China just finished the development of a lithography machine capable of 28纳米 and is working on domestically producing 14纳米 without ASML or Taiwan. How does the US hope to now stop China if China is basically producing all they need without the US?

中国刚刚完成了28纳米光刻机的研制，而且在没有阿斯麦帮助的情况下努力研制国产14纳米光刻机。如果中国可以自给自足，美国现在要怎么阻止中国？

以下是Quora网友的评价：

Jeff Duda

Why would the US even want to stop the success of a country? The US should be supporting China. The US also makes 4 nm chips so has them beat. The US should focus on what it does best. Develo the cutting edge. The US should be happy to see China advancing and hel millions of people in China and around the world to have better standards of living, (Something the US used to stand as the leader of). Now China is becoming the leader in hel everyone in the world to have better products at a lower cost. That should be celebrated by the US and everyone in the world. The US now has a challenging competitor. Are you telling me that the USA is incapable of meeting any challenge? That the only way it can compete is by attaching the competitor? Do you have zero faith in the ability of the people of the US? The US should not hope to stop China, the US should look at stimulating its cutting-edge industry, at stimulating its growth and development in every way to beat China simply by being better. I believe the US, if it chooses to do so, can still be the best. I believe two great nations racing to improve the world and the lives of all the people in it is the best choice no matter who wins. Let it be a race to the top, not stupid kids throwing sticks at each other. Two great nations should be partners each focused on their own growth and development but celebrating the successes each has and then doing one better.

为什么美国要阻止其他国家的成功？美国应该支持中国才对。美国能生产4纳米芯片呢，比中国厉害多了。美国应该专注于自己最擅长的领域，发展前沿科技。美国看到中国的进步应该高兴，应该帮助中国和世界各国人民提高生活水平(美国曾经在这方面处于领先地位)。现在，中国成了帮助世界人民以更低的成本获得更好商品的领导者，应该得到美国和世界人民的祝贺。

美国现在有了一个极富挑战性的竞争对手。你是说美国没有能力应对挑战吗？它唯一的竞争方式就是依附竞争对手？你对美国人民的能力这么没有信心吗？美国不应该想着阻止中国，美国应该着眼于刺激本国的尖端产业，刺激本国的经济增长和发展，用更好的表现来击败中国。

我相信，如果美国选择这样做，它就可以保持第一的地位。我相信，两个大国竞相改善全世界人民的生活，无论谁最后胜出，都是最好的选择。我们应该展开争夺冠军的比赛，而不是像不懂事的孩子们互相使绊子。两个大国应该成为合作伙伴，为本国的发展而拼搏努力，同时庆祝彼此取得的成功，然后更上一层楼。

Michael Chiu

The US politician said if we are not able to stop you from producing own chip, we will try to prevent other from buying your chip then.

美国政客说，如果我们不能阻挠你们自己生产芯片，那么我们就不准其他人购买你们的芯片。

Robert Vannrox

The question is about the United States.

“How will the United States react to Chinese advances in Integrated Chip manufacturing technology.”

Firstly, the 28nm and the 14nm processes are both fully operable and domestically produced in China. And since this is demonstratively both mature, and capable technologies, the tense in the question needs to be changed…

这个问题其实在于美国。

“美国将如何应对中国在集成芯片制造技术方面的进步？”

首先，28纳米和14纳米工艺都是完全可行的，并且都可以在中国国内生产出来。既然这已经是既成熟又有能力的技术，问题中使用的时态就需要改动一下了……

From “Past Tense”

“China has just finished the development”

To “Present Tense”

“China is producing”

As well as…

From “China is working on…”

To “China is producing”

得把问题中的“过去时”

“中国刚刚完成了研发”

改成“现在时”

“中国正在生产”

还有……

得把“中国正在努力……”

改成“中国正在生产”

So the questioner is actually out-of-date on the actual situation. 14nm production levels were obtained in 2021. On a Chinese scale, this was “centuries ago”.

China has been producing 14nm for some time now and the products are out there all over the world already. These are domestically produced chips.

In fact, China is RIGHT NOW producing 5nm chips.

所以提问者对实际情况的了解早已过时。中国在2021年就达到了14纳米芯片的生产水平。对于中国的速度而言，这已经是“几个世纪以前”的事了。

中国已经成功生产出14纳米芯片一段时间了，产品已经销往世界各地。这些都是中国的国产芯片。

事实上，中国现在正在生产5纳米芯片。

Next will come the invariable questions about even smaller chip sizes.

Let me assure you that China is presently producing much, much smaller sized integrated chips in small batch processes. There are NUMEROUS efforts, using numerous and different technologies. Here’s a link for the “Dimensity 9000”.

