How did China become a developed country?

中国是如何成为发达国家的？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Jamie Bradley

China’s GDP per capita .. is approxmately around 15000 USD. These provinces, collectively constituting a larger population than that of the US, could be categorized as developed. Consequently, China finds itself in a somewhat precarious position, as different nations hold differing perspectives on its development status.

中国富裕省份的人口加起来比美国还多，可以被归类为发达省份。因此，不同的国家对中国的发展程度持有不同的看法，中国发现自己的位置不太稳定。

Intellectuals in Japan assert that China is a developed country due to its technological advancements and political influence, which are unparalleled among develo nations. Conversely, Russians I conversed with tend to view China as a develo nation. With Russia experiencing a substantial drop in GDP in recent years, resulting in a per capita GDP of about 9,000 USD, they struggle to accept that China is surpassing them even in per capita terms. They attribute China's robust economy to its sheer population size and comparatively lower standard of living.

日本的知识分子认为，中国的科技进步和政治影响力在发展中国家中是无与伦比的，所以中国应该是发达国家。但我遇到的俄罗斯人则认为中国是发展中国家。俄罗斯的GDP近年来大幅下降，人均GDP仅为9000美元，他们很难接受中国会在人均方面也超过了他们。他们将中国强劲的经济归因于庞大的人口规模和相对较低的生活水平。

In contrast, the chinese strongly maintains that China is a develo country. During a speech by a Chinese professor of International Relations, the issue of how to preserve China's develo country status was addressed. Chinese officials put considerable effort into formulating a strategy to convince other nations of their develo nation designation. At a UN meeting, when Chinese officials claimed "we are a develo country," they faced strong condemnation from representatives of many nations. Consequently, China's officials expended considerable intellectual resources to devise a plan to maintain their develo country status.

中国坚持认为中国是一个发展中国家。有位中国国际关系教授就在演讲中谈及如何保持中国的发展中国家地位的问题。中国为了说服其他国家承认中国是发展中国家，在制定策略时用心良苦。在某次联合国会议上，中国声称“中国是一个发展中国家”时，遭到了许多国家代表的强烈谴责。所以，中国官员网罗人才制订计划，保持中国的发展中国家地位。

ZodiacTrading

The hous has passed the bill labeling China as a ‘developed’ country.

This means China can say good bye to all the TAX INCENTIVES AND BENEFITS when labeled as develo country.

I believe China does not need all this, because they are the second largest and advanced economy around the world now.

众议院已经通过了将中国列为“发达”国家的法案。

这意味着中国无法继续享受作为发展中国家可以享受的所有税收优惠和福利了。

我认为中国并不需要这些优惠和福利，因为他们现在已经是全球第二大、第二发达的经济体了。

Tony Tan

A country has to become western de ocratic to become developed. It developed into this.

一个国家必须先成为西方皿煮国家才能成为发达国家。都是这样发展的。

Colleen Farrelly

China is a developed country. The cities are amazingly modern with a lot of financial and tech jobs. The rural areas have developed quite a bit since I was in China’s interior. Because some of China’s market policies don’t match the world market’s standards for a markets on all items, they are still considered a develo economy. In reality, this isn’t the case.

中国已经是发达国家了。中国的城市非常现代化，有很多金融和科技行业的工作机会。自从我上一次去到中国内陆以来，农村地区也得到了很大的发展。因为中国有些市场政策不符合世界市场的标准，所以中国仍被视为发展中经济体。但在现实生活中，情况并非如此。

Anonymous

With the help of a hyper propaganda drive globally via their China network that covers each and every country in the world.

China now wants the whole world to accept them as their leader. in the Fascist leader also restarted producing Nuclear warheads just to beat the Russians and Americans in numbers.

China first fooled America economically and is now fooling Russians for military tech stealing.

中国通过覆盖全球各国的网络在全球范围内大肆宣传。

中国希望全世界都接受中国的领导。

中国先是在经济上愚弄了美国，现在又通过军事技术的窃取愚弄了俄罗斯。

If you visit outside of the empty sky scrapers, the locals go hungry everyday. There is so much shortage of food that the Chinese maritime militia which is the undeclared part of their overfished the South China sea. Now they have to go all the way to the shores of Latin America to fish illegally to feed their population.

