How did China become so successful in economy and technology despite the numerous western sanctions, and despite being a develo country managed to produce world class products and systems? While other develo countries like India couldn't?

在西方无数次制裁下，中国如何在经济和技术上取得如此成功？作为一个发展中国家，中国成功地造出了世界一流的产品和系统，可印度等其他发展中国家都没能做到？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Rohit Kumar

China's economic and technological success is the result of a number of factors, including:

中国经济和技术的成功是许多因素的结果，包括：

A strong focus on education and innovation. China has invested heavily in education, from primary school to university level. This has created a large pool of skilled workers, which is essential for innovation. China has also created a number of favorable policies for innovation, such as tax breaks and government subsidies.

大力关注教育和创新。从小学到大学，中国在教育方面投入了大量资金，培养出了大量的熟练工人，这对创新至关重要。中国还为创新制定了一系列优惠政策，如税收减免和政府补贴。

A favorable business environment. China has made it relatively easy for businesses to operate in the country. This includes providing access to capital, land, and other resources. The government has also taken steps to reduce corruption and improve the rule of law.

良好的营商环境。企业在中国的运营相对容易，这包括提供获得资本、土地和其他资源的途径。政府还采取措施减少腐败和改善法治。

Access to foreign technology and investment. China has been open to foreign investment and technology transfer. This has helped the country to acquire the latest technologies and knowledge.

A large and growing market. China has a large and growing market, which provides opportunities for businesses to grow and innovate.

获得外国技术和投资。中国一直对外国投资和技术转让持开放态度。这有助于中国获得最新的科技和知识。

一个巨大且不断增长的市场。中国有一个不断扩大的庞大市场，为企业发展和创新提供了机遇。

A strong government that can implement reforms and take risks. The chinese has been willing to implement reforms that have helped to promote economic growth. The government has also been willing to take risks, such as investing in new technologies.

India has also made some progress in economic and technological development, but it has not been as successful as China. Some of the reasons for this include:

一个能够实施改革和承担风险的强大政府。中国一直愿意实施有助于促进经济增长的改革。政府也愿意承担风险，比如投资于新技术。

印度在经济和科技发展方面也取得了一些进展，但没有中国那么成功，部分原因如下：

A less favorable business environment. India has a more complex and bureaucratic business environment than China. This makes it more difficult for businesses to operate in India.

Less access to foreign technology and investment. India has been less open to foreign investment and technology transfer than China. This has made it more difficult for India to acquire the latest technologies and knowledge.

营商环境不佳。印度的商业环境比中国更复杂、更官僚，企业在印度运营较为困难。

获得外国技术和投资的机会减少。与中国相比，印度对外国投资和技术转让的开放程度较低。印度更难获得最新的科技和知识。

A smaller and less affluent market. India has a smaller and less affluent market than China. This means that there are fewer opportunities for businesses to grow and innovate.

A weaker government that is less able to implement reforms and take risks. The Indian government has been less willing to implement reforms that have helped to promote economic growth. The government has also been less willing to take risks, such as investing in new technologies.

一个更小、更不富裕的市场。与中国相比，印度的市场规模较小，也不那么富裕。这意味着企业增长和创新的机会更少。

政府不够坚定，实施改革和承担风险的能力较弱。印度政府一直不太愿意实施有助于促进经济增长的改革措施，也不太愿意承担风险，比如为新技术投资。

In addition to the factors mentioned above, there are also some cultural factors that may have contributed to China's economic and technological success. For example, Chinese culture emphasizes hard work, education, and respect for authority. These values have helped to create a society that is conducive to economic growth and innovation.

除了上述因素外，还有一些文化因素可能促成了中国的经济和技术成功。例如，中国文化强调勤奋、教育和尊重权威。这些价值观能打造一个有利于经济增长和创新的社会。

Of course, no country is perfect, and China still faces a number of challenges. However, the country's economic and technological success is undeniable. China is now a major economic power and a global leader in a number of industries. It is likely that China will continue to play an increasingly important role in the global economy in the years to come.

