How did China become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council?

中国是如何成为联合国安理会常任理事国的？

以下是Quora网友的评价：

Marcin Ratajczak

In 1945, the Great Powers of the victorious side of the Second World War: USSR, USA and the British Empire all agreed that, in the security Council of the new organization that was to replace the League of Nations, they should have the power of the veto in order to exert a greater degree of control over international affairs. While the western Allies wanted to add a fourth permanent member, the USSR opposed this, saying that it would upset the balance of power in favour of the West. They eventually agreed to United Kingdom’s proposal to add France. Seeing this, the USA, despite protests from other Great Powers, managed to add the Republic of China to the permanent members.

1945年，第二次世界大战的胜利方苏联、美国和大英帝国都同意，在即将取代国际联盟的新组织的安全理事会中，它们应该拥有否决权，才能对国际事务施加更大程度的控制。当西方盟国希望增加第四个常任理事国时，苏联反对这一提议，称这会打破原有的平衡，更有利于西方。最后他们同意了英国提出的法国入常的提案。于是美国也不顾其他大国的反对，设法将中华民国纳入了常任理事国。

So, all settled then, right?

I’m afraid not!

During the Security Council’s exstence, two changes in permanent membership took place

(1) In 1971 from the Republic of China to the People’s Republic of China and

(2) In 1991 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Russian Federation.

The question is about China, so we will focus on that.

貌似一切都尘埃落定了，对吧？

并没有！

在联合国安理会历史上，常任理事国发生过两次变化：

(1) 1971年中华民国被中华人民共和国替代

(2) 1991年苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟被俄罗斯联邦替代

既然这个问题是关于中国的，那么我们就将重点关注在中国上。

First, a bit of context- after the end of the Second World War, China finally ended its war with Japan that it was fighting since 1937. That was not the end of warfare on the Chinese soil, however. A civil war erupted shortly after, between Co unists supported by the USSR and the Nationalists supported by the Allies. After four bloody years, the Co unists managed to take over all of the Mainland with the Nationalists retreating to the island of Taiwan.

However, the Republic of China (now on Taiwan) has continued to claim the entirety of the Mainland and its status as the sole representative of China on the international stage. Therefore, a problem has risen- with a Great Power being represented by two entirely different countries.

首先，我先介绍一点背景—第二次世界大战结束，中国终于结束了自1937年以来的抗日战争。但中国土地上的战争仍未结束。不久之后，苏联支持的和同盟国支持的国民党之间再度爆发内战。经过四年的战争，成功地接管了整个大陆，国民党撤退到台湾岛。

但中华民国(现在的台湾)仍要求代表中国大陆，并坚持自己是中国在国际舞台上唯一代表的地位。因此，一个问题就此出现了—一个大国有了两个完全不同的国家代表。

The Soviet Union and its allies have reognized the People’s Republic of China while the Western World continued to recognize the Republic of China. Since removing or changing the seat of the Republic of China from the Security Council would require 2/3 majority in the General Assembly and majority of 9 out of 15 in the Security Council (where the Republic of China held the veto), no change has been made.

苏联及其盟国承认中华人民共和国的合法地位，而西方世界继续支持中华民国。取消或改变中华民国在安理会的席位需要大会三分之二的多数同意和安理会15个理事国中9个多数同意（其中中华民国拥有否决权），因此这一局面很长一段时间都无法改变。

On an interesting side note, the Soviet Union, as a sign of protest against Republic of China holding the seat in the Security Council and not the People’s Republic of China has not attended Security Council meetings throughout most of 1950, allowing the West to push through a resolution to send UN forces to South Korea therefore saving it from defeat in the face of co unist invasion from the North.

我要补充一个有趣的事实，苏联为了抗议中华民国在安理会占有席位，在1950年的大部分时间里都没有参加安理会会议，使得西方国家促成了一项向韩国派遣联合国部队的决议，目的是避免韩国被朝鲜击败。

Back to China’s representation- Over time, the international recognition has shifted in favour of the People’s Republic of China but the Republic of China has continued to represent China without problems until 1961. In this year, the General Assembly has decided to name the question of the representation of China an important question which would require 2/3 vote to change China’s representation in the UN.