The is in so much debt that they are punishing the richest companies to clear dues. Many have gone bankrupt and those who did not agree are facing jailtime.

如果你参观空荡荡的摩天大楼外的世界，你会发现当地人天天都在忍饥挨饿。食物短缺非常严重，海军不得不派出海军中未申报的民兵在南海捕渔。现在他们甚至要远航到拉丁美洲的海岸非法捕鱼，才能养活中国人。

债台高筑，所以他们会惩罚最富裕的企业来偿清费用。许多企业被逼破产，拒绝付款的人只能面临牢狱之灾。

China is NOT a developed country.

Buy local, buy global but never ever buy Chinese. Save your country, save humanity. Boycott everything Chinese.

中国不是发达国家。

所以我们要买国产商品，买除了中国商品之外的全球商品。拯救自己的国家，拯救全人类。抵制中国货。

Anonymous

International factors: the Soviet Union in the early stage.

Domestic factors: the population is large, the market is large, the education penetration rate is high, and the socialist system has its advantages.

国际因素：早期的苏联。

国内因素：人口多，市场大，教育普及率高，社会主义制度有其优势。

The first turning point: a smooth transition

第一个转折点：平稳过渡

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, although it had a certain industrial foundation, it was still essentially an agricultural country. The transition to industrialization was the starting point for development.

At the same time, internally, on the one hand, literacy was literally improved and the quality of the population was improved. On the other hand, the agricultural population was “adjusted” to industrial industries through various means through the advantage of dic ship.

中华人民共和国成立初期，虽然具有一定的工业基础，但本质上还是一个农业国家。中国向工业化过渡是经济发展的起点。

与此同时，在中国国内，一方面国民的文化水平确实得到了提高，人口素质也得到了提高。但另一方面，中国利用制度的优势，通过各种手段将农业人口“引向”工业产业。

In 1953, the 156 key projects assisted by the Soviet Union in the first five-year plan were the core Steadily consolidating and advancing the process of industrialization. Although problems went to extremes for a while, the sacrifices and costs paid in exchange for the transition of the domestic industrial structure to a more complete industrial system, and supported the nuclear umbrella by itself. This is also China’s future The absolute basis for development.

1953年，在第一个五年计划内，苏联援助的156个重点项目是帮助中国稳步巩固和推进工业化进程的核心。虽然许多问题一度走向极端，但中国为了换取国内产业结构向更完整的工业体系转型付出了牺牲和代价，同时也撑起了核保护伞。这也是中国未来发展的绝对基础。

The second turning point: reform and opening up

The full name of this measure is internal reform and opening to the outside world. Before that, it was a catastrophe. The domestic situation was unstable and the economy was on the verge of collapse. After that, China returned to the United Nations in 1971, China and the United States established diplomatic relations in 1972, and in 1978. Determine the reform and opening policy. During this period, China absorbed Western technology and exerted its industrial advantages. In addition, in terms of national defense construction, as the United States and its NATO allies opened up military technology restrictions, the concept of technical equipment and contacts introduced by China at that time profoundly affected the later development of equipment.

第二个转折点：改革开放

改革开放的全称是内部改革和对外开放。在此之前，中国遭遇了一场灾难。国内不稳，经济濒临崩溃。后来中国于1971年重返联合国，1972年与美国建交，1978年敲定了改革开放的政策。这一时期，中国吸收了西方的科学技术，发挥了自己的工业优势。此外，在国防建设方面，随着美国及其北约盟国放开军事技术限制，当时中国引入的技术装备和关系深刻影响了后来的装备发展。

The third turning point: Joining the WTO

The significance of joining the WTO is to truly integrate into the western-dominated economic system, thereby activating the Chinese economy and market, and at the same time using foreign capital to achieve industrial structure and technological upgrading. This turning point can actually be regarded as a gamble. In the end, China adhered to the principle of "independence and self-reliance", succeeded mainly in anti-customers, partially realized industrial transformation, and became a real world factory and industrial power. (In 1998, the EU adopted the policy document "Establishing a Comprehensive Partnership with China" to elevate its relations with China to a level equal to that of Europe, the United States, Europe, Russia, and Europe and Japan.) After the September 11 incident in 2001 (China’s accession to the WTO was in November 2001), the United States’ foreign The focus has become counter-terrorism, the original confrontation has become cooperation, and everyone knows what happened later...

