Did Italy actually switch sides in WW2 or did they just capitulate?

意大利在二战中是真的改变立场了还是投降了？

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Remnant

Neither. Italy did something completely different, it changed. Italy entered the war as a dic ship with Benito Mussolini at its head, but in July 1943 Mussolini was dismissed and the legitimate Italian government started a process of de ocratization. Mussolini was reinstated as the head of a puppet government by the Nazis, and Italy split in two. For the next year and a half, WWII in Italy turned into a civil war. Mussolini’s government remained a faithful and unweavering ally of Hitler to the end o the war in Europe. The legitimate Italian government wasn’t Fascist anymore.

都不是。意大利做了完全不同的决定，它变了。意大利开始参战时是以贝尼托·墨索里尼为首的独才国家，但1943年7月墨索里尼被罢黜，合法的意大利政府实施了皿煮化。墨索里尼被复职，复辟为傀儡政府首脑，意大利分裂为两个阵营。在接下来的一年半里，二战在意大利演变成了内战。直到欧洲战争结束之时，墨索里尼政府一直是希特勒忠实而坚定的盟友。但合法的意大利政府不是法西斯主义者。

Remnant

On October 13, 1943, the government of Italy declares war on its former Axs power Germany and joins the battle on the side of the Allies. With Mussolini deposed from power and the collapse of the fascist government in July

1943年10月13日，意大利政府向其前轴心国同盟德国宣战，并加入了盟军的战斗阵营。7月，墨索里尼被废黜，意大利法西斯政府垮台。

Dr Anthony Solonis

The simple answer is that Italy did not switch sides. Mussolini stayed loyal to Hitler until the end. Certainly Mussolini never “switched sides”.

The Bagdolio government was a confederate and illegal government.

Mussolini and most of the Fascists around him fought on with the Nazis in Northern Italy.

This “switching sides’ is a myth. It never happened.

简单回答的话，意大利并没有改变立场。墨索里尼直到生命的最后一刻，一直忠于希特勒。当然，墨索里尼也从未“改变立场”。

巴格达里奥政府是一个非法的联盟政府。

墨索里尼和他身边的大部分法西斯分子在意大利北部和纳粹继续一同作战。

这种“改变立场”的想法就是个神话，从来就没有真实发生过。

Jason Bass

Both, Italy changes sides on 13 October 1943, when it declared war on Germany, the civil war happened because Germany invaded the northern side of the country which resulted in a civil war between the Italians who were supporting Mussolini and the ones who were supporting the allies and were against the fascists

1943年10月13日，意大利改变了立场，向德国宣战，意大利发生内战，因为德国入侵了意大利北部，导致了支持墨索里尼的意大利人和支持盟国并反对法西斯主义者的意大利人之间爆发了冲突。

Giorgio Bellini

It all hinges on what you think the so called "co-belligerence" is.

The Cassibile Accords, between Italy and the Allies, dictated that Italy had to reorganize its military and put it under Allied control. The clause was named "co-belligerence" to make it clear that it wasn't a new alliance, and that Italy, fulfilling its obbligations of co-belligerence, could not however claim at the end of the war that it wasn't a defeated country. In fact, the Cassibile Accords were just a surrender pact. In fact, Italy was held to war compensation. (Italy entered the UN organization only in 1955, and its previous application, in 1947, had been rejected)

这取决于你对所谓的“共同作战”有何看法。

意大利和协约国之间的《卡西比利亚协定》规定，意大利必须重组军队，将军队归于协约国的控制之下。这个条款被命名为“共同作战”，表明彼此之间不是新联盟，而意大利，履行其共同交战的义务，但不能在战争结束时声称自己是战胜国。事实上，《卡西比利亚协定》只是一个投降协议，意大利还被要求支付战争赔偿。(意大利1955年才加入联合国，其在1947年的申请被拒绝了。)

Why did the Allies want the co-belligerence? Because half of Italy, after the Allied landing in Sicily, was under nazi occupation (the North of the country), and of course the Allies didn't want to fight to liberate Italy while the Italians sat and watched doing nothing. I dont know how this can be called "switching sides".

为什么协约国需要共同作战？因为盟军在西西里岛登陆后，意大利的一半地区出于纳粹的占领下(意大利北部)，盟军当然不想为了解放意大利而战，让意大利人袖手旁观。这怎么能被称为“改变立场”呢。

In 1943 Italians knew three things: 1) the war was over and the Axs had been defeated; 2) Hitler's fanaticism wasn't any forthcoming to any talks of surrender (as Erwin Rommel had to realise just a few months later, paying with his life, although nobody says that Rommel “switched sides”); 3) Italy, with no capability to sustain any longer the war effort, was drifting to utter destruction since its territory, unexpectedly, had become a major battlefield.