当然，没有哪个国家是完美的，中国也仍面临着许多挑战。但中国在经济和科技上的成功是不可否认的。中国现在是世界主要的经济大国，在许多行业都是全球的领导者。未来几年，中国很可能继续在全球经济中发挥越来越重要的作用。

Nail Salon

the Chinese people are smart and hard working, I’m not saying that everyone is dumb but look at the Arabs, since day one they couldn’t break western imperialism, the west kept killing them and destroying them tell this day, but China despite the west trying to destroy they stood strong

中国人聪明又勤劳，我不是说别人都很愚蠢，但看看阿拉伯人，他们无法打破西方帝国主义，西方一直在绞杀阿拉伯，摧毁阿拉伯，但中国呢？西方也一直试图摧毁他们，但他们非常坚强。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

Depends on your Point of View

My Opinion is the Leadership and the New Chinese way of overhauling a co unist system

They worked hard , very hard

They aspired for improvement all the time

They educated their people, penetrating the most rural outposts

They took advantage of their develo status

And they had MERITOCRACY

The efficient were promoted, the inefficient were weeded away

这取决于你的个人观点。

我的观点是中国领导人和中国改革*主义制度的新方式

他们工作很努力，非常努力

他们一直渴望进步

他们为民众提供教育，普及到最偏远的乡野地区

他们利用自己的发展中国家身份

他们实施精英政治

有才能的人得到了提拔，能力低下的人被淘汰了

India is entirely different

There is no hard work, zero hard work

There is no aspiration for improvement, just a passion for headlines

The education rate is too slow. Even today one in four Indians are illiterate and that's someone who can't read or write

And we don't have a Meritocracy

Our System of Democracy has Horse Trading, Voter Buying, Vote Banks, Intimidation with Criminal Cases

God if you are a realist who removes your pink colored lenses you wear , you can see India is close and heading to a Bolivian or Venezuelan sort of leadership

印度则完全不同

印度人不愿努力，丝毫不思进取

没有进步的愿望，只有登上头条的热情

教育普及度太低了。时至今日仍有四分之一的印度人是文盲，也就是不会读书写字的人

我们没有精英政治

我们的皿煮制度伴随着妥协和交易，收买选票，票仓文化，用刑事案件恐吓

如果你是一个现实主义者，请摘下你的粉色镜片，你会发现印度的领导已经接近并一步步向玻利维亚或委内瑞拉靠拢。

At one sixth the economic clout of China, we still discuss Chinas Problems and cheer at Pakistans failures

Yet NOT ONE OF OUR PROBLEMS IS DISCUSSED. They are all pushed away with an “Aw hell” attitude or brushed away as insignificant

Chinas demography is so serious apparently that in ten years China will collapse while. Italy, South Korea and Japan with a fraction of the population have developed and thrived for 13–27 years before any slowdown was shown

Yet Indias exploding population is not a problem in the slightest. Not a word from our leadership about the same.

Ask our Quorans and they will brush it away with some random articles and some tables

虽然只有中国经济影响力的六分之一，但我们却对中国的问题评头论足，为巴基斯坦的失败而欢呼。

但我们自己的问题却无人顾及。我们带着一种“见鬼”的态度把这些问题一把推开，当做无关紧要的事。

我们说中国的人口结构十分严重，十年后就会崩溃。人口只有中国零头的意大利、韩国和日本在出现经济放缓之前，已经发展和繁荣了13-27年。

但印度人口的爆炸式增长就完全不是问题。我们的领导对此只字不提。

问问我们的quora用户，他们会随便找点文章和表格把它刷掉

Chinas food problem is so huge that they import 4% of their foodgrain yet the area under cultivation for India is 61% more but no one talks of that Or improving irrigation or anything concrete

China grew 150% more than India and 262% more than US did during Covid and lost less lives than either US or India by at least a Fifteenth for US and a Fifth for India

Such a Country cannot realistically grow except on Paper

It's simple Economics and nobody can control economic forces with lies and hype

You need real change

我们说中国的粮食问题十分严重，进口了4%的粮食，而印度的未耕地面积比中国多61%，但没人谈论这一点，也没有人讨论如何改善灌溉或任何具体的事。

在疫情期间，中国经济增长比印度高150%，比美国高262%，死亡人数比美国或印度起码少了分别十五分之一和五分之一。

印度这样的国家，除了纸面上的增长，是不可能实现实际增长的

这是简单的经济学，没有人可以用谎言和炒作来控制经济力量

你必须要有真正的改变

Emmanuel-Francis Nwaolisa Ogomegbunam

Related

Why was China able to pull itself out of the third world and develop so quickly? How come other third world nations haven’t done that?

为什么中国能够发展得如此之快，脱离第三世界？为什么其他第三世界国家没能做到？

Development always has deep roots.

