Why is Indian society generally poorer, more uneducated, fanatical, and deeply divided than Chinese one? Is this the fault of the current government or the British colonialists?

为什么印度社会普遍比中国更贫穷、更没文化、更狂热、更分裂？这是现任政府的错，还是英国殖民者的错？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Asimendrakumar Dhirendrakumar Dechaudhari

Goal of British rule for 100 years was to exploit India economically. So, India has become poor. Now, after independence in 1947, India is trying to become rich once again.

When Britishers introduced English as the medium of education and Govt work by replacing all Indian languages, all Indians became uneducated in one day because only knowers of English were considered educated by the Britishers. Degree from a school or college became the standard of education whereas education is a broader concept in Indian tradition. Many Indians saints were unlettered but highly educated. Rama and Krishna had no University degree but are world teachers.

英国统治了印度100年，就是为了在经济上剥削印度，印度沦为赤贫。1947年独立后，印度开始重新走向富裕。

当英国人将英语作为教育媒介引入印度，并取代印度政府的多种工作语言时，所有印度人都变成了文盲，只有会说英语的人才是英国人眼中受过教育的人。学校或大学的学位成了知识分子的标准，但在印度传统中，教育是一个更加广泛的概念。许多印度圣人并没有接受过学校教育，但有极高的学识。罗摩和奎师那都没有大学学位，但他们都成了世界宗师。

Religious fanaticism was introduced in India by Islam and Christianity who say that Allah is the only God and Christ is the onlyvl way to God and all other religions and Gods are false. Hinduism is not fanatic as it considers all religions and Gods as equal. Islam and Christianity considers Hindus as disbelievers who are destined to eternal hell but as per Hinduism no one is destined to eternal hell. So, religious fanaticism was introduced in India by Islam and Christianity. Islamic invaders destroyed Hindu temples, raped Hindu women and converted Hindus to Islam by force. Christian missionaries converted Hindus by spreading blind belief.

宗教狂热是被YSL教和基督教引入印度的，他们说安拉才是唯一的神，信仰基督教才是走近上帝的唯一途径，其他所有宗教和神明都是假的。印度教并不狂热，因为印度教认为所有宗教和神明都是平等的。YSL教和基督教却认为印度教徒是无神论者，注定要下地狱，但按照印度教的说法，没有人应该在死后下地狱。因此，YSL教和基督教把宗教狂热引入了印度。YSL侵略者摧毁了印度教的寺庙，强奸了印度教信女，并通过武力强迫印度教徒皈依YSL教。基督教传教士则通过传播虚妄的教义改变了印度教徒的信仰。

The Britishers tried to rule India by its divide and rule policy. They made caste divide permanent. Arrival of Islam and Christianity in India created religious divide between Hindus, Muslims and Christians on the basis of belief which was not there earlier in India as Hinduism allows all beliefs. There was no Central Govt to fight foreign invaders as India was ruled by many kings. Foreign invaders exploited this weakness of India to defeat and rule over us. After independence, we have created a Central Govt and central Armed Force which can can deal with any external aggression even from nuclear powered China and Pakistan. Now we are inferior to none.

英国人试图通过分而治之的政策来统治印度。他们强化了种姓分隔的概念。YSL教和基督教在印度的活动造成了印度教徒、MSL和基督徒之间的宗教分歧，这在印度的早期历史上是不存在的，因为印度教包容所有的信仰。

在印度的早期历史上，印度这片土地一直由许多王公分散统治，所以印度没有统一的中央政府来对抗外国侵略者。

外国侵略者正是利用印度的这一弱点打败和统治了印度。独立后，印度组建了中央政府和中央武装力量，有能力应对任何外来侵略，甚至可以应对拥有核武器的中国和巴基斯坦。现在我们已经丝毫不逊色于其他国家了。

Mohan Kalaiselvan

People get the government they deserve. Chinese are united because they threw the religion out.

No use of blaming Britishers or Mughals after seventy years of freedom .China was in a worse state than India when they gained independence many years after us.

The only difference I can think of is the kind of leaders the Chinese people chose.

政府都是民众自己票选出来的。中国人之所以团结，是因为他们放弃了宗教信仰。

在独立70年后再来指责英国人或莫卧儿王朝，已经毫无意义。中国比我们还晚独立，当时中国的状况比印度差多了。

我能想到的唯一区别，就在于中国人民选择了英明的领导。

Sandhu

But how do you know that?

Oh, because Indian govt share the true data of its state and economy unlike Chinese?

Exactly.

