Why can't China produce electric buses that work in cold weather?  Almost all the buses from China in the Nordic countries have had to park because they cannot cope with cold weather.  It is a disaster for public transport travellers.

为什么中国不能生产出能在寒冷天气下运行的电动公交车？在北欧，几乎所有中国产的电动公交车都因为无法应对寒冷天气而停运。这对乘坐公共交通工具的乘客来简直就是灾难。

以下是Quora网友的评价：

Abhishek Das22

According to my knowledge it's china who is producing the most of electric vehicles including buses. In fact, Shenzhen and Shanghai is among the cities with the highest number of electric buses in their fleets. .

I don't know what happened in nordics. I thought they use cars more than buses in nordics.

据我所知，中国生产的电动汽车（包括公共汽车）是全球最多的。事实上，深圳和上海都是电动公交车数量最多的城市之一。

我不知道北欧的情况。我以为北欧人的小汽车比公共汽车多。

Johannes Sulistyo

You mean like this as well?

你是说像这样的吗？

Teslas left abandoned as extreme cold drains batteries

Owners in Chicago have ditched their cars after charging stations struggled to cope with plummeting temperatures

Cold weather is the main enemy of polymer batteries. Even my mighty Nokia made by superior people aren’t immune from cozy Japanese winter. It gave up and dropped dead as well, refusing to charge.

特斯拉因极寒天气耗尽电量而被遗弃

由于充电站难以应对急剧下降的气温，芝加哥的车主们纷纷弃车

寒冷天气是聚合物电池的天敌。即便是我那台强大的诺基亚也无法适应日本舒适的冬季。它废了，无法充电。

Daniel Li

Isn't this a normal issue of purchasing industrial products? Party A has to make a clear demand, and Party B is responsible for completing the production and delivery according to Party A's demand.

Is the country to be blamed for these mistakes even if Party A's needs are not clear or if Party B does not produce the product according to Party A's needs?

这难道不是工业品采购的正常问题吗？甲方提出明确的产品需求，乙方按照甲方的需求完成生产和发货。

如果甲方的需求不够明确，或者乙方没有按照甲方的需求生产产品，国家要为此背锅吗？

So when I rent an apartment in Europe and it causes me distress because the owner hides defects or because I didn't scrutinize the property before signing, I'm going to condemn Europe for that?

If the transportation company didn't specify its needs at the time of purchase, blame the transportation company. If the manufacturer didn't produce what the transportation company wanted, blame the manufacturer. If the weather is out of most people's predictions, blame God. Don't shift the blame to unrelated entities.

所以当我在欧洲租赁公寓，因为业主隐瞒房产瑕疵，因为我自己在签字前没有仔细检查而抓狂时，我也可以为此而谴责欧洲吗？

如果运输公司在购买时没有明确提出需求，那就归咎于运输公司。如果制造商没有生产出运输公司想要的产品，那就归咎于制造商。如果天气超出了大多数人的预测，那就只能怪上帝了。不要把责任推到无关方面。

Yong Jian-Yi

When the temperature gets below freezing, the lithium chemical reactions cannot sustain itself and can actually damage the batteries! This can be overcome by using a heating blanket or heating element that maintains the temperature at an optimum level. Electric vehicles that are used for cold weather needs to be cold weathered proof.

However for the relevant question pertaining to Chinese produced electric buses for Nordic countries. From my Google searches, it appears that Norway, Sweden & Denmark did not appear to have purchase any of them worth mentioning.

当气温降到冰点以下时，锂的化学反应就无法维系，实际上还有损电池！通过使用加热毯或加热元件来克服这个问题，让电池的温度保持在最佳水平。在寒冷天气下运行的电动汽车，需要具有耐寒性。

但对于中国为北欧国家生产电动客车的相关问题。根据我在谷歌搜索的结果，挪威、瑞典和丹麦似乎都没有购买过值得一提的产品。

Norway for example purchased most of its 183 electric buses from Solaris Urbino, a polish company.

Sweden has 157 electric buses, 125 which are made by Ebusco, a Dutch company and the rest is by Volvo a Chinese owned company.

Denmark is the only country that purchases Chinese electric buses, and yes it did run out of power quite frequently due to the low temperature, but it is not a unique problem.

以挪威为例，该国183辆电动公交车中的大部分都是从波兰公司Solaris Urbino购买的。

瑞典有157辆电动公交车，其中125辆由荷兰公司Ebusco生产，其余由中国公司沃尔沃生产。

丹麦是唯一一个购买中国电动公交车的国家，是的，电动公交车确实因为低温而经常停运，但这不是特例。

Paul H

If the buses don’t work for Nordic countries the Nordic countries wouldn’t order more of them, but they did because they do work.

