Is China on track to meeting its Made in China 2025 targets?  It sounds like a lot to accomplish in 5 years.

中国是否有望实现中国制造2025的目标？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

Let's see

NEVs - China has already MET it's 2025 target of 80% and today Chinese Brands have an 86% market share for NEVs in China

High Tech Ship Components - China has already MET it's 2025 target of 80% and today almost 83% of High Tech Ship components are from the Domestic market

让我们一起来看看

新能源汽车-中国已经实现了2025年目标的80%，目前中国品牌在中国新能源汽车的市场份额为86%

高科技船舶组件-中国已经实现了2025年目标的80%，今天几乎83%的高科技船舶组件都来自国内市场

High Performance Medical Devices

China had a target to ensure 71 Medical Devices could be made fully in China with Chinese core technology from 43% in 2020 to 65% in 2025

In 2020 it was 71 Devices that were fully imported or needed western core technology

In 2025, it's only 13 Devices left of which only 4 are fully Imported

Thus it's 82% Complete with 21 months to go

高性能医疗器械

中国的目标是确保71种医疗设备能够完全实现中国制造，中国核心技术的使用率要从2020年的43%增加到2025年的65%

2020年，完全进口或依赖西方核心技术的设备还是71种

到2025年，就只剩下13种了，其中只有4种还是完全进口的

因此，中国提前21个月完成了82%的目标

Industrial Robots - Chinas Target is from 43% to 65%.

Chinese companies share of Industrial Robots within the Chinese Market is 57.2% in 2023

Chinese Core Technology share rose from a paltry 26% in 2020 to 47% in 2024

Thus the target is 86% Complete with 21 months to go

工业机器人—中国的目标是从43%上升到65%。

2023年，中国工业机器人企业在中国市场上的份额为57.2%

中国核心技术份额从2020年的26%上升到2024年的47%

因此，中国提前21个月完成了86%的目标

Large Tractors and Harvesters

Chinese Brands rose their Domestic Share in Tractors and Harvesters from 27% in 2020 to 39% in 2023

Thus the target is 65% complete with 21 months to go

China wont hit their target by 2025 because at this year's two sessions, they did say 50% was the new target over 60% and mainly due to three years of Covid lockdowns

大型拖拉机和收割机

中国品牌在拖拉机和收割机领域的国内份额从2020年的27%上升到2023年的39%

因此，中国提前21个月完成了65%的目标

中国无法在2025年前实现目标，因为在今年的两会上，他们明确表示因为持续3年的新冠疫情，目标要下调至50%。

Mobile Phone Chips

China set itself Five Goals :-

Full Self sufficiency in 45 nm Chips

Full Self sufficiency in 28 nm Chips

At least 35% of the 14nm Chips made in China

Fully Indigenous Commercial 14 nm Process Machine

At least 15% of 7 nm Chips made in China

手机芯片

中国为自己设定了五个目标：

45纳米芯片，要实现完全自给自足

28纳米芯片，要实现完全自给自足

至少有35%的14纳米芯片在中国制造

商业14纳米加工机，实现完全国产化

至少有15%的7纳米芯片在中国制造

Of these Goals :-

Target 1 - ACHIEVED - Full sufficiency in 45 nm Chips

Target 2 - ACHIEVED - Full sufficiency in 28 nm Chips

Target 3 - ALMOST ACHIEVED. 34% of the 14 nm Chips are now made in China for domestic demand in 2023. Definitely China will hit the 42–45% mark next year

Target 4 - NOT ACHIEVED. The fully indigenous 14nm Machine has not yet been fully commercialized. You have 87 Approved Prototypes but Commercialization target is now 2026 Middle

Target 5 - NOT ACHIEVED. China gets only 5.3% of it's 7 nm Chips as of 2023. This may grow to 8% or 8.5% by 2024. Well short of the 15% Target set in 2020

