In 1947, why did Sikhs choose India over Khalistan?  They could've easily had a 3-way population exchange in Punjab.

1947年，为什么锡克教徒选择了印度，没有选择建立锡克教国家？他们本可以在旁遮普进行三方人口交换的。

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Inderjit Atwal

First of all, it is not about Sikhs, it is about Punjabis (Yes - Maharaja Ranjeet Singh’s empire was called Sikh empire, but sikhs were less than 15% in his empire. so basically his empire was all about Punjab and punjabis (Hindus, sikh, muslim, any other minority).. Now.. why they did not choose in 1947.. Punjabis were not given a choice.. 4 people were key decisions makers in particition.. Mount batten, Nehru, innah and Sardar Patel… innah was born in karachi and lived in Bombay.. had absolutely no connection with punjab or punjabis.. Nehru and saradar patel had no punjab connection either and Mount batten was definately not punjabi.. So the fate of punjab was basically decided by people with absolutely no punjab connection.. and people on both sides of punjab were left with zero choice.. and hence any hope to resurrect the great kingdom was totally destroyed due to religion and politics

首先，跟锡克教徒没什么关系，其实是事关旁遮普人(是的，王公兰吉特·辛格的帝国被称为锡克教帝国，但锡克教徒在他的帝国中的占比还不到15%。所以基本上他的帝国都是旁遮普人(印度教徒，锡克教徒，MSL，还有其他少数族群)…现在再来看他们1947年为什么没有做出选择…因为旁遮普人并没有选择的权利…

当时有4个人是关键的决策者。巴顿山、尼赫鲁、真纳和萨达尔·帕特尔……真纳出生在卡拉奇，居住在孟买。他和旁遮普或旁遮普人完全没有关系。尼赫鲁和萨达尔·帕特尔跟旁遮普邦也没有关系，巴顿山肯定不是旁遮普人了。所以旁遮普邦的命运基本上是由与旁遮普邦毫无关系的人决定的。旁遮普邦的民众别无选择。因此，复兴伟大帝国的希望被宗教和政治彻底摧毁了。

Gurjeet Singh Gill

In 1947 , Iskhs joined India becuase Jawarlal Nehru promised Sikhs to gave to Sikhs , an autonomous state , if Sikhs join India , but after Nehru betrayed Sikhs . Now Sikhs want Khalistan “Land of pure (Khalsa)”

1947年，锡克教徒加入了印度，因为贾瓦拉尔·尼赫鲁曾经向锡克教徒承诺，如果锡克教徒加入印度，他会给锡克教徒一个自治邦，但尼赫鲁背叛了锡克教徒。现在锡克教徒想要成立锡克教国家，所谓的“纯净之地”。

Balinder Kaur

Sikhs wanted Khalistan also in 1947 , but the Cruel Government Of India , doesn't refill Sikh’s dream

1947年的时候，锡克教徒也想要成立锡克教国家，但冷酷的印度政府并没有让锡克教徒的梦想成真。

Dazzling Boy

The partition of India in 1947 was a tumultuous and challenging period in which millions of people were displaced, and widespread violence and communal tensions erupted. It is important to recognize that the decision-making processes of individuals or communities during such times are complex and influenced by a multitude of factors.

When it comes to the Sikhs and their choice to remain in India rather than pursue an independent Sikh state, there are several key reasons to consider:

1947年印度分治，那是一个动荡和艰难的年代，数百万人流离失所，出现了暴力活动和社区对抗的局面。有一点很重要，我们必须认识到在这种时期，个人或社区的决策过程肯定是非常复杂的，会受到多种因素的影响。

说到锡克教徒和他们选择留在印度，没有建立独立的锡克教国家，有以下几个关键的原因值得考虑：

1. Protection of Sikh interests: The Sikh community had concerns about their safety and the preservation of their religious, cultural, and political rights. Many Sikhs believed that being a part of a secular and de ocratic India would offer them better safeguards and opportunities to maintain their distinct identity and participate in the de ocratic process.

1. 保护锡克教的利益：锡克教社区关心他们的安全以及他们的宗教、文化和政治权利的保护。许多锡克教徒认为，作为世俗和皿煮的印度的一部分，可以为他们提供更好的保障和机会，让他们保持自己的身份，参与皿煮化进程。

2. Political landscape: The political climate at the time played a significant role in sha the decisions of various groups. The Indian National Congress, led by figures like Jawaharlal Nehru, presented a vision of a united India, inclusive of diverse communities and religious groups. This resonated with some Sikhs who shared a common struggle for independence from British rule and sought to work within a unified Indian framework.