“BYD has recently received another order for electric buses from Nobina, one of its biggest and recurrent customers in Europe, which already has over 160 various BYD buses (in Sweden, Norway and Denmark).”

如果电动公交车在北欧国家无法正常使用，他们是不会追加订购电动公交车的，但他们确实继续订购了，因为电动公交车确实好用。

“比亚迪最近又收到了来自Nobina的电动公交车订单，Nobina是比亚迪在欧洲最大的老客户之一，已经在瑞典、挪威和丹麦订购了160多辆不同型号的比亚迪公交车。”

Jerry Roane

Why can’t the Nordic countries heat the battery pack? In cold climates V8 engine blocks have to be heated so they will work in the cold morning.

为什么北欧国家不能加热电池组？在气候寒冷的时候，V8发动机必须加热，才能在寒冷的早晨正常工作。

Pher Kimhuat

You (the questioner) have to be an anti-China extremist to post such misleading question to tarnish the image of China with falsehood and baseless allegation when so far nobody has heard about electric buses produced by China cannot cope with cold weather in the Nordic countries when China herself is also a temperate country with extremely cold winter season but doesn’t have any issue with her electric buses to cope with cold weather.

Believe those buses mentioned by you are still those old type of petrol or diesel driven buses locally produced in Europe of which the petrol can be freezed and choked the bus engine during winter in the Nordic countries but you cunningly / deliberately blame China without any evidence or proof to support your baseless allegation to stir shit for China.

你(提问者)肯定是反华极端分子，才会提出这种误导性的问题，用虚构捏造和毫无根据的指控来玷污中国的形象。到目前为止，还没有人听说过中国生产的电动公交车无法应付北欧国家的寒冷天气，中国本身就是一个温带国家，冬天也很寒冷，但电动公交车应对寒冷天气时并没有任何问题。

我相信你提到的那些公交车是欧洲当地生产的老式汽油车或柴油驱动车，在北欧国家的冬季时节，这些公交车的汽油会上冻并堵塞引擎，但你故意将矛头指向中国，没有任何证据可以支持你毫无根据的指控，你就是根搅屎棍。

Joseph Loh

What happened? The situation is less dramatic than on social media

Euronews reached out to Ruter, the company that operates the electric buses in Oslo. In an email, a spokesperson called the allegations “an extreme exaggeration…We cancelled, on average, between 50 and 100 departures, out of more than 4,000 daily departures, for a few days.”

发生了什么？这种情况根本就没有社交媒体说的那么夸张

欧洲新闻联系了奥斯陆的电动公交车运营方Ruter。在某封电子邮件中，一位发言人称这些指控“太过夸张……我们在几天内平均取消了50到100个发车班次，但每天的总发车班次超过了4000个。”

The company did however admit they had a few “challenges with the range of the buses being shorter in cold weather."

"We solved this by changing the charging shifts. And also by fixng the charging infrastructure."

Ruter claims the issues have since been fixed and the fleet of electric buses continues to run as usual. Why are electric vehicles impacted by the cold weather?

Cold weather impacts both the range of an electric vehicle (EV) - how far it can travel on a single charge - and also the charging time.

"Every single engine system whether it's a battery or living beings like humans, doesn't function well in the cold. Internal combustion engines also have trouble being cranked at low temperatures," explained Anna Stefanopoulou, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Michigan.

不过该公司也承认，他们面临着一些“挑战，比如在寒冷的天气里，公交车的行驶距离会缩短”。

“我们通过改变充电方式，修理充电基础设施解决了这个问题。”

Ruter声称这些问题已经解决，电动公交车队继续正常运行。但电动汽车为什么会受到寒冷天气的影响？

寒冷的天气会影响电动汽车的行驶里程(单次充电能行驶的距离)和充电时间。

“每一个引擎系统，无论是电池还是像人类这样的生物，都无法在寒冷中正常工作。内燃机在低温下也难以启动，”密歇根大学机械工程教授安娜·斯特凡诺波卢解释道。

This problem is not only specific to cars. You've probably noticed how fast a phone or laptop loses power in the cold.

The colder the temperature, the slower the reactions in the batteries needed to generate power.

这个问题不仅仅是汽车独有的。你可能也发现了，手机或笔记本电脑在寒冷天气下丢电的速度有多快吧。

温度越低，电池产生能量所需的反应就越慢。

ihang Yang

It can work just the cold weather would damage the battery lifespan. No battery can work on freezing temperature.

It seems like the questioner does not how to read. Solaris Bus is from Poland not China. Also it might be the bus company did not prepare it well before the start. Just store your buses in a hot hangar to heat the battery over night and the problem would not accure since hangar are larger and expense these people are cheap and lazy.