How was Italy supposed to end its suicidal course in a dignified way that could not be labelled "switching sides"?

1943年，意大利人明白了3件事：1) 战争已经结束，轴心国已经战败；2)希特勒的狂热不愿意接受任何投降谈判(正如埃尔温·隆美尔几个月后付出了生命的代价才意识到的那样，尽管没有人说隆美尔“改变了立场”)；3) 因为意大利的领土意外成为主要战场，意大利已经没有能力继续维持战争，已经逐渐走向彻底的毁灭。

意大利应该以什么体面的方式结束其自毁之路，而且还不会被贴上“改变立场”的标签？

Dennis Wojahn

Italy surrendered to the allies in September 1943. After that, the Nazis freed Mussolini from prison and supported a Fascist regime that continued to fight on along with the Germans so that would be a Civil War.

意大利于1943年9月向盟军投降。在那之后，纳粹从监狱里释放了墨索里尼，并扶持了一个法西斯政权，这个政权继续与德国人一起战斗，这就是意大利的内战。

Steven Ashe

Germany sent an army to shore up the defense of Italy. Italy did not so much switch sides as they simply overthrew Mussolini. After he fled with his mistress they were caught by the Italian people and hanged upside down in public. The German military continued to fight in Italy, even after the Italians quit the war.

德国派遣了一支军队来支援意大利。意大利并没有改变立场，他们只是推番了墨索里尼。墨索里尼和情妇出逃后被意大利人民抓住。德国军队则继续在意大利境内作战，甚至在意大利退出战争之后还在坚持抵御。

Marco Peretti

The answer is…

We surrended to the allies…

As response Germany freed Mussolini… built a puppet country in italy like vichy in france… occupied Italy and then annexed part o the northeast of italy…

Then italy declared war to Germany… and while the regular army began to fight from the south the resistence fought in the occupied part of italy…

答案是……

我们向盟军投降了。

作为回应，德国释放了墨索里尼，在意大利建立了一个傀儡国家，就像法国的维希政府一样，占领了意大利，然后吞并了意大利东北部的部分地区。

然后意大利向德国宣战，正规军开始从南部作战，抵抗力量在被占领的意大利地区作战。

Gregory L. Szmolke

Why did Italy change sides in World War II and join the Allies?

Because they saw, as the saying goes, “the writing on the wall,” after the invasion & imminent fall of Sicily to the Allied Cause during WWII. So, during the Sicilian invasion, which the Allies called Operation Husky (July 9 to August 17, 1943), the non-Fascists parts of the Italian government negotiated with the Allies to surrender & switch sides after the Italian King threw Mussolini out of office. Then, as designated, on or around the date when the Allies invaded Italy Proper (September 3 to 17, 1943), the vast majority of the Italian (military & civilian) peoples surrendered. This rendered moot “the Pact of Steel” between Nazi Germany & Fascist Italy. Italy had by then formally installed a new non-Fascist government more amiable to the Allies, in order to officially switch sides. Meanwhile, they arrested Benito Mussolini & many other Fascists. As WWII historical information points out, most of the non-Fascist Italians went neutral & some started fighting on the side of the Allies. A lot of Italians were fed up with Mussolini & war weary, so they wanted out.

为什么意大利在第二次世界大战中改变立场并加入盟军？

因为他们在第二次世界大战期间西西里岛被盟军入侵并即将沦陷之后，看到了俗话说的“不祥之兆”。因此，在西西里入侵期间，盟军称之为赫斯基行动(1943年7月9日至8月17日)，在意大利国王将墨索里尼赶下台后，意大利政府的非法西斯部分与盟军谈判投降并改变了立场。然后，按照规定，在盟军入侵意大利时(1943年9月3日至17日)，绝大多数意大利人(军人和平民)投降了。这使得纳粹德国和法西斯意大利之间的“钢铁条约”变得毫无意义。意大利当时已经正式成立了一个新的非法西斯政府，对协约国更加友好，正式变换阵营。与此同时，他们逮捕了贝尼托·墨索里尼和许多其他法西斯分子。正如二战历史资料所指出的那样，大多数非法西斯意大利人都选择了中立的立场，有些人甚至开始站在盟军一边战斗。许多意大利人受够了墨索里尼，厌倦了战争，所以他们想退出。

Not all Italians switched sides. There were some Italian Armed Forces personnel & civilians that stayed loyal to Mussolini & the Fascists & continued fighting on the side of the Germans, right up till the end of the war.

Obviously, the Germans didn't like this new situation at all, so they freed Mussolini, & set him up as ruler of a Fascist puppet state in the northern unconquered Axs parts of Italy. They then occupied all the parts of Italy not under Allied control. The Germans then set up many hard to break defensive lines, greatly slowing down the Allied advance.