接下来还会看到更多关于更小尺寸的芯片的问题。

我向你保证，中国目前已经开始以小批量生产的方式生产更微型的集成芯片了。他们付出了许多努力，使用了许多不同的技术。这是“Dimensity 9000”的链接。

Dimensity reached a staggering 1007396 points in the running test, becoming the first mobile phone chip to break the million ceiling. Its performance is 35% better than Snapdragon 888 , and it directly won ten global firsts . It is expected that Samsung Major mobile phone manufacturers such as iaomi and iaomi will carry this chip. Now, mobile phone manufacturers such as iaomi and Honor have passed internal tests and are expected to be mass-produced and commercialized in the first quarter of next year .

And, there is not a damn thing that anyone can do about it.

在运行测试中，Dimensity 9000达到了惊人的1007396点，成为第一个突破百万上限的手机芯片。它的性能比骁龙888高出35%，直接获得了十项全球第一。三星、小米、小米等主要手机厂商未来可能都将搭载这款芯片。目前，小米、荣耀等手机厂商已经通过内部测试，有望于明年第一季度量产并商用化。

而且，所有人都只能望洋兴叹。

OK. So 4nm is firing up Pilot and (very soon) production operations.

Now…

There’s now the 0.2纳米 that China is also firing up at the same time. Yup! 0.2纳米.

Zero Point Two nm.

Holy Shit!

The United States, and the West will NEVER be able to “catch up”.

所以，4纳米已经开始启动试点和生产操作了。

现在…

现在中国也同时开始朝着0.2纳米努力了。没错！0.2纳米。

0.2纳米。

疯了疯了！

美国和西方永远都无法“赶超”。

China is ALSO engaged in “game changing” and “mind boggling” technologies that perform complete “run arounds” of the Western “closed fist” technologies that the United States so earnestly desires to maintain it’s cloistered holds upon.

Initial results are clear; China WILL Surpass the present “loggerheads” maintained by the West in a fraction of a decade. Perhaps as early as 3 years.

中国还在研究能够“引发科技巨变”和“令人震惊”的技术，这些都是西方不肯轻易示人的技术，美国绝不愿意打破这种垄断控制。

初步结果是明确的；中国最多只需要十年时间，就可以超越目前由西方垄断的战场。最快的话甚至3年也就够了。

But the question, of course, is not about China.

The question is about the United States.

What is it gonna do?

当然，这个问题与中国无关。

这个问题是关于美国的。

美国能做什么呢？

Have you ever gone to a farm? Have you ever watched a bunch of chickens scurrying about in the fenced in chicken coop?

Yeah.

That’s the American “leadership”.

Lots of squawking.

Much strutting about, and pontification of all times with feigned anger and outrage. Sort of like the Tiktok hearings, eh.

They’ll all be a running about. Making a lot of noise.

Picking and pecking at things. Any things.

你去过农场吗？你有看过一群鸡在鸡笼里跑来跑去吗？

是的。

这就是美国的“领导力”。

叽叽喳喳，吵吵闹闹。

总是一副趾高气扬的模样，总是骂骂咧咧唯我独尊的姿态。就像那场有名的抖音听证会。

他们会到处乱窜，制造各种噪音。

逮人就啄，全场发疯。

Clowns wearings suits and ties, acting more powerful than they really are, making pronouncements designed to impress a truly dumbed-down audience.

Yup.

The Congress is gonna go “clown show” on us again.

Start a banging on the table and then scream (behind closed doors) to it’s military “well… do something”.

And that is exactly what China wants, and is ho for.

China is more than ready.

The Tanya Harding method of competition is not working, and will never work. You cannot excel in a competitive environment by attacking your rivals. You must best them by merit, skill, ability and endurance. Not by brute force and schemes.

小丑们穿着西装打着领带，装腔作态，他们的言论也只能给智障观众留下印象。

是的。

国会又要耍我们了。

他们会敲敲桌子，然后关起门来对着军队下令：“来，准备行动”。

这正是中国想要的，也是希望看到的。

中国已经做好了准备。

坦尼娅·哈丁的竞争方法现在行不通，永远都行不通。在竞争激烈的环境中，你不可能通过攻击对手而脱颖而出。你必须凭自己的优点、技能、能力和耐力胜过他们，蛮力和计谋都没用。

So what will the USA do?

Well judging from the recent past, we can expect more of the same from an ignorant, uncreative, slothful and (obviously) jealous “leadership”…

More banning of Chinese products to the West.

More sanctions on everything.

More tariffs.

More duties.

More restrictions.

More laws and rules and regulations.

