Do Vietnamese have Chinese blood?

越南人有中国血统吗？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Trần Anh Khôi

The Vietnamese people undeniably possess 30–50% of Chinese blood. At the end of the day, the Vietnamese people originated from China, and that’s that.

确实，越南人拥有30-50%的中国血统。归根到底，越南人起源于中国。

No Name

Northern and Southern Chinese are too much different, there is no answer for the question of what is Chinese blood. If you ask about the DNA relation between Vietnamese and Southern Chinese, I would say yes without hesitation.

Vietnamese is similar to Italian, Southern Chinese is French and Northern Chinese is Nordic. In the past, all these groups were mixed at some degree as well as Vietnamese and Chinese.

北方和南方的中国人差别太大了，中国血统是什么样的，这个问题没有答案。如果你问的是越南人和中国南方人有没有DNA关系，我会毫不犹豫地回答：是的。

越南人类似于意大利人，中国南方人类似于法国人，中国北方人类似于北欧人。过去，这些群体在某种程度上都是混血，越南和中国也是如此。

BambooExpat

And not only Vietnamese:)

You can look up in the Internet such word like “Sinosphere” and you will see that Viatnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, and other South Asian countries bordering with China, as well as Korean peninsula and Japan all are somehow related to China.

不单单只有越南人是这样哦

你可以在网上搜索一下“汉语圈”，你会看到越南、柬埔寨、老挝、马来西亚和其他与中国接壤的南亚国家，以及朝鲜半岛和日本都和中国有着这样那样的关系。

Vietnam also celebrates Chinese New Year a.k.a Spring Festival and other festivals originating from China.

If you know Chinese, then you will find that Cnatonese and Vietnamese are similar in some way - the words, intonation and tones.

越南也会庆祝中国新年（又名春节）和其他源于中国的节日。

如果你懂汉语，那么你会发现汉语和越南语在某些方面是相似的—词汇、语调和声调。

Swee Chen

I can pick a Vietnamese person, and a Chinese from any Asian country. Many Asian can probably tell the difference.

As to why their appearances, at least superficially, are similar, I’ll leave to those who are more expert than me.

我可以挑一个越南人，再挑一个来自亚洲任意国家的中国人。可能很多亚洲人都能看出两者的区别。

至于为什么两者的外表，至少在外貌上存在相似点，我想留给那些更专业的人来解释。

Whether a person has Chinese blood in them or not is probably secondary to their upbringing. The usual nurture vs nature influence. There might be some innate traits that might be significant but most behavioural characteristics, I would argue, are influenced by the environment.

一个人是否有中国血统也许并不如他们的成长经历来得重要。这就是后天培养和先天影响的区别。可能有一些天生的特征很重要，但我认为，人类大多数行为特征都受到环境的影响。

Thắng Phạm Đức

Chinese is not clear and firm concept for a nation then for that concept. Then “Chinese blood” in Vietnamse people is a non-sense idea.

The concept for “Chinese” as a Concept standing for a homogeneous Nation was just created by some people in the early years of 20th Century in the Movements of de-colonism and de-feudalism. Before that, there was no Chinese nation (Han Nation) or China Country… There was courts of God’s Sons in China then Mongolian, Machurian, Sa da (沙陀)… who could win war and achieve Mandate of God then they could control Under Sky Land (天下 - Thiên Hạ).

对于一个国家来说，中国并不是一个明确而坚定的概念。那么越南人民的“中国血统”就是一个没有意义的想法。

“中国人”这个代表同质民族的概念，是20世纪初人们在去殖民、去封建运动中创造出来的。中国有天子的朝廷，然后是蒙古人、满洲人、沙陀人，谁能打赢战争，获得神的委任，谁就可以控制天下。

Even in the time of Northerners domination, people in Vietnam were not Chinese. People under the Courts of God’s Sons were under-sky people (Người trong thiên hạ), not any Chinese were there. In mordern China, Han Chinese Genetics are also not homegenious, Northern Han Chinse have far relation to Southern Han Chinese… Southern Han Chinese have close genetic relations to Vietnamese, Thai, Zhuang, Laotian…rather than close to Northern Han Chinese.

即便在北方人统治时期，越南人也不是中国人。天子辖下的百姓中并没有中国人。在现代中国，汉人的基因也并非单一同质，北方汉人与南方汉人的基因关系很远，南方汉人与越南、泰国、壮族、老挝人的基因关系近，比跟北方汉人的基因关系更近。

Then Vietnamese people are shared some genetic relation with a part of people in Asia including people in morden China. Then nothing to do with Chinese Blood in Vietnamese people even with Hoa ethnic in Vietnam because their ancestors were not Chinese and Came Vietnam before Chinese nation born.