Japan was not languishing in sleepy backwardness until Commodore Perry’s black ships. Neither was China a formless lump of clay. It was not waiting for President Nixon’s handshake and American capitalism to mould it into a fierce dragon.

The funny (ironic?) thing is that the Party’s line on this is more reflective of reality than Rostowian views of modernisation like this question implies. There are no great leaps, no big takeoffs. There is only steady ascension.

发展需要深厚的根基。

日本不是因为佩里准将的黑船才突然陷入落后的泥潭。中国也不是一块无形的粘土，不是尼克松总统的握手和美国资 本主义突然把它捏成了一条凶猛的龙。

有趣(讽刺?)的是，与这个问题所暗示的罗斯托维关于现代化的观点相比，该党的发展路线更多地反映了现实。中国没有伟大飞跃，没有骤然起飞，只有持续稳定的上升。

China has been a civilisational constant throughout recorded history. Until the Great Divergence of the modern era, it was the single largest economic unit on the planet.

Its encounter with the technologically superior West and Japan, their most eager student, led to the period of humiliation. That triggered a bout of self-reflection among the literati, the ‘self-strengthening movement’. It started in 1861. That was when China started to plot its return to lost glory. To pull itself out of the third world in your phrasing.

纵观历史，中国一直是个源远流长的文明。在现代之前，中国一直是地球上最大的单一经济体。

中国遭遇了有着卓越技术的西方国家和曾经最热切的学生日本，开始了一段屈辱的时期。1861年，文人群体中引发了一场自我反思的运动，即“自强运动”。从那时起，中国开始筹谋重拾昔日的荣耀。用你的话来说就是脱离第三世界。

China was not the only one to embark on westernisation as a defensive strategy. Every non-Western civilisation in the modern era did too. One can go as far back as Peter the Great shaving off the beards of his boyars or when barbarians donned togas. If you wish, the chain can be extended back to the scramble for Greek mercenaries across the Near East.

All those failed attempts at westernisation left accretions, waiting for the right helmsman and the right moment.

中国并不是唯一一个将西化作为防御战略的国家。现代的每一个非西方文明都是如此。我们甚至可以追溯到彼得大帝剃掉重骑兵的胡子或者野蛮人穿上长袍的时候。

所有失败的西化努力都留下了积淀，等待着正确的舵手和正确的时间。

The treaty ports may have been humiliating, but they also seeded a modern capitalist class. By the time of ‘opening and reform’ in 1978, China was heads and shoulders above its developmental peers. The average Chinese lived longer than they did. Their agricultural and industrial productivity numbers were also higher.

通商口岸可能是一种耻辱，但也孕育了现代资 本主义阶级。1978年中国实施“改革开放”时，已经遥遥领先于其他发展中国家了。中国人的平均寿命比过去长了，农业和工业生产能力也更高了。

Unlike most of them, China had an independent deterrent and was beholden to no power. It also had the State capacity and diplomatic infrastructure to conduct Great Power politics despite its poverty. The evidence from this ranges from its sponsorship of the Co unist Underground across Southeast Asia and parts of Africa to its affirmation as the lof China, despite Western opposition. It had already even embarked on ‘debt trap diplomacy’ projects.

与大多数国家不同，中国拥有独立的威慑力量，不受制于任何大国。尽管贫穷，但仍然拥有进行大国政治的国家能力和外交基础。从它对整个东南亚和非洲部分地区的地下组织的资助，到它不顾西方的反对，坚持自己，这些行为都是证据。中国甚至已经开展”债务陷阱外交”项目了。

Sometimes, the answers are simple.

Other Third World countries aren’t China because China beat us.

China is China because it has the Chinese and the Co unist Party of China governs China.

Japan and Russia were the winners of the self-strengthening movement. China won the globalisation movement.

The future will be multipolar. What it holds for we also-rans will, in time, get clearer.

The Chinese people, through the centuries, never lost sight of the fact that they were in a contest and what its prize entailed. Do others know that?

The high tide covers us all for now, but it will recede eventually.

有时候，答案很简单。

中国不是第三世界国家，因为中国打败了我们。

中国之所以是中国，是因为中国有中国人，有党统治中国。

日本和俄国是自强运动的赢家。而中国是全球化运动的赢家。

未来的世界是多极的。随着时间的推移，它对我们这些失败者的意义将变得更加清晰。

几个世纪以来，中国人民从未忘记他们正在参赛，也从未忘记比赛的奖品。但其他人知道吗？

潮水现在上涨，所有人都在游泳，但潮水终究会退去的。