但你又是怎么知道这些的？

哦，就因为印度政府和中国不一样，印度会公开印度国情和经济的真实数据？

没错。

Judy Rofe

I guess you’ve got to have someone to blame, don’t you?

It’s not like people have a choice, do they?

我猜你就是想找个人来背锅，对吧？

但老百姓并没有选择的余地啊，不是吗？

Sam Arora

Comparing India and China is an exercise in futility; China is poised to be the world's number one. And, Well, India will never even dream about reaching there.

Chinese society is very homogeneous. Ninety percent of the population are Han; the other ten percent are well integrated into the mainstream.

把印度和中国作比较，只会是徒劳；中国对世界第一的地位势在必得。而印度，做梦也不敢肖想这个目标吧。

中国的社会非常同质化，90%的人口都是汉族；另外的10%少数民 族也顺利融入了主流社会。

Indian society is very diverse, and most of the time, there is one problem or the other.

而印度的社会非常多元化，大多数时候都存在这样或那样的问题。

Chinese productivity is ONE of the highest in the world. No race, no nationality can match it.

Chinese people are very disciplined individuals. And they are team players.

Chinese infrastructure is surpassing even the former so-called first world.

The Chinese governing system is very effective and has almost zero tolerance.

Chinese people talk less and deliver more.

中国是世界上生产力最高的国家之一。其他任何民族，任何国家都比不上中国。

中国人是纪律性很强的民族，也是团队精神很强的民族。

中国的基础设施甚至超过了原先那些所谓的第一世界国家。

中国的治理体系非常高效，有令必达。

中国人做得多，说得少。

Chinese public transport is a model in terms of efficiency, cost, and safety.

I believe Chinese women have claimed half of the sky fair and square. She is very safe in China. Not as much as Japan and Singapore, but very close. Chinese women can walk alone in the middle of the night in any city in China, including massive cities like Beiing and Shanghai.

Please go to China and see it yourself: I have done it six times, worked with Chinese from all over the world and know a thing or two about them.

中国的公共交通在效率、成本和安全方面堪称全球典范。

我相信中国妇女真的已经顶起了半边天。女性在中国非常安全。虽然还比不上日本和新加坡，但也非常接近了。在中国的任意一个城市，包括北京和上海这样的大城市，中国女性都可以在午夜独自出门。

请你们去中国亲自看看吧，我已经去过中国六次了，我也跟来自世界各地的中国人一起工作过，所以我对中国人有一定的了解。

On the other hand, India is riddled with a useless, ineffective governing system.

India is at least 30 to 40 years behind China; therefore, comparing these two countries is pointless. India's economy is merely 1/6th that of China.

Yes, I was born and partly grew up in India, and I visited my native country regularly.

另一方面，印度只有无用、无效的治理体系。

印度至少落后中国30到40年的时间，因此，对比这两个国家是完全没有意义的。现在印度的经济规模只有中国的六分之一。

是的，我出生在印度，成长在印度，我现在还会经常回故乡看看。

Jack Ye

What did China do so different than India that China is so rich and developed now? Did de ocracy fail in India?

History gave Indian politicians half a century, and unsurprisingly they failed.

中国和印度究竟有何不同，让中国已经变得如此富裕发达？皿煮在印度失败了吗？

历史曾给了印度政客半个世纪的时间，但他们还是失败了。

What China did

Throughout the history of People’s Republic of China, infrastructure, industry, education have always been priorities of government agendas.

Government took the responsibility to organize and plan the economy. The most famous example is Five Year Plans.

中国做了什么？

从中华人民共和国建国至今，中国一直把基础设施、工业、教育作为优先发展的事项。

中国承担了经济规划和筹划的责任。最被世人熟知的就是五年计划。

Before Chinese economic reform, which was initiated in 1978, China already had its own basic industry. Of course, Soviet’s aid in 1950s was very important. Those Soviet aid, Soviet engineers and Soviet machines kicked start the growth of China’s industry.

The foundation of economic reform was settled in the first 30 years of PRC.

中国在1978年实施经济改革前，已经拥有了自己的基础工业。当然，1950年代苏联对中国的援助起到了举足轻重的作用。苏联的援助、苏联的工程师和苏联的设备促进了中国工业的发展。

中国实施经济改革的基础是在新中国成立后的最初30年奠定的。

China provided a good environment for commerce and investment. From 1980s to early 2010s, China’s industry attracted many foreign investment and foreign traders. For example, Japan began investing in China since the 1980s.

Due to low wages, China slowly gained its position in the supply chain, and eventually grew into the “World Factory” that it is today.

