Can India Become a Semiconductor Superpower?

印度能成为半导体超级大国吗？

China claims Taiwan as its own, creating a constant risk to the semiconductor production hub that manufactures over 60% of the world's semiconductors. This dispute has resulted in military tensions between China and the US, who aims to protect Taiwan to secure its semiconductor supply.

中国声称台湾是自己的领土，台湾地区的半导体产量占世界半导体产量的60%以上。这一争端已导致中国和美国之间的军事紧张关系，美国的目标是保护台湾，确保其半导体供应。

China currently holds significant control over the global semiconductor supply chain. They dominate the production of germanium, gallium, and electronic devices in which semiconductors are used, with 36% of all electronics coming from China. Despite geopolitical tensions with the US and other countries, China produces a substantial portion of critical rare earth metals for semiconductor manufacturing, such as 60% of germanium and 90% of gallium.

中国目前对全球半导体供应链拥有重大控制权，主导着锗、镓和使用半导体的电子设备的生产，全球36%的电子产品产自中国。虽然中国与美国和其他国家的地缘政治关系紧张，但中国在半导体制造所需的重要稀土金属方面产量极高，其中，锗的产量达60%，镓的产量达90%。

However, the world is seeking alternatives to China. Diversifying the supply chain is crucial to avoid disruptions. India is seen as a potential replacement for China, but it faces significant challenges. India lacks semiconductor fabs, relies on semiconductor imports, and has limited experience in chip manufacturing.

但世界正在寻找替代中国的选择。供应链多样化对于预防供应中断至关重要。印度被视为中国的潜在替代国，但它仍面临重大挑战。印度缺乏半导体工厂，依赖半导体进口，在芯片制造方面的经验有限。

India's vast market offers cost advantages. The US and Japan have pledged support for India in semiconductor production. China leads in semiconductors, with its SMIC holding a significant market share. However, China's growth is constrained by the unavailability of essential lithography machines from ASML, due to US-imposed restrictions. With the US's willingness to assist India, the nation could quickly catch up and become a significant player in the semiconductor industry, eroding China's edge.

印度庞大的市场提供了成本优势。美国和日本已承诺在半导体生产方面为印度提供支持。中国在半导体领域处于领先地位，中芯国际占据着相当大的市场份额。但由于美国的限制令，中国的增长受到光刻机供应缺乏的限制。现在美国愿意帮助印度，印度也许能够迅速赶上，成为半导体行业的重要角色，打击中国的优势。

以下是Youtube网友的评价：

harshitkaushik5105

Times change and policies too. The growing competition is also the cause for the slow progress in India as we don't have deep pockets like the developed countries.

时代变了，政策也变了，日益激烈的竞争也是印度发展缓慢的原因，因为我们不像发达国家那样财力雄厚。

kreativechaos7606

In addition to attract Private companies for semiconductor manufacturing, India should pour investment into SCL and expand it significantly, thing to remember is India had set up SCL way before South Korea and Taiwan were even manufacturing semiconductor, but India lagged behind.

除了吸引私营公司从事半导体制造，印度应该向化学发光二极管SCL投入投资并大幅扩大规模，印度早在韩国和台湾制造半导体之前就开始SCL制造，但印度落后了。

unmesh67

Most grand schemes of this government are over hyped. That creates a false sense of optimism. It will take India another 20 years to be where TSMC or China is.

这个政府的大多数宏伟计划都夸大其实了。给公众传递了一种虚假的乐观情绪。印度还需要20年才能达到台积电或中国现在的水平。

abmstudio3678

I feel like semi-conductors are at the end of their usefulness.

我觉得半导体已经没有用处了。

hdkloh6857

I like this format.... All points covered. Setting up large Manufacturing Plant in India is very time consuming process.

From Land Acquisition to Production...

我喜欢这种方式....方方面面都谈到了。在印度建立大型制造工厂是非常耗时的过程。

从征地到生产……

me.arbaazkhatib

I've always believed development cannot come without research, hence R comes before D. Without laying foundations for great research we can only play catch-up & import tech.

我一直认为，没有研究就不能有发展，因此研究要先于发展。没有研究的基础，我们只能追赶和购买技术。

SanjayKumar-fb5xz

I like this format and I would like you to do one video on defence startups. I see the government pushing more for participation of startups in defence.