再回头说说中国的代表权—随着时间的推移，国际舆论已经转向中华人民共和国，但中华民国直到1961年一直在国际社会上代表中国。1961年，联合国大会决定将中国代表权问题列为重要问题，获得三分之二的同意票才能变更中国在联合国的代表权。

And so it did in 1971. Albania, being the closest ally of the People’s Republic of China presented the resolution to “expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang-Kai-Shek (President of the Republic of China) and restore the rights of the People’s Republic of China”, basically meaning throwing the Republic out and inviting the People’s Republic. Other resolutions were presented to allow both to enjoy representation, but have failed. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was adopted on the 25th of October 1971 with 76 in favour, 35 against, 17 abstentions and two non-voting. The People’s Republic of China began representing China on the 15th of November and took part in its first UN Security Council meeting on the 23rd of November.

1971年，这个问题终于解决了。阿尔巴尼亚作为中华人民共和国最亲密的盟友，提出了“立即驱逐的代表，恢复中华人民共和国的权利”的决议，也即把中华民国赶出联合国，邀请中华人民共和国加入联合国。也有别的提案提出可以允许双方共享代表权，但以失败告终。联合国大会第2758号决议于1971年10月25日以76票赞成、35票反对、17票弃权和2票缺票获得通过。中华人民共和国于11月15日开始在联合国安理会代表中国，并于11月23日出席了其在联合国安理会的第一次会议。

I hope this answers your question. Even though I have strong opinions on the matter, I have tried to make as informative and apolitical as possible. Feel free to leave any comments.

我希望这能回答你的问题。尽管我对这个问题有强烈的个人立场，但我已经尽量提供客观信息，不涉及政治了。欢迎大家评论。

Chaofan Qiu

The United Nations came into being in 1945.

At that time, the government of China in law is the Republic of China(ROC). However, 4 years later, the army of China Co unist Party controlled most of China. At Oct 1st in that year, chairman Mao declared that the People's Republic of China(PRC) had been already founded. And the ROC government retreated to Taiwan, still claiming itself as the only legal government of China.

联合国于1945年成立。

当时，中国法律上的政府还是中华民国。但4年后，解放军控制了中国的大部分地区。当年10月1日宣布中华人民共和国已经成立。国民党政府撤退到台湾，仍然坚称自己是中国唯一合法的政府。

China sacrificed a lot during the war against the Japan invaders. Without China, the progress of World War II would be totally different. Therefore, President Roosevelt wanted to provide a place for China as a return. Apart from that, the China during the World War II is not the China today. China had little military power at that time, making it uncertain whether to continue fighting with Japan. The president's promise is also a encouragement to China. Besides, the Cold War broke out after the World War II. The ROC stood beside the US. So the US helped to put China into the permanent menbers of the United Nations Security Council in order to confront the rising power of the Soviet Union.For this purpose, the government of mainland de facto didn't get the place of the ROC until 1971.

中国在抗日战争中做出了巨大的牺牲。如果没有中国，第二次世界大战的进程将完全不同。因此，罗斯福总统希望为中国提供席位，作为回报。另外，二战时期的中国和今天的中国完全无法相提并论。当时的中国几乎没有军事力量，不知道能否继续和日本作战。总统的承诺也是对中国的鼓励。第二次世界大战后，冷战爆发了。中华民国站在美国一边。因此，美国帮助中国成为联合国安理会常任理事国，对抗崛起的苏联。大陆地区事实上的新中国直到1971年才取代了中华民国的席位。

After Stalin died, Nikita Khrushchev came to power. In the begng, he gave China a lot of help. However, with the revolt of USSR's domination and some conflicts between China and Soviet, China started getting away from Russia, even causing military conflicts.

When we have a look at the US in the 1970s, many reasons contributed to the decline of its power. At the same time, China successfully developed nuclear bomb and gained some influence among Africa and Latin America countries. And a regime only controlling Taiwan did not match the seat of UNSC permanent member. The PRC and the ROC does not admit the exstence of each other, so in the UN could only sit a China, and that's the People's Republic of China.