中国提供了良好的营商和投资环境。从20世纪80年代到2010年代初，中国的工业吸引了许多外国投资和贸易商。例如，日本就是从20世纪80年代开始在中国投资的。

因为用工成本较低，中国逐步在供应链中站稳了脚跟，并最终成长为如今的“世界工厂”。

India is the counter example of China.

而印度正是中国的反例。

1st reason: Indian government does not invest in infrastructure (I think Indian Quora users know more than me),

第一个原因：印度政府没有投资建设基础设施。我相信印度的Quora用户比我更清楚这一点

So in another word, India’s total railway length increased from 54,000 km to 68,000 km, from 1946 to 2020.

Do you know what is that number for China?

In 1949, China had 27,000 km of rail; In 2021, that number is 146,000 km. And out of the 146,000 km of rail, China has 35,000 km of High Speed Railway.

Also, notice there is a line of data called “electrification”? It refers to trains that use electricity as power source, rather than burning fossil fuels.

46,000 km of rails in India has been electrified.

100,000 km of rails in China has been electrified.

换句话说，从1946年到2020年，印度铁路的总长度仅仅从5.4万公里增加到6.8万公里。

但你知道中国的这个数字是多少吗？

1949年，中国铁路总长为2.7万公里；2021年，这一数字达到了14.6万公里。在这14.6万公里中，高铁的里程达到了3.5万公里。

还有，你有没有注意到一行数据是“电气化”？它指的是用电力代替化石燃料来驱动的火车。

印度有4.6万公里的铁路实现了电气化。

中国有10万公里的铁路实现了电气化。

2nd reason: education in India sucks.

I have a very simple indicator, about how well the education system in a country is: Literacy.

What is the rate of literacy in India? You are welcomed to google it.

As a result, despite India had a good relationship with both Soviet and United States, India did not catch the opportunity to become industrialized.

第二个原因：印度的教育糟糕透顶。

对于一个国家的教育体系，我有一个非常简单的参考指标：识字率。

印度的识字率是多少？欢迎你上谷歌搜索一下。

所以，虽然印度跟苏联和美国的关系都还不错，但印度并没有好好抓住实现工业化的机会。

3rd reason: It is hard to run a business in India.

Despite having a population of 1.4 billion, India fails to have a large manufacturing sector. We are seeing manufacture leaving China for Vietnam, rather than India.

Why?

Let’s look at a set of data: Ease of doing business index (how easy it is to run a business)

第三个原因：在印度做生意太难了。

印度拥有14亿人口，但并没能打造一个庞大的制造业。正如我们所见，如今制造业逐步从中国转移到越南，而非印度。

为什么呢？

让我们来看一组数据：经商难易程度指数

What is the ranking of China in 2020? 31st place, not bad.

What is the ranking of India in 2020? 63th place, not bad.

But if we look up data from previous years, you would notice that, a few years back, India was often ranked somewhere between 120–150.

2020年中国排名多少呢？第31名，挺好的。

2020年印度排名多少呢？第63名，也不错。

但如果再往前查阅，看看几年前的数据，你会发现印度的排名经常在120-150之间徘徊。

Min Yan

What did China do so different than India that China is so rich and developed now? Did de ocracy fail in India?

中国和印度究竟有何不同，让中国已经变得如此富裕发达？皿煮在印度失败了吗？

India followed the system of its colonial master, while China is an independent country who did things by itself.

India was effectively a union of many different countries at its independence. The British system was probably the only way to put all the diverse people together. However, this means the ability of the government is severely compromised.

印度一直延用殖民统治者的制度，而中国是一个独立自主的国家。

印度在独立之处，其实只是多个国家的联盟体。英国的制度可能是把各色人等拧在一起的唯一方法。但这么做也意味着印度政府的能力受到了严重的损害。

China was also quite disorganised before the establishment of the People’s Republic. Its productivity was even worse than India. However, the Chinese Co unist Party was the most organised and revolutionary party in the world. This means the new Chinese were very much united to work for a common goal, and lots of old barriers for development were broken by the revolution.

在中华人民共和国成立之前，中国也曾处于混乱无序的状态。中国当时的生产力甚至还不如印度。但是，中国的党是全世界最具组织性和革命性的政党，新中国的公民非常团结，为了共同的目标而奋斗，因此许多旧式的发展障碍都被革命破除了。

China already completed many social transformation that are necessary for a modern industrial country, while India still have way too many obstacles to the modernisation. This has nothing to do with de ocracy.

中国已经完成了现代工业国家必要的社会转型，但印度在实现现代化的方面还存在太多障碍。这和皿煮无关。