2. 政治格局：当时的政治气候对不同群体制订决策的过程产生了重要的影响。由贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁等人物领导的印度国民大会党提出了统一印度的愿景，要把不同的社区和宗教团体都统一起来。这引起了一些锡克教徒的共鸣，他们也曾为脱离英国统治，实现独立而斗争，希望能加入统一后的印度。

3. Economic considerations: The partition resulted in massive population displacement and economic upheaval. Many Sikhs had economic ties and landholdings in regions that would become part of India, and they may have weighed the potential benefits of remaining in those areas instead of uprooting themselves to establish a separate state.

3. 经济方面的考量：印度分治导致了大量人口流离失所、经济动荡。许多锡克教徒在有可能成为印度领土的地区拥有经济合作关系和土地，他们可能也权衡过，与其背井离乡建立独立国家，不如留在这些地区，也许潜在的好处更大。

4. Strategic calculations: It is important to note that the demand for Khalistan, or an independent Sikh state, was not universally embraced by all Sikhs. While some Sikhs advocated for a separate state, others believed that remaining within India would offer them greater political leverage and opportunities to shape national policies.

4. 战略考量：我们要注意一点，对卡利斯坦或独立的锡克教国家的需求并没有得到所有锡克教徒的普遍认可。虽然有些锡克教徒主张建立一个独立的锡克教国家，但其他人认为，留在印度可以为他们提供更大的政治影响力和制订国家政策的机会。

These are just some of the factors that influenced the decision of the Sikh community to remain in India rather than pursue Khalistan. It is crucial to recognize that historical events are complex, and individual choices and community decisions are shaped by a multitude of factors, including political, social, economic, and security considerations.

以上几点都是影响锡克教社区决定留在印度，而没有成立锡克教国家的一些因素。重要的是我们要记住一点：历史事件错综复杂，个人的选择和社区的决定都会受到多种因素的影响，包括政治、社会、经济和安全方面的考量。

Sher Jatt

SIkhs were not far sighted.

Indian leaders promised a secular state but innah was living with Indians all his life and knew that they were not secular.

He therefore supported the calls for an Islamic homeland and supported the Pakistan movement.

Sikhs and some indian muslims fell in the trap of supporting congress when they were dishonest and promised something that they could not deliver which was a secular state.

锡克教徒缺乏远见。

印度领导人承诺过要建立一个世俗国家，但真纳一生都和印度人生活在一起，他知道印度人并不世俗。

所以他支持建立YSL家园的呼吁，支持巴基斯坦运动。

锡克教徒和一些印度MSL陷入了支持国大党的陷阱，因为他们不诚信，承诺了一些无法兑现的东西，即世俗化国家。

Zarath Aspa

First of all in the aftermath of 1947 there were only one way induced population exchange that is , Hindus , Sikhs were forced to migrate from newly created Pakistan towards truncated India . The other way round was not induced but out of imaginative fear that even if the revenge from Hindus would be 1% of what Muslims did with then during the riots on 46–47 it would be too heavy for them, thus this voluntary migration of Muslims was much in much lower proportion.

首先，1947年之后只有一种方式诱导人口流动，那就是，印度教徒和锡克教徒被迫从新成立的巴基斯坦迁移到印度。而人口从印度迁移到巴基斯坦的情况并非收到诱导，而是出于想象中的恐惧，就算印度教徒的报复只占MSL在46-47年骚乱期间所犯恶行的1%，对他们来说也已经非常沉重了，因此MSL自愿迁移的比例要低很多。

In essence it were Muslims who want exclusive Muslims hamlet for themselves that led to one way migration.

Sikhs were aware of their history and as such they consider themselves no different than Hindus. If at all they had fears that was from Muslims which forces them to speak a bit of a different hamlet but they were very comfortable with HIndu Majority because they were part of the Hindu and this fact they knew.

本质上其实是MSL想要专属于自己的MSL村落，这导致了单向迁移。

锡克教徒知道他们自己的历史，所以他们认为自己与印度教徒没有什么不同。如果真的有区别，他们担心MSL会迫使他们说另一个村庄的语言，但他们对印度教徒占多数的现状感到很满意，因为他们也属于印度教徒，他们知道这个事实。

The current generation of either HIndus or Sikhs both are completely unaware of the history of the subcontinent. Evolution of Sikhs in Punjab is with the desire to preserve typical Punjabi traditions which were being swallowed by Islam gradually in the garb of Sufism. The brilliant idea of Gurus to incorporate the verses of same Sufis in Guru Granth Sahib (Specially Baba Farid ) was not to make a separate religion as a bridge between Hindus and Muslims but to do the reverse that is to swallow Sufism within the fold of Hindu Ethos. This trick helped to check the mass conversion of peasantry from Hindus to Islam. This was very smart on the part of Gurus. This struggle to save Hinduism from Islam continued during the entire 17th and 18th AD and Sikhs were slaughtered several times by governors like Yahya Khan and the like of Zakariya khan. These all sacrifices were to save Hindus and Hindu religion. Each Hindu was obliged to give his elder son to serve for Sikhs.