那么美国会怎么做呢？

好吧，从最近的情况来看，一个无知、缺乏创造力、懒惰和(显然)嫉妒的“领导层”会做更多这样的决策……

禁止更多中国商品进入西方。

更多的制裁。

更多的关税。

更多的商品税。

更多的限制。

更多的法律法规。

More and more and more.

This crop of ignoramus losers running the United States “shit show” are so amazingly and astoundingly incompetent, that they don’t even nowhere the “brakes” are. It’s just “petal to the metal”. Full steam ahead.

WHAT A BUNCH OF LOSERS.

越来越多，越来越多。

这群无知的失败者在美国搞出了花样百出的闹剧，他们的失职和无能令人震惊。他们完全不考虑“刹车”，全速前进。

真是一群失败者。

Already the United States is the laughing stock of the world.

Americans can only dream about having high speed like Laos has. But Americans will never get that kind of infrastructure.

Ports and airports like Zambia has. But Americans will never get that kind of infrastructure.

Wireless connectivity like Nigeria has.

Roads like Bangladesh has.

America has fallen so damn far behind that it is not just a joke. It is a travesty.

美国已经成为全世界的笑柄。

美国人现在只敢做梦想想老挝那样的高铁了。但美国人永远不可能拥有那样的基础设施。

还有赞比亚的港口和机场。但美国人永远不可能拥有那样的基础设施。

还有尼日利亚的无线网络。

以及孟加拉国的道路。

美国已经远远落后了，这已经不仅仅是个笑话了，这是一种讽刺。

So what is REALLY going to happen?

Same-Oh. Same-Oh.

And that is what is really gonna happen.

那么到底会发生什么呢？

什么也不会发生。

这才是真正会发生的。

Nancy Palial

The development and production of advanced semiconductor technology, including lithography machines, have significant implications for global technological competition and economic power. If China were to achieve self-sufficiency in semiconductor manufacturing, especially at smaller nodes like 14nm, it could impact the dynamics of the industry.

包括光刻机在内的先进半导体技术的开发和生产对全球技术竞争和经济实力具有重要意义。如果中国在半导体制造方面实现自给自足，特别是在14纳米这样的小节点上，这可能会影响该行业的动态。

The United States may employ several strategies to address this situation:

美国可以采用以下几种策略来应对这种情况：

1.**Investment in Research and Development:** The U.S. may intensify efforts to invest in research and development to maintain a competitive edge in semiconductor technology. This could involve increased funding for innovation, collaboration between government agencies, academia, and the private sector.

1.**研发投资：**美国可能会加大对研发的投入，保持在半导体技术方面的竞争优势。这可能会增加对创新的资本投入，以及政府机构、学术界和民营行业之间的合作。

2. **International Alliances and Standards:** The U.S. could work with allies to establish and maintain international standards for semiconductor technology. This can help prevent the unilateral dominance of any single country and ensure fair competition.

3. **Trade Policies and Regulations:** The U.S. may use trade policies, regulations, and export controls to manage the transfer of sensitive technologies. This includes scrutinizing the export of advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and technologies to prevent potential security risks.

2. **国际联盟和标准：**美国可以和盟国合作，建立和维护半导体技术的国际标准。这有助于防止单一国家的单方面垄断，并确保公平竞争。

3. **贸易政策和法规：**美国可能使用贸易政策、法规和出口管制来管理控敏感技术的转让。这包括审查先进半导体制造设备和技术的出口，杜绝潜在的安全风险。

4. **Diplomacy and Negotiation:** Diplomatic efforts may focus on fostering cooperation and addressing concerns through dialogue. International collaboration on technological standards and norms can contribute to a more stable global technology landscape.

5. **Investment in Education and Workforce:** To maintain leadership in technology, the U.S. may emphasize education and workforce development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields to ensure a skilled and innovative workforce.

4. **外交与谈判：**外交努力可能侧重于通过对话促进合作和解决关切。技术标准和规范方面的国际合作有助于建立更稳定的全球技术格局。

5. **教育和劳动力投资：**为了保持技术领先地位，美国可能会重视科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的教育和劳动力发展，保证熟练和创新的劳动力队伍。

It's important to note that predicting specific actions in a rapidly evolving technological and geopolitical landscape is challenging. The U.S. and other nations are likely to use a combination of economic, diplomatic, and technological strategies to navigate these challenges and maintain their positions in the global semiconductor industry.

值得注意的是，在快速发展的技术和地缘政治环境中预测某个具体行动，难度很大。美国和其他国家可能会综合运用经济、外交和技术战略来应对这些挑战，并保持其在全球半导体行业的领先地位。