Why can't we replicate fighter jet technology by buying one fighter jet from some nation and then analysing it?

为什么我们不购买其他国家的战斗机进行分析，复制战斗机技术呢？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Kyle Bumpus

We can. Reverse engineering is a thing. It’s probably not easy but given enough time and resources you could figure pretty much anything out.

我们可以啊。这就是逆向工程。这也许并非易事，但如果有充足的时间和资源，你可以解决任何问题。

Robert Tanoni

only few countries do that for example China The Harbin Copy paste Il-28 from the maintenance scheme and they made it in 60, they buy licenseMiG-19, MiG-21 Su-27SK and developed their own J-J-6, J-7E, J-11b and J-16 and later buy Su-33 and developed their own name J-15

beside that is Israel they developed Kfir by Mifage 5 copy and combine with J-79 engines (But west NEVER said Israeli copies), the last they want to make Lavi that develop from f-16

只有少数国家会这样做，比如中国，通过维修复刻了II-28，在60年成功制出了II-28，他们购买了米格-19、米格-21、苏- 27SK的许可证，造出了自己的J-J-6、J-7E、J-11b和J-16，后来又购买了苏-33，造出了自己的J-15。

除了中国，还有以色列，他们根据米法奇5的原型，使用J-79发动机仿制除了幼狮战斗机(但西方从来没有说以色列仿制)，他们还想根据F-16仿制狮式战斗机。

Stephen Paul

Why would we want to do that ? However, that is a good point and is the reason that we do not sell our most advanced tech to other countries. By the way, there is a term for what you are saying, it’s called reverse engineering. The only tech that the United States would gain any knowledge from through reverse engineering would be off-planet technology. We are decades beyond any other country on this planet's tech. However, we do source out other countries' most advanced arms so we can keep an eye on their developments, as well as learn how to defeat their weapons.

我们为什么要这么做呢？不过这确实是一个很好的观点，正因如此，我们不愿把最先进的技术卖给其他国家。顺便说一下，你这个说法有一个专门的术语，叫做逆向工程。美国唯一能通过逆向工程获得知识的技术也就只有外星技术了。在这个星球上，我们的技术已经比其他任何国家都至少领先几十年了。但我们确实为其他国家输出了他们最先进的武器，这样我们就可以关注他们的进展，并研究如何击败他们的武器。

Dennis Kristensen

USA would never sell the F22

And Russia would not sell the SU57 because they contain tech they want nobody to know about.

When they sold the SU35 to China, they used a previous generation Radar because they don’t want the Chinese to reverse engineer the IRBIS-E

Same goes for the US who have delivered a worse version of the F15 to Japan simply because they have certain things they want nobody to know about

美国永远不会出售F22

俄罗斯也不会出售SU57，因为这些战斗机里有他们不想让别人知道的技术。

俄罗斯把苏35卖给中国时，换上了上一代的雷达，因为他们不希望中国对IRBIS-E雷达进行逆向工程。

美国也一样，他们向日本交付了低配版的F15，因为他们有某些事情不想让人知道。

Brian M

it is easy to copy something but even knowing how it works is no good when it malfunctions, then you need to know why it works so you can recognize the fault and diagnose the fix needed.

复刻不难，但就算明白工作原理，但发生故障时也没用，你得知道根本原理才能识别故障并诊断如何修复。

Tom Overton

That’s what happens. Take Russia. They tried to replicate the F22 with the SU57. But it’s a copy. They didn’t spend decades perfecting the technology. It was a death trap. They didn’t have the failures and research that led to a real understanding of the technology. Besides, if you are in a position to buy a fighter jet, what’s the point of trying to replicate it? Just buy another one! That’s why nato countries buy the F35. If you can’t buy one, you’re gonna have to steal one.

大家都这么做。比如俄罗斯，他们试图在SU57的基础上仿制F22。但这只是复刻品。他们没有经历过几十年的时间来完善技术。这是一个死亡陷阱。他们没有经历过让他们真正掌握技术的失败和钻研过程。此外，如果你有能力购买一架战斗机，那么复制又有什么意义？再买一架吧！这就是北约国家购买F35的原因。如果你买不到，你就得去偷。

J4 Rey

Simple its simply unfeasible, the cost involved in producing it.