我喜欢这种形式，我希望你能做一个关于国防创业公司的视频。我看到政府能更加积极地推动初创企业参与国防行业。

ultramarinebicycle

IMO, semiconductors are way more a national security imperative than an economic imperitive. India hasn't even ordered enough compute to be on the radar. All this will have extremely interesting consequences in the coming decades.

在我看来，半导体更多的是出于国家安全的需要，而非经济的需要。印度连生产需要的计算机都不够。这些都将在未来几十年产生极其有趣的后果。

tiaoyi-bx5yi

Semiconductor manufacturing requires not just building a factory but a huge technology chain and highly skilled workers. The US has been trying to bring semiconductor manufacturing back to the US but so far has not succeeded. Semiconductor manufacturing is concentrated in East Asia because East Asia has the best skilled workers in the world. They are not prone to strikes, willing to work overtime, innovative, focused and hardworking.

半导体制造业不仅需要建造工厂，还需要庞大的技术链和高技能工人。美国一直试图将半导体制造业带回美国，但迄今尚未成功。半导体制造业之所以集中在东亚，是因为东亚拥有世界上最优秀的技术工人。他们不容易罢工，愿意加班，创新，专注，勤奋。

xyz_sonic

I always love this debate we all know both of them never win from each other because they are brothers in arms

我很喜欢这场辩论，我们都知道双方永远也赢不了彼此，因为他们是兄弟。

@user-sv9pr6yp6d

Can India not consider getting all the manpower from Taiwan etc for at least initial 5 to 10 years ? Not sure if this is practical and makes business sense.

在开始的5到10年里，印度就不能考虑从台湾等地招募员工吗？我不确定这是否可行，是否具有商业意义。

balainarasimhan5346

As a startup founder dealing in embedded electronics and mostly semiconductors, even if the Indian government is fully focused on setting up semi fabs and the relative supply chain, it will take minimum 20 years. Only after that the option for dominance starts. Anyone saying India can do things in just a flick of a button is ignorant and its just wishful thinking.

作为一家从事嵌入式电子和半导体业务的初创公司创始人，即使印度政府下定决心打造半晶圆厂和相关供应链，也需要至少20年的时间。只有在那之后，统治的选择才会开始。任何说印度只要按一下按钮就能做事情的人都是无知的，这只是一厢情愿的想法。

arunkumarbalakrishnan8423

Semiconductors are more profitable at older nodes, because there's less requirement to innovate, less bleeding edge R&D. It's not as sexy, yes. But India shouldn't focusing on bleeding edge until they get their basics right. And that can take at least 20 years, if we look at it optimistically.

半导体对创新的需求更少，前沿研发也更少。印度不应该只专注于前沿，而是要先把基本的东西做好。乐观地看，这至少需要20年的时间。

chee-liekho5860

It can be in the future but my bet is not in the next decade.  It is not just about building a factory or factories.  The chip industry needed a complete sypply chain. For example the supply chain of raw materials, a human resource supply chain from design, lithography machine production maintenance and operations, transport infra structures etc.

未来也许有希望，但我敢说未来十年内是不可能的。这不仅仅是建立一个或多个工厂的问题。芯片行业需要一个完整的供应链。例如原材料供应链，人力资源供应链，从设计，光刻机生产维护和操作，运输基础设施等。

GautamKhatter

A lot of important points discussed here. Positives & negatives going back and forth is really good to get an overall perspective is really great.

很多重要的问题都谈到了。正方反方互相回应的模式很好，可以让人有一个整体的观点。

rohigt5745

2007 was UPA govt. You guys didnt consider SCL Mohali semicon fab unit, in which the current govt is investing 2 billion usd to repurpose from 180nm to 28nm to start with and then go thinner.

2007年是UPA政府，你们没有考虑SCL Mohali半导体工厂，现任政府正投资20亿美元，从180纳米升级到28纳米。

vaishakh3

Does India make small precision watches like the Swiss : No

Does India make the specialized steel that goes into a nail cutter ? : No.

Does India make machine tools / power tools that rival Germany?: No.