斯大林去世后，尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫上台了。上台伊始，他给了中国很多帮助。但随着多国对苏联统治的反抗和中苏之间的一些冲突，中国开始疏远苏联，甚至引发了军事冲突。

当我们回顾上世纪70年代的美国时，会发现有许多原因导致了其实力的衰落。与此同时，中国成功研制出核弹，并在非洲和拉丁美洲国家获得了一定的影响力。一个仅仅控制台湾地区的政权与联合国安理会常任理事国的地位无法匹配。中华人民共和国和中华民国互相不承认对方的存在，所以联合国内只能有一个中国，那就是中华人民共和国。

Jayant Jain

The facts behind China’s permanent seat at the UN Security Council and therefore its right to veto is quite a twisted one.

China was one of the founding Charter members of the UN since it was one of the victors of the WW2 and was one of the Allies since it fought against Japan. Therefore it became a permanent member of the UN Security Council in 1945.

Post WW2, the americans hoped that the Nationalist Government of ROC headed by Chiang Kai Shek would become its ally against Russia.

中国成为联合国安理会常任理事国及其否决权背后的过程是相当曲折的。

中国是第二次世界大战的战胜国之一，是联合国宪章的创始成员国之一。因此，它于1945年成为联合国安理会常任理事国。

二战后，美国人希望把为首的国民党政府当做其对抗俄国的盟友。

After the civil war between Chiang Kai Shek’s Nationalists and Mao’s Co unist forces in China, the co unists won and took over mainland China and called it the “People’s Republic of China” (PRC). The nationalist government of ROC retreated to the island of Taiwan where it remains till date. However in 1949 after the creation of ruled PRC, the permanent seat remained with the ROC.

Despite repeated efforts to remove ROC and replace it with PRC the resolutions put forth by Co unist China’s friends in the UN General Assembly were repeatedly defeated.

中国内战后，党取得了胜利并控制了中国大陆，命名为“中华人民共和国”。国民党政府撤退到台湾岛，直到今日。但在1949年中华人民共和国成立后，常任理事国席位仍然属于中华民国。

虽然新中国的朋友们在联合国大会上多次提出提案，要求让中国人民共和国取代中华民国的席位，但屡战屡败，屡败屡战。

Only in October 1971 was this permanent seat given to the PRC.

Therefore the Party ruled People’s Republic of China got a permanent seat and the Veto Power in the UN Security Council in October 1971 after The ROC was removed. Most probably the americans now regret their decision to give a permanent seat to ROC in 1945.

直到1971年10月，中国终于获得了常任理事国席位。

自此，中华人民共和国在1971年10月取代了中华民国，获得了联合国安理会常任理事国的席位和否决权。美国人现在可能很后悔他们在1945年给中华民国一个常任理事国席位的决定。

The misinformation that India’s first PM Jawaharlal Nehru gave away India’s seat to China is just misinformation and absolutely wrong. China already had a permanent seat since 1945.

There is also another mistaken notion that in 1953 a permanent seat was offered to India by the americans which the then Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru gave away to the PRC. For the record the US never sponsored any resolution in the UN General Assembly to give a permanent seat to India. The PRC got the permanent seat in the Security Council in 1971 as a replacement of ROC.

印度第一任总理贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁把印度的席位拱手让给中国的说法是错误的，绝对错误的。中国自1945年以来一直是常任理事国。

还有一个错误的观念是，1953年，美国人表示要为印度提供一个常任理事国席位，当时的印度总理贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁把这个席位给了中国。但根据记录，美国从未在联合国大会上提出过给予印度常任理事国席位的决议。中华人民共和国是在1971年取代中华民国成为安理会常任理事国的。

Felix in

Because China is a winner of the two world wars. Because People's Republic of China drove the Republic of China (one of the five permanent members of the United Nations) to a small island, Taiwan. Because the United Nations forces headed by the United States cannot defeat China on the Korean battlefield. That's why!

因为中国是两次世界大战的胜利国。因为中华人民共和国将中华民国(联合国五个常任理事国之一)驱逐到台湾这个小岛上。因为以美国为首的联合国军无法在朝鲜战场上打败中国。这就是为什么！