It’s cheaper to buy it, than to invest a whole lot of money and people just to produce your own version, assuming there are no legal laws preventing you from replicating it.

You need factories to make all the parts or purchase the parts which you can buy legally from the market.

You need factories to assemble it into final product.

You need an expertise in the field who knows how to tune and engineer the product.

You need to team to test it.

很简单，这不太可行，制造成本太高了。

直接购买比投入大量资金和人力仿制自己的版本要更加便宜。

你需要工厂来生产所有的零部件，或者购买你能从市场上合法买到的零部件。

你需要工厂将零件组装成最终的产品。

你需要一个该领域的专家，他知道如何调整和设计产品。

你需要团队来进行测试。

You can’t just replicate it, there are legal laws preventing you from doing it, so you need to either buy the rights to replicate it, assuming the owner is willing to sell it to you or you need to invest a whole lot of money in R&D to come up with a new design and structure.

And you need to train a whole lot of people that are involved in this whole process.

Just so you can build and produce a fighter jet that you call your own.

你不能直接仿制，法律禁止这种行为，如果专利所有人愿意卖给你，你需要购买授权，要么你就需要在研发上投入大量资金，推出新的设计和结构。

你还需要对参与整个过程的所有人进行培训。

这样你才有可能造出一架属于你自己的战斗机。

And what’s in return?

Nothing, you still need a constant team who is going to continue R&D and improve the design or come up with new ones.

And maybe just maybe some country will like it and offer to buy it from you. THAT’S YOUR ONLY SOURCE OF INCOME.

那么这么做的回报是什么呢？

没有回报，你依然需要一个稳定的团队，继续研发，改进设计，或推出新的设计。

也许会有某个国家会喜欢你的作品，愿意向你购买。而这就是唯一的收入来源。

Jeremy Cole

When you buy a weapon it comes with a whole pile of sale agreements, where you promise you won’t copy any part of the design or even that you won’t manufacture or source any replacement parts from anyone but the original supplier. You can ignore that, of course, and maybe even ignore all the court rulings requiring you to pay compensation, but you won’t be able to buy from that supplier ever again, and likely not from any supplier either.

I mean, if you a nation really wants to manufacture the weapon themselves, licensing deals will allow you to do that, and they’re not even that expensive.

当你购买武器时，还会拿到一大堆的销售协议，在这些协议中，你必须承诺你不会对设计进行任何复刻，甚至你不会自行生产或从原始供应商以外的渠道购买零部件。当然，你可以对此不以为意，甚至忽略所有要求你支付赔偿的法院裁决，但你未来再也无法从该供应商那里购买武器了，而且很有可能其他供应商也不愿卖给你了。

我的意思是，如果一个国家真的想自己制造武器，可以通过许可协议，而且也不会太贵。

That said, this stuff has happened plenty of times in the past. The Soviet Union used a false purchase of tractors to buy the Christie tank, and used many of its design features, most notably the suspension, in their own tank designs. Its also really common in war to steal from captured enemy units - there’s lots of wrecks to take, and you rarely care about accusations of intellectual property theft from people you’re at war with.

尽管如此，这种事情在过去已经发生过很多次。苏联假意购买拖拉机，意在克里斯蒂坦克，他们在自己的坦克设计中使用了克里斯蒂的许多设计亮点，尤其是悬挂。战争时偷敌方俘虏的装备也是很常见的做法。

Also, knowing how a weapon works doesn’t mean you know how to manufacture its key components. There’s far more secrets in the assembly line than there are in the weapon. You can give me an F-35 and with a massive team of engineers and a lot of years we’d might figure it all out, but then we’d have no idea how to build any of its components. Knowing a key engine component is built from a special alloy doesn’t help if you can’t build that alloy, or can’t do it economically.