这些目标中：

目标1 -实现-45纳米芯片已实现自给自足

目标2 -实现-28纳米芯片已实现自给自足

目标3 -几乎实现。目前，中国有34%的14纳米芯片是在中国制造的，满足2023年的国内需求。毫无疑问，明年国产化比例将达到42% - 45%的水平。

目标4 -尚未达到。完全自主研发的14纳米加工机尚未完全商业化。中国已经有了87个获批的原型机，但要实现商业化目标，需要等到2026年中期

目标5 -尚未达到。截至2023年，中国仅制造了7纳米芯片的5.3%。到2024年，这一比例可能增长到8%或8.5%。远低于2020年设定的15%的目标。

Wide Body Aircraft

Target was at least 7.50% Market Share for Chinese Aircraft and 30% Supply Chain

The first target is ALMOST ACHIEVED already with a 6.60% Market Share in 2023 for the ARJ 21 & C 919

The second target is ALMOST ACHIEVED in 2023 itself with almost 26.50% Supply Chain

Both are fully expected to be achieved by 2025

宽体飞机

目标是中国飞机至少达到7.5%的市场份额和30%的供应链

第一个目标几乎已经实现，2023年ARJ 21和C 919的市场份额为6.60%

第二个目标在2023年也接近完成，供应链份额接近26.50%

这两个目标都有望在2025年完全实现

So almost all Targets are expected to be met

So ultimately as always it's the Chips where China couldn't hit their goals fully and that's because the Biden administration changed the game with restrictive measures for the past 2 years to 3 years

The new target for 7 nm Chips is a 30% market supply from domestic chipmakers by 2027

因此，中国几乎所有的目标都有望实现

因此，最后的难题还是集中在中国未能完全实现目标的芯片上，这是因为拜登政府在过去两到三年里通过限制性措施改变了局势。

中国对7纳米芯片设立的新目标是2027年国内芯片制造商的市场供应达到30%。

Virgo Smith

China's "Made in China 2025" initiative was launched in 2015 with the goal of upgrading the country's industry and technology in key sectors such as robotics, aerospace, new energy vehicles, and high-tech medical devices. The initiative aims to reduce China's reliance on foreign technology and establish the country as a global leader in advanced manufacturing.

中国于2015年启动了“中国制造2025”计划，目标是在机器人、航空航天、新能源汽车、高技术医疗器械等关键领域实现产业和科技的升级。该计划的目的是减少中国对外国技术的依赖，并让中国跻身先进制造业的全球领导者。

While 2025 is approaching, it is challenging to provide a definitive answer about China's progress toward meeting all of the specific targets outlined in the initiative. China has made significant advancements in various high-tech industries, and it has invested heavily in research and development to achieve its goals. However, the initiative has also faced criticism and pushback from some foreign governments due to concerns about intellectual property theft and unfair competition. Additionally, global trade tensions and geopolitical issues have affected the implementation of the initiative.

虽然2025年即将到来，但要就中国在实现“中国制造2025”计划的所有具体目标方面取得的进展给出一个明确的答案，并非易事。中国在各种高科技产业都取得了重大进展，并在研发方面投入了大量资金。但出于对知识产权窃取和不公平竞争的担忧，“中国制造2025”也遭遇了一些外国政府的批评和抵制。此外，全球贸易紧张局势和地缘政治问题影响了该项计划的实施。

Overall, whether China is on track to meeting all of its "Made in China 2025" targets is difficult to determine, but the country has made notable progress in develo its high-tech industries and innovation capabilities.

总体而言，中国能否如期实现“中国制造2025”的所有目标还难以确定，但中国在发展高新科技产业和创新能力方面确实取得了显著进展。

Joseph Loh

MIC 2025 is an initiative which strives to secure China's position a global pow- erhouse in high-tech industries. The aim is to reduce China's reliance on foreign technology imports and invest heavily in its own innovations in order to create Chinese companies that can compete both domestically and internationally, From what we can see and gather from the current market and products made by China, I think they may have already achieved this target or very near to it, electric vehicles, Huawei, 5G, recently 5n chips ( thou not commercial marketable, ship industry, food and energy security etc , if not for the restrictions and sanctions from USA and the collective west, they are already moving towards the next level,

“中国制造2025”是一项推动中国成为全球高科技产业强国的计划。该计划的目的是减少中国对外国技术的依赖和进口，大举投资自己的发明创新，打造可以参与国内外竞争的中国企业。

根据我们当前在市场和中国制造的商品所观察和收集到的信息，我认为中国可能已经实现这个目标了，或者非常接近了。

电动汽车，华为，5G，最近的5 纳米级芯片(虽然还不能投入商业销售)、航运业、粮食和能源安全等。

如果不是美国和西方集体的限制和制裁，中国肯定已经进入下一个阶段了。

Eevi Härkönen

The propaganda apparatus of Peking has been silent on the strategic initiative in recent years, at least based on my observation. Obviously, the practicality of its disproportionate expenditure on pioneering new technologies has been called into question, given the frustrating conditions under which innovation, entrepreneurship and private sector have managed to survive.