第三个转折点：加入WTO

加入WTO的意义在于中国真正融入了西方主导的经济体系，激活了中国的经济和市场，同时中国利用外资实现了产业结构和技术升级。这个转折点其实可以被视为一场赌博。最终，中国坚持“独立自主、自力更生”的原则，取得了主要成功，部分实现了产业转型，成为真正的世界工厂和工业强国。(1998年，欧盟通过了“与中国建立全面伙伴关系”的政策文件，将欧盟与中国的关系提升到与欧洲与美国、欧洲与俄罗斯、欧洲与日本同等的水平。)在2001年“9·11”事件之后(中国加入WTO是在2001年11月)，美国外交的重点变成了反恐，原来的对抗变成了合作，后来发生了什么大家就都知道了……

Charles Parker

As the country celebrates the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, we look back on how its transformation spread unprecedented wealth - and deepened inequality - across the Asian giant.

在中国庆祝中华人民共和国建国纪念日之际，我们回顾一下中国的转型是如何在这个亚洲大国传播前所未有的财富，同时还加深了社会不平等。

"When the Party came into control of China it was very, very poor," says DBS chief China economist Chris Leung.

"There were no trading partners, no diplomatic relationships, they were relying on self-sufficiency."

Over the past 40 years, China has introduced a series of landmark market reforms to open up trade routes and investment flows, ultimately pulling hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.

星展银行首席中国经济学家Chris Leung表示：“新中国成立时，中国非常非常贫穷。”

“没有贸易伙伴，没有外交关系，他们只能自给自足。”

但在过去40年里，中国推出了一系列具有里程碑意义的市场改革计划，开放了贸易路线和投资流动，最终使数亿中国人摆脱了贫困。

Sohan Verma

Economists generally attribute much of China's rapid economic growth to two main factors: large-scale capital investment (financed by large domestic savings and foreign investment) and rapid productivity growth. These two factors appear to have gone together hand in hand.

经济学家通常将中国经济的快速增长归因于两个主要因素：大规模资本投资(大量的国内储蓄和外国投资)和生产率的快速增长。这两个因素似乎是齐头并进的。

Eddie Kwong

Well if “developed” broadly means “like the US and the West" in terms of comparable household incomes, then 43% of its 1.4 billion people are still not “middle class". They need to uplift another 564 million people to $25k per year income to be considered middle class by China standards. Some articles suggest that would happen by 2030 if there are no major disruptions like trade wars, hot wars, and global economic collapse. To reach the average $55k per year American median household income would take an entire Earth's worth of resources so it will never happen unless China and the US switch places, RMB becomes the world reserve currency, with Chinese bonds becoming the most liquid in the world. I don't think any Americans would volunteer for that to happen. Therefore, China is going to stay a develo nation.

好吧，如果“发达国家”广义上是指家庭收入“达到美国和西方的水平”，那么中国14亿人口中仍有43%达不到“中产阶级”的标准。按照中国的标准，还需要将5.64亿人的年收入提高到2.5万美元，才能被视为中产阶级。有些文章认为，如果没有贸易战、战争或全球经济崩溃等重大事件，中国会在2030年完成这一目标。要达到平均每年5.5万美元的美国家庭收入中位数，需要耗尽整个地球的资源，所以这永远不可能实现，除非中国和美国互换位置，人民币成为世界储备货币，中国债券成为世界上流动性最强的债券。但我认为美国人不会愿意让这种事情发生。所以，中国依然还是一个发展中国家。

in Wang

Nobody will ever give a serious thought to the idea that China is a developed country.

没有人会真的相信中国是发达国家。