此外，了解武器的工作原理并不意味着就能搞清楚如何制造关键部件。装配线上的秘密远比武器上的多。你可以给我一架F-35，配备一只庞大的工程师团队，花上数年时间我们可能都能摸索清楚，但我们无法弄清如何制造零件。如果你无法制造出这种合金，或者不能以成本合理的方式制造，那么就算知道关键的发动机部件是由某种特殊的合金制造的也没用。

And finally, the last reason is that weapon was built in the military, economic and political context of the original nation. It will have features you don’t need, and lack features you desperately do want. If you’re just buying off the rack, then the convenience and lower price is worth not getting a weapon exactly tailored to your needs. But if you’re going through the process of breaking apart a plane, analysing each part, building and testing your own prototypes, and then constructing a manufacturing line to build your own planes, then why settle for a replica? Why not take parts of that design, and include them in a design tailored to your own needs?

最后一个原因是每种武器都是在发明国特有的军事，经济和政治背景下制造出来的。它可能会具备某些你并不需要的功能，可能会缺乏某些你迫切需要的功能。如果你只是购买现成的武器，那么为了方便、也为了压低价格，我们不需要购买定制武器。但如果你经历了这样一个过程：把一架飞机拆开，分析每个零件，建造和测试自己的原型机，然后组建一条生产线来建造你自己的飞机，那么为什么只是满足于一个复制品呢？为什么不从设计中获得部分启发，加入适合自己需求的设计中呢？

Abhilash Kesav

Assuming the poster is Indian, like me. Most of the Jet technology isn't hard & India has decent grasp & capacity on most of the components. Having said that critical components like Engine, Airframe durability & electronics is something we lag behind US (engine even behind Russia & China).

假设帖主和我一样都是印度人。大多数飞机技术并不难，印度对大多数零件的情况都较为清楚。尽管如此，我们在发动机、机身耐久性和电子原件等关键部件还比较落后，发动机技术甚至落后于俄罗斯和中国。

David Kra

If I hand somebody an organic chemistry text and all the books used in pharmacy school, the person does not automagically become a pharmacist.

Handing a team a squadron of fighter jets does not give the team the ability to acquire materials, machine parts, assemble jets in the proper hierarchy of assemblies, and even if they did, the know-how to maintain them.

A lot of what makes the jet usable and defendable includes electronics and programming. Much of that is in sealed Field-Replacable-Units and modules that at least self destruct if tinkered with.

就算我送给某人一本有机化学课本和药学院使用的所有书籍，那个人也不会自动成为药剂师。

就算给一个团队提供一个战斗机中队，也无法让该团队获得材料、机械部件、按照恰当的组装结构进行组装的能力，就算他们这样做到了，也不知道该如何养护战斗机。

战斗机的性能和防御涉及众多因素，包括电子原件和编程。其中大部分都是有组件保护机制的，如果盲目维修，甚至会启动自毁程序。

Mayuresh Fulambrikar

Assume you can.

How do you figure out the composition of the compounds used to make the alloys, without destroying the aircraft?

And also if you do it, how do you replicate the software? Without replicating the software, any most advanced fighter plane is a junk, useless thing.

假设你可以。

如何在不摧毁飞机的情况下，确定制造合金的化合物的成分？

你又要如何复制软件？如果搞不定软件，最先进的战斗机也都是垃圾，毫无用处。

Rodger Felker

From an American view point why would we? Why would we even try? What nation (that isn't already a strategic ally of the US) has anything flying that we want to replicate? Russia? China? No!

从美国人的角度来看，我们为什么要这么做？我们为什么要尝试呢？哪个国家(美国的战略盟友除外)有值得我们仿制的飞机呢？俄罗斯？中国？没有！！

Jay Lundvsted

We do, nations do it all the time, its called reverse engineering. The people here who are saying you wont learn anything, its pointless etc have literally no clue what theyre talking about. Reverse engineering of an enemies weapons system has been conducted for thousands of years and will continue to be done in the future.

To be brief, it accomplishes many objectives, you learn its performance, all its characteristics, and you also learn whether your enemy knows what theyre doing and are really good at making that system, or theyre idiots and you have nothing to worry about.

我们会这么做，各国也一直都在做，这就是逆向工程。Quora上的人会说你无法学到任何东西，这么做毫无意义，等等，我根本不知道他们在说什么。对敌方的武器系统进行逆向工程已经有数千年的历史了，未来也不会停止。

简而言之，逆向工程完成了许多目标，你可以了解武器的性能，武器的所有特性，你也可以了解对手是否知道自己在做什么，是否真的擅长制作这个武器，他们是不是白痴，你完全无需担心。