电动公交车可以工作，但是寒冷的天气会损害电池的寿命。没有电池能在冰点温度下正常工作。

提问者的阅读能力似乎堪忧。Solaris巴士来自波兰，不是中国。还有一种可能，公交车公司在发车前没有做好准备。只要把公交车停在一个热的机库里，让电池在夜间加温，这个问题就不会出现了，但机库比较大，费用也比较高，这些人又小气又懒惰。

Stephen Day

What are the impacts of cold weather on electric buses?

One common issue with all Electric Vehicles (EVs) in cold weather is how to provide hot air for heating and demisting. Internal combustion engines generate heat as a by product of burning fuel and are then cooled by a separate system which allows some heat to be diverted to a subdominant radiator to warm the passenger compartment and to clear mist from windows and windscreen. In an EV, battery power must be used to heat electric elements and then to drive fan motors to distribute the heat for the same purposes.

寒冷的天气对电动公交车有什么影响？

所有电动汽车在寒冷天气中会遇到一个共同的问题：如何为加热和除雾提供热空气。内燃机燃烧燃料，产生了副产品—热量，然后由一个单独的系统进行冷却，将一些热量转移到第二散热器，为乘客舱供热并清除窗户和挡风玻璃上的雾气。在电动汽车中，则是使用电池电力来加热电气元件，然后驱动风扇电机达到同样的目的。

Lance Lau

What is the average lifespan of electric vehicle batteries in China's cold weather climate?

在中国的寒冷地区，电动汽车电池的平均寿命是多少？

The average lifespan of electric vehicle (EV) batteries can be affected by various factors, including climate conditions. In cold weather, such as that experienced in parts of China, battery performance and lifespan can be impacted in several ways:

电动汽车电池的平均寿命会受到各种因素的影响，包括气候条件。在中国部分寒冷地区，电池的性能和寿命会受到以下几个方面的影响：

1. **Temperature Impact on Battery Chemistry**: Lithium-ion batteries, commonly used in EVs, are sensitive to temperature extremes. Cold weather can slow down the chemical reactions within the battery, leading to reduced efficiency and power output.

2. **Increased Energy Demand in Cold Weather**: In colder climates, more energy is often required for heating the cabin, using heated seats, and maintaining the battery temperature. This increased energy demand can lead to more frequent charging cycles, potentially accelerating battery degradation.

1. **温度对电池化学性质的影响**：电动汽车常用的锂离子电池对极端温度非常敏感。寒冷的天气会减缓电池内部的化学反应，导致效率和功率输出降低。

2. **寒冷天气下能源需求增加**：寒冷气候下需要消耗更多的能源来加热客舱，使用加热座椅，并保持电池温度。这种能源需求的增多可能导致更频繁的充电频次，加速电池的衰败周期。

3. **Battery Management Systems (BMS)**: Modern EVs are equipped with advanced BMS that help mitigate the effects of cold weather. These systems can manage battery temperature, optimizing performance and longevity.

4. **Impact on Range**: While not directly related to lifespan, it's notable that battery range can decrease in cold weather. This reduction in range might lead to more frequent charging, which could indirectly affect the battery's lifespan.

3. **电池管理系统**：现代电动汽车配备了先进的电池管理系统，有助于减轻寒冷天气的影响。这些系统可以管理电池温度，优化性能和寿命。

4. **对续航里程的影响**：虽然与电池寿命没有直接关系，但值得注意的是，在寒冷天气下，电池的续航里程会下降。续航里程的减少可能会导致更频繁的充电频次，从而间接影响电池的使用寿命。

### Average Lifespan in Cold Weather Climates:

寒冷气候下的平均寿命：

- The average lifespan of an EV battery is typically around 8 to 15 years. However, this can vary based on the vehicle model, battery quality, and usage patterns.

- In cold climates, if the battery is not adequately managed or if the vehicle is frequently exposed to extremely low temperatures, this lifespan could be on the lower end of the scale.

-电动汽车电池的平均寿命通常在8到15年左右。但可能会根据车辆型号、电池质量和使用模式而有所不同。

-在寒冷的气候条件下，如果电池没有得到充分的保养，或者车辆经常暴露在极低的温度下，电池寿命可能会降低。

For specific data regarding the lifespan of EV batteries in China's cold weather climate, it would be best to consult studies or data from EV manufacturers and research institutions that focus on EV usage in those specific conditions.

对于中国寒冷气候下电动汽车电池寿命的具体数据，最好参考电动汽车制造商和研究机构对车辆在具体使用条件下的研究结果或数据参数。