So India has to climb up the ladder doing all these things and then aspire for semiconductors

印度可以生产瑞士那种小型精密手表吗？不能。

印度可以生产用于指甲刀的专用钢材吗？不能。

印度制造的机床/电动工具能与德国竞争吗？不能。

所以印度要先努力把这些技术先掌握了，再谈半导体的梦想。

ooogabooga5111

India should work on cloud hybrid quantum computing, the semiconductor industry is long out of reach now. 2030s will create a quantum bubble.

印度应该致力于云混合量子计算，半导体行业现在还遥不可及。等到21世纪30年代，就会出现量子泡沫。

sanjaylopzz6382

Even if we make it possible regarding semiconductor.but current contemporary students from ECE graduateds and UG'S are willing to work in IT industries...non of the expertises will be haves from India to evolve in this hardware field

即便我们在半导体方面取得成功，目前电子计算机工程专业和机械工业制造的学生还是更愿意在IT行业工作...在硬件领域，印度无法提供什么专业知识。

ktan.108

This debate was interesting..

I always had this debate in my mind

这场辩论很有趣……

我一直在思考这个问题

pawansinghbisht5831

Semiconductor superpower!! First India should focus on how to attract chip companies to set up semiconductor factory in India because we does not have capacity to manufacturer semiconductor like Malaysia and Thailand, Vietnam or china,

半导体的超级大国！首先，印度应该关注如何吸引芯片公司在印度建立半导体工厂，因为我们没有像马来西亚、泰国、越南或中国那样的半导体制造能力。

Shamansdurx

10 billion is not enough, the chip industry is not like SW business where you dont need huge investments and exploit cheap labour!

100亿是远远不够的，芯片行业不像软件行业那样，可以不需要巨额投资，可以剥削廉价劳动力！

satish7114

The current government is development maniac. It took china 30 years to build a robust semiconductor infrastructure. It will take India 8-10 years to compete in this industry and another 5-7 years to challenge china. Just do a little bit research about India's current manufacturing and export of defence items. You will get to understand how aggressive Indian efforts are right now in manufacturing Industry.

现任政府是发展狂人。中国花了30年时间才建立起强大的半导体基础设施。印度需要8-10年才能在这个行业竞争，还要再过5-7年才有可能向中国发起挑战。只要稍微研究一下印度目前的制造业和国防产品出口，你就会明白印度现在在制造业上的努力有多积极了。

mr.p2631

I think India's global image has changed a lot. Also I believe PM Modi has the right person in Mr. Rajeev Chandrasekhar for this.

我认为印度的国际形象已经发生了很大的变化。此外，我相信莫迪总理让Rajeev Chandrasekhar先生负责此事，找对人了。

jaydeeppanchal8743

Not can or cannot, but when. Money flows back to Bharat, all over again!

不是能不能的问题，而是什么时候能的问题。现在资金又回流印度了！

oaklog

The reality is probably in the middle, india would have a good amount of semiconductor manufacturing but not superpower in my opinion

现实可能只会不高不低，在我看来，印度会拥有大量的半导体制造业，但不会是超级大国

pruthirajjenamani437

really good knowledge for us through debate !!

通过辩论为我们提供了很好的知识！！

surajs5913

In 10 years India will enter the semiconductor supply chain but manufacturing high end semiconductor chips without tieing up with taiwan to set up semiconductor fabrication will take 20 years.

印度将在10年内进入半导体供应链，但如果不跟台湾合作，制造高端半导体芯片要等20年。

frankmi3497

I don’t think India will become a semiconductor superpower. It will not have the environment anymore.  Semiconductors are so crucial to a country. All the technology advanced countries will have their own semiconductor industry. Due to its heavy population, India MAY have an okay semiconductor industry but never be a superpower. TSMC, SAMSUNG, Intel, SMIC will not give India the opportunity to grow to be able to challenge them.

我认为印度无法成为半导体超级大国。印度已经错失了发展环境。半导体对一个国家至关重要。所有技术先进的国家都拥有自己的半导体产业。印度可能会拥有一个不错的半导体产业，但永远不会成为超级大国。台积电、三星、英特尔、中芯国际也不会给印度发展的机会。