buildings as Thailand, but it does not mean they are poor, Many developted countries in Europe do not have tall buildings as well.

两年前我去过越南河内，我没觉得泰国和越南有什么不同。越南的街道很干净，没有裸露的电线，看起来比曼谷还顺眼。

越南也许没有泰国那么多高楼大厦，但这并不意味着越南穷，很多欧洲发达国家也没有高楼大厦。

Minh Trương

Comparing Vietnam's economic conditions to those of the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia is a nuanced task. Vietnam has made significant strides in its economic development over the past few decades, and it is no longer considered a "poor" country by many measures.

将越南的经济状况与菲律宾、泰国、印度尼西亚和马来西亚进行比较，还是很有难度的。在过去的几十年里，越南在经济发展方面取得了长足的进步，从很多方面来看，越南已经不再“贫穷”了。

Economic Growth: Vietnam has consistently achieved robust economic growth, driven by a rapidly expanding manufacturing and export sector. This has led to improvements in the standard of living for many Vietnamese citizens.

Poverty Reduction: Vietnam has been successful in reducing its poverty rate significantly over the years. Government policies, including investment in infrastructure and education, have played a crucial role in lifting millions out of poverty.

经济增长：在快速扩张的制造业和出口的推动下，越南实现了强劲的经济增长。越南公民的生活水平得以提高。

减贫：多年来，越南在显著降低贫困率方面取得了成功，包括基础设施和教育投资在内的政策在帮助数百万人脱贫方面发挥了至关重要的作用。

Foreign Investment: Vietnam has become an attractive destination for foreign investment, which has further stimulated economic growth and job creation.

Global Trade: The country actively participates in global trade, benefiting from export-oriented industries. This has contributed to a more diversified economy.

Social Development: Vietnam has made notable progress in areas like healthcare, education, and access to basic services, further improving living standards.

Income Distribution: Although income inequality exsts, it is generally more evenly distributed compared to some other countries in the region.

外国投资：越南已成为吸引外国投资的目的地，进一步刺激了经济增长和就业机会。

全球贸易：越南积极参与全球贸易，出口导向型产业为越南带来了好处，经济更加多元化了。

社会发展：越南在医疗、教育和获得基本服务等领域取得了显著进展，进一步提高了生活水平。

收入分配：尽管存在收入不平等，但与亚洲地区其他一些国家相比，收入分配总体上更为均衡。

While Vietnam still faces challenges, such as environmental concerns and income disparities between urban and rural areas, it has made remarkable progress in improving the overall quality of life for its citizens. When compared to the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, Vietnam is no longer considered "poor" but rather a country on a path of sustained economic growth and development.

虽然越南仍然面临着环境污染和城乡收入差距等问题，但它在提高公民整体生活质量方面取得了显著进步。跟菲律宾、泰国、印度尼西亚和马来西亚相比，越南已经不再是”贫穷”国家了，越南现在是一个经济持续增长的发展中国家。

Gunawan M.S

Malaysia's GNI per capita is already on high level, Thailand's is upper middle level with Indonesia too, and Vietnam & Filipina are in lower middle level. But AFAIK, Vietnam's GNI per capita is already a bit higher than Filipina, and not much behind compared to Indonesia (whose distance with Thailand over it is bigger than with Vietnam below it).

So i don't think Vietnam can be associated with the word POOR among those countries, fact that they are not positioned at the LOWEST compared to others in the list. And considering their faster economic growth, i am not gonna be surprised if they can overtake Indonesia sooner than later, unless it slows down significantly in the coming years, or Indonesia can increase its economic growth to match Vietnam.

马来西亚的人均国民总收入处于较高水平，泰国和印度尼西亚处于中上水平，越南和菲律宾还处于中下水平。但是，越南的人均国民总收入已经略高于菲律宾，和印尼相差无几(印尼与泰国的差距大于印尼与越南的差距)。

因此，我觉得越南跟贫穷这个词扯不上关系，事实上，和问题里提到的其他国家相比，越南经济并非最差的。越南的经济增长速度最快，除非未来几年显著放缓，或者印尼的经济增长实现加速，否则我笃信越南可以很快超过印尼。

Taufiq Muhammadi

Similar take with Adrian Muhammad's answer to How poor is Vietnam compared to the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia? but using GDP per capita adjusted by PPP instead. PPP basically took into account the different purchasing power of the dollar in each country. Here’s the data from GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)

The ranking is same with GDP per capita:

我和Adrian Muhammad有着相似的看法，但我会用购买力平价调整后的人均GDP来作对比。购买力平价基本上考虑了一美元在各个国家的购买力差异。以下数据来自人均GDP，购买力平价

Indonesia = Thailand 2006, Malaysia 1996/1998

Philippines = Indonesia 2008, Thailand 2000, Malaysia 1991

Vietnam = Philippines 2012, Indonesia 2005, Thailand 1994

Stephen McInerney ‘s comment on the question is also correct that these numbers are averages. Let’s see the Gini index estimation to see how much inequality happens in each country. Higher number mean higher inequality

泰国=2005年的马来西亚

印度尼西亚=2006年的泰国，1996/1998年的马来西亚

菲律宾=2008年的印度尼西亚，2000年的泰国，1991年的马来西亚

越南=2012年的菲律宾，2005年的印度尼西亚，1994年的泰国

Stephen McInerney对这个问题的评论也是对的，这些数字是平均值。我们可以通过基尼指数看看每个国家的不平等程度。数字越大，不平等程度越高

This is surprising for me since I thought the inequality in Indonesia is very bad. But looks like it is still better than other ASEAN countries? It is accelerating though, understandable with current development but concerning.

这个表格让我很惊讶，因为我认为印尼的不平等非常严重。但看起来印尼还是比其他东盟国家好？不过，印尼正在加速发展，现有的发展可以理解，但令人担忧。