并非所有意大利人都改变了立场。有一些意大利武装部队人员和平民仍然忠于墨索里尼和法西斯分子，继续为德国人战斗，直到战争结束。

显然，德国人不喜欢这种新局面，所以他们释放了墨索里尼，把他扶植成意大利北部法西斯傀儡政权的统治者。然后，他们占领了意大利所有不受盟军控制的地区。德国人随后建立了许多难以突破的防线，强力减缓了盟军的前进速度。

If you like and/or agree with my references, opinions, observations, suggestions, conclusions & answers to the question(s), please upvote. Ty.

如果你喜欢并/或认同我的参考资料、观点、观察、建议、结论和回答，请投票支持我哟。谢谢。

Jones Averino

Why did Italy change sides from the losers to the winners on both World Wars? Is it a coincidence?

为什么意大利在两次世界大战中都从战败国变成了战胜国？是巧合吗？

Italy did not change sides.

There was always two factions in Italy, pro-Mussolini and anti-Mussolini. Following the allied invasion of Italy at 1943, the anti-Mussolini factions gains momentum and traction and able to dispose Mussolini now that his power has weakened and declares a new Italy that joins Allied side.

The Pro-Mussolini forces on the north joins the pro-Axs socialist republic or the German army and continues to fight the allied forces until the end of the war.

意大利并没有改变立场。

意大利一直有两大派系，支持墨索里尼的和反对墨索里尼的。在1943年盟军入侵意大利之后，反对墨索里尼的派系愈发强盛，终于能处置墨索里尼。墨索里尼的实力被削弱，新的意大利加入了盟军。

Teodor Birsa

Why did Italy change sides from the losers to the winners on both World Wars? Is it a coincidence?

为什么意大利在两次世界大战中都从战败国变成了战胜国？是巧合吗？

During WW1, Italy did not change sides per se.

The Kingdom of Italy did join the Triple Alliance nominally, however, this alliance was supposed to be a defensive one. When Germany and Austria-Hungary started attacking other countries, Italy refused to join the action. They joined the war as late as 1915, on the Allies’ side from the get-go. They mostly fought Austria-Hungary, suffering heavy losses, but ultimately managing to break the Imperial army in 1918.

第一次世界大战期间，意大利并没有改变立场。

意大利王国名义上确实加入了三国同盟，但这个联盟只能算是防守联盟。当德国和奥匈帝国攻打其他国家时，意大利拒绝参战。意大利直到1915年才参战，而且从一开始就站在协约国一边。他们主要与奥匈帝国作战，损失惨重，但最终在1918年成功击溃了帝国军队。

WW2 is a different story altogether.

Italy wasn’t ready for the war. The Italian Royal Army was comparatively depleted and weak at the commencement of the war. Italian tanks were of poor quality and radios few in number. The bulk of Italian artillery dated to WW1. On paper Italy had one of the world's largest armies, but the reality was the opposite. According to estimates, the Italian regular army could field only about 200,000 troops at the war's begng.

二战完全是另一回事了。

意大利还没有为战争做好准备。在战争开始时，意大利皇家军队就已经疲弱不堪。意大利坦克的质量很差，无线电设备也很少。意大利的大部分火炮还是第一次世界大战时期的装备。名义上，意大利拥有世界上最大的军队之一，但现实恰恰相反。据估计，意大利正规军在战争之初只能派出大约20万兵力。

Mussolini was well aware of these deficiencies, but thought the war would be over soon and did not expect to do much fighting. Still, following the German conquest of Poland, he hesitated to enter the war. It was ultimately his pride and his imperialistic ambitions that caused him to enter the war.

Needless to say, Italy’s performance during the war was not stellar. With the fall of Sicily and the first air raid on Rome itself, popular support for the war diminished greatly.

墨索里尼对此心知肚明，但他认为战争很快就会结束，没想过会打多少仗。但在德国征服波兰之后，他对参不参战犹豫不决。最后他的骄傲和帝国主义野心促使他做出了参战的决定。

不用说，意大利在战争中的表现并不出色。随着西西里岛的沦陷和对罗马的第一次空袭，民众对战争的支持度大大减少。

Mussolini was dismissed by the King and imprisoned. And although the new Government publicly declared that they would keep fighting alongside the Germans, they began secret negotiations with the Allies and signed a secret armistice on 3 September 1943. The armistice was publicly announced on 8 September.

墨索里尼被国王免职并锒铛入狱。虽然意大利新政府公开宣布他们将继续与德国并肩作战，但他们私下却开始与盟军进行秘密谈判，并于1943年9月3日签署了一项秘密停战协议。9月8日公开宣布停战。

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