越南人与亚洲部分人群有一些基因关系，包括现代的中国人。那么越南人就没有什么中国血统了，就连越南的华族，他们的祖先也不是中国人，他们在中华民族诞生之前就已经来到越南了。

Harry Jang

Basically, this question is wrong. As China is a multi ethnic country, there is nothing like 'Chinese gene'. It's like asking 'do Mexcans have American gene?'

Maybe the enquirer wanted to ask about Han Chinese gene, but still it's not correct. Hans are more a cultural group than a genetic ethnic group. If you compare genes of people claiming they are Han, you will find there is big diversity. Maybe there was a group of people that shared same gene near present central China about 2500 years ago, but after countless invasions, conquests, and immigrations, it is all mixed. People conquered by Han accepted their culture and after several generations, started calling them Han.

总的说来，这个问题是错的。中国是一个多民族国家，没有所谓的“中国基因”。这个问题就像在问“墨西哥人有美国基因吗？”

也许题主想问的是汉族基因，但这样问也还是不对。汉族与其说是基因意义上的的民族，不如说是一个文化意义上的群体。如果你对比一群都自称为汉族人的基因，你会发现他们存在很大的差异。大约2500年前，中国中部附近可能有一群人拥有相同的基因，但经过无数次的入侵、征服和迁徙，他们已经融合了。被汉人征服的人接受了汉人的文化，经过几代人之后，也开始称自己为汉人了。

Yes, after centuries of close relationship, there must have been Chinese people who moved to Vietnam and vice versa. Nothing special between neighboring countries.

是的，在延续了几个世纪的密切往来后，肯定有中国人搬到越南，反之亦然。这在邻国之间是非常正常的。

Samuel Lee

Yes, dna don’t lie. Most northern kinh people of vietnam share almost the same dna as Han chinese of southern China. Kinh people is a cousin race of Han Chinese.

是的，DNA不会说谎。大多数越南北方的京族人与中国南方的汉族人拥有几乎相同的DNA。京族人就是汉族的近亲。

William Tang

You decide. The first emperor of Vietnam was General Zhao Tuo, who the Ch’in Emperor sent to conquer and govern Vietnam. After the fall of the Imperial Ch’in dynasty, Zhao Tuo decided not to return home and made himself the emperor of his fief.

你自己判断吧。越南的第一个皇帝是赵佗将军，秦始皇派他征服和统治越南。秦朝灭亡后，赵佗决定留在当地，自封为帝。

Vivian Chen

I’m just gonna hit you with the straight facts. If you play around with some genetic modelling tools and try to work out what population sources best fit an average Vietnamese profile, I’m just gonna say you can NOT get a decent match for Vietnamese without including some level of Han-related admixture.

Everyone else in the answers is going into how ethnicity is a social construct. Yeah, there is no “Vietnamese gene” and the like, but we can still make very educated guess of the ethnic identities of the populations that moved into Vietnam based on the time of admixture, certain genetic markers they had, historical records, and archaeology. Like, we can know for sure that Vietnamese Kinh people aren’t mixed with Khoisan Bushmen.

我就直接跟你说了吧。如果你使用一些基因模型工具，想要找出最符合普通越南人特征的人口来源，我只想说，如果排除一定程度的汉族基因，你就无法匹配到像样的越南人基因。

其他人的答案都说种族是一种社会结构。是的，没有“越南基因”之类的东西，但我们仍然可以根据融合的时间，他们拥有的某些基因标记，历史记录和考古学对进入越南的种族身份做出有依据的猜测。比如，我们可以确定越南京族人并没有和科伊桑布须曼人融合。

This Chinese admixture is not even vague or debatable like some other examples because it happened when the ethnic identities were already somewhat defined and the migration was well-documented in historical sources. There’s a difference between something that happened 4,000 years ago vs 1,000. Kinh people are actually more “northern-shifted” than some southern Chinese ethnic minority groups they are closely related to like the Zhuang, even though the Kinh are geographically more southern. It’s also quite possible the Vietnamese language even has a Middle Chinese substrate in it from the Han population living in Vietnam that was eventually absorbed into the Kinh population.

这种和中国的融合并不像其他情况那样模糊或有争议，因为当时民族身份已经有了一定的定义，而且历史资料也对移民做出了妥善的记录。4000年前发生的事和1000年前发生的事是有区别的。比起一些和他们关系密切的中国南方少数族群，比如壮族，京族人“北迁”得更多，虽然京族在地理上更靠南一些。越南语甚至有可能是从生活在越南的汉人那里获得了中古汉语的基础，而这些汉人最终被京族人口吸收了。

Vietnamese people have a fairly high level of Neolithic Yellow River ancestry compared to other Southeast Asians, and they even chart on PCA as being “in-between” East Asian and Southeast Asian clusters. The groups that carry the highest proportions of the NYR lineage are Sino-Tiban groups like the Tibans and Han Chinese, and I don’t think there was ever a large migration of Tibans into Vietnam a thousand years ago. Use some common sense, guys.