中国的宣传机构近年来一直对这一计划保持沉默，至少根据我的观察是这样的。显然，由于创新、企业家精神和私企的生存环境不佳，在研发新技术方面的巨额支出的可行性遭到了质疑。

For thriving tech ecosystems to flourish there is a need to overcome the toxc business environment. It’s hard to keep budding entrepreneurs motivated otherwise. With no immediate prospect of optimizing innovation ecosystem and a lack of technical capacity, getting high-tech off the ground can be an uphill struggle.

要让蓬勃发展的科技生态系统蓬勃发展，就需要克服不健康的商业环境。否则，初出茅庐的创业者很难保持动力。由于目前没有优化创新生态系统的前景，而且缺乏科技能力，高科技行业想要起飞，可能非常艰难。

Robin Daverman

One thing people seem to have been misguided by the Media is this:

The “Made-in-China” program is all about CHINA’S DOMESTIC MARKET. Not the international market, and certainly not the US or European markets

人们似乎被媒体误导了一件事：

“中国制造”的核心是中国的国内市场，并非国际市场，当然也不是美国或欧洲市场。

It’s not that ambitious. Challenging, yes, but there’s solid economic drivers behind it. The biggest economic driver is this:

China is a country with GDP per capita of around $10,000 per year.

The US/EU are countries with GDP per capita around $50,000 per year.

There is significant market demand for lower-priced products.

这个计划的野心并没有那么大。是的，确实是有挑战性，但背后还有坚实的经济驱动力。而最大的经济驱动力就是：

中国的人均GDP为1万美元左右。

美国/欧盟的人均GDP为5万美元。

中国市场对低价商品的需求很大。

The ones who do hair for Marie Antoinette will not want to drop the prices, because they have highly-paid hairdressers, and their market niche is “high price, high class”. The Chinese themselves know what kind of products and what kind of trade-offs the regular Chinese consumers want, so they will come up with things better suited for their own countrymen, which leads to expanded market share domestically. This is the natural market force that will drive the Made-in-China. Go from “nothing” to “something” is difficult, but if you already have “something”, making improvement on that is much easier.

为玛丽·安托瓦内特做发型的人不愿降低价格，因为他们雇佣高薪的理发师，市场定位就是”高价，高质”。中国人自己知道中国普通消费者想要什么样的产品和什么样的交易，所以他们推出的是更适合自己国人的商品，这扩大了国内市场的份额。这正是推动“中国制造”的天然市场力量。从“无”到“有”很困难，但如果你已经“有”了基础，那么在此基础上进行提升就容易得多了。

So I don’t even know what Mr. Trump wants.

Do you want to drop prices to grow market share? No!

Do you want to learn Chinese? No!

Do you want to become better at understanding Chinese markets than the Chinese themselves? No!

Do you want to make things for people who make $5,000 a year? No! I’ve never met anybody who only makes $5,000 a year in my entire life!!

So what do you want to do? Trade war!

所以我根本都不知道特朗普先生想要什么。

你想通过降价来扩大市场份额吗？不！

你想学汉语吗？不！

你想比中国人更了解中国市场吗？不！

你想为年收入5000美元的人生产商品吗？不！我这辈子都没见过一年只挣5000美元的人！！

那你想干嘛呢？贸易战！

OK but how is this supposed to be helpful when your whole beef is about wanting to sell more stuff into the Chinese domestic market? This is all “breaking things”, not “building things”.

So China has decided to just ignore him and go do her own thing. The whole thing is about China’s own DOMESTIC MARKET in the first place, after all!

好吧，但如果你的目标就是想向中国国内市场销售更多商品时，贸易战能起到什么帮助呢？贸易战只会“破坏一切”，不会“推动发展”。

所以中国决定无视特朗普，做好自己的事。毕竟，“中国制造”从一开始就是为了满足中国自己的国内市场！