与其他东南亚人相比，越南人拥有较高的新石器时代黄河血统，他们甚至被列为“介于”东亚和东南亚群体之间。携带NYR血统比例最高的群体是汉藏群体，如藏族人和汉族人，但我不相信一千年前会有大量藏人迁移到越南。有点常识吧，伙计们。

AoE II

A DNA test ran by Vietnamese themselves showed Vietnamese are genetically much more related to native people in Thailand and Cambodia than to Han Chinese.

越南人自己进行的一项DNA测试显示，越南人在基因上与泰国土著人和柬埔寨土著人的关系比与和汉人的关系更为密切。

Thiện Nguyễn

Do Chinese have Mogolia blood?

Do Scottish have English blood?

Culture, languages is major condition for determine one person belong to one ethnic particular.

中国人有蒙古血统吗？

苏格兰人有英格兰血统吗？

文化、语言是决定一个人的民族属性的主要条件。

Issa Bankole

Vietnamese is a nationality. All the 53 or 54 ethnics, including the Hoa minority, dwelling the Vietnamese territory are Vietnamese. In China, more or so ethnics bear the Chinese nationality.

Hoa ethnics ancestors came mostly from the southeastern coastal area of current China. Yao and Mien ethnics are present both in China and Vietnam, some Vietnamese Yao and Mien have ancestors coming from hamlets located currently in China and vice-versa.

So yes, some Vietnamese have Chinese blood.

越南人是一个民族。居住在越南领土上的53或54个民族，包括少数族群华族，都是越南人。在中国，也有许多少数族群具有中国国籍。

华族的祖先大多来自如今中国的东南沿海地区。瑶族和缅族在中国和越南都有分布，一些越南瑶族和缅族的祖先来自中国的小村庄，反过来也一样。

所以，是的，有些越南人具有中国血统。

Hoàng Phan

The premise of this question is quite ignorance.

China and Vietnam are civilizations, not a simplified understanding of genetics so there’s no such thing as Chinese or Vietnamese blood.

Both countries are highly multicultural and diverse with one single ethnicity claiming majority (Han for China and Kinh for Vietnam). Intermixng between their majority and minorities have been going on for thousands of years with their distribution vastly changing throughout each country. Their geographical areas today are also completely different from many periods throughout human history. Even some areas in modern day China used to belong to Vietnam’s civilization. Not to mention evolution of background, family tree and identity to avoid political persecution as per tradition.

Bloodlines, purities and racial “classification” belong to Nazi ideologues, not modern day social, political and biological sciences.

这个问题的前提是相当无知的。

中国和越南都是文明社会，不是对基因的简单理解，所以并不存在中国血统或越南血统的说法。

这两个国家都有高度多元的文化和多样性，都有一个民族占多数人口(中国是汉族，越南是京族)。他们的主要民族和少数族群之间的混合已经持续了数千年，他们在各自国家的分布都发生了巨大的变化。今天的地理区域也和历史上许多时期完全不同。现代中国的有些地区曾经也属于越南文明。更不用说为了避免政治迫害而掩饰背景、家谱和身份。

血统、纯度和种族的“分级”是纳粹的理论，不是现代的社会、政治和生物科学。

Shan Liu

Yes, half the 百越people have blood of soldiers of the Qin dynasty. The Qin dynasty sent soldiers in massive amount to fortify the borders and all the way to sea to prevent invasions and to keep stability, they mixed with local population. Vietnam became a civil state because vrhey spoke a Chinese dialect and used Chinese writing. Before the French invaded and brainwashed the Vietnamese, they didn't question their identity and would happily been accepted into the chinese family.

As a matter if fact, if Vietnamese were chinese at the begng of the founding of modern China, the entire Chinese population could be speaking Cantonese instead of mandarin now. In the de ocratic vote for the official language, Cantonese lost to mandarin by one vote, large numbers of Vietnamese spoke Cantonese.

是的，一半的百越人都有秦朝士兵的血统。秦朝派遣了大量的士兵来加强边境和海上的防御，防止外敌入侵、保持国家稳定，他们与当地居民通婚融合。越南成了一个文明国家，因为他们说中国方言，用中国文字。在法国入侵并禁锢越南人的思想之前，他们并没有质疑自己的身份，很高兴能被中国家庭接受。

事实上，如果越南人在现代中国成立之初就是中国人，那么现在整个中国人都可以说广东话，而非普通话了。在票选官方语言的皿煮投票中，粤语以一票之差输给了普通话，而很多越南人都会说粤语。