这一代印度教徒和锡克教徒完全不了解次大陆的历史。旁遮普邦锡克教徒的努力是为了保护旁遮普邦的传统，这些传统逐渐被披着苏菲派主义外衣的YSL教所取代了。

宗教大师们把苏菲派的经文跟葛朗斯·萨伊布宗师教义结合的点子并不是想要打造一个独立的宗教，作为印度教徒和MSL教徒之间的桥梁，而是与之相反，把苏菲派主义融入印度教的教义中。

这个法子可以阻碍农民从印度教徒大规模皈依YSL教的现象。保护印度教不被YSL教同化的斗争一直持续到公元17和18世纪，锡克教教徒被叶海亚汗和扎卡里亚汗等统治者屠杀了好多次。

这些牺牲都是为了拯救印度教徒和印度教。每个印度教徒都有义务让自己的大儿子帮助锡克教徒。

So reader should see the sinister design behind this question rather than Jum to answer in hurry.

因此，读者应该看清这个问题背后的阴险意图，不要急于回答。

Noel

Population

Even though the “Sikhs” were a homegrown imperial power, they didn’t have a considerable population like the subcontinent muslims. Islamic powers used proselytisation/taxation/forced conversion at sword tip, to create a large diaspora within their empires whereas no such proselytising, taxation or forced conversion took place under Sikh empire. North India (NWFP, Punjab, Sindh, United Provinces, Bengal and Bihar provinces) were almost 30–40% muslim with the extreme western and eastern ends being almost 70–90% muslim (modern day Pakistan and Bangladesh) whereas Sikhs were a small race in the Greater Punjab region with only 14% in the whole Punjab area as of 1947. As a result, their presence was only felt in few areas of Punjab, mainly in the areas between Lahore and Amritsar.

人口

尽管“锡克”是一个本土的帝国，但他们不像次大陆的MSL那样，人口众多。YSL势力使用传教、税收和强行皈依等手段，在他们的帝国内制造了一个庞大的侨民团体。

但在锡克教帝国时期，他们没有推行传教、税收或强行皈依。北印度（西北边境省、旁遮普省、信德省、联合省、孟加拉省和比哈尔省）的MSL人口比例接近30-40%，而最西部和最东部的MSL人口比例接近70-90%（现在的巴基斯坦和孟加拉国），但在大旁遮普地区，锡克教徒只是一个很小的种族，1947年的时候，锡克教徒在整个旁遮普地区的人口比例仅有14%。因此，我们只能在旁遮普邦的少数地区，主要是拉合尔和阿姆利则之间的地区可以感觉到锡克教徒的存在。

After the partition of India, almost 60% of Punjab region went to Pakistan including Sikh heartlands- Lahore, Sialkot and the surrounding cities. Also in Indian Punjab, Sikhs are majority only in the bordering areas of Wagah since the Hilly parts were majority Hindu majority diverse hill race and the Eastern part was Hindi speaking, Hindu majority Haryanvis. You can clearly see Sikh Majority in 3 to 4 small districts in whole Punjab

印度分治后，旁遮普邦有近60%的土地归入巴基斯坦，包括锡克的中心地带—拉合尔、锡亚尔科特和周围的城市。同样在印度旁遮普邦，锡克教徒只是聚集在瓦加的边境地区，因为当地山区的大多数居民都是印度教徒，而东部地区是讲印地语的，印度教占据多数人口的哈里扬维斯。在整个旁遮普邦，锡克教徒仅在3到4个小地方占多数。

So demanding a land as small as modern day Punjab would be pretty waste as this one standalone Sikh country would be sandwiched under mighty India and Pakistan. Khalistan as state would fail (given it spans only the Indian Punjab) since it would have no sea route, land route and its water would always be under the control of India. Such a small country between hostile India and Pakistan would turn Khalistan into a proxy battlefield.

因此，对今天的旁遮普邦这么小的一块土地提出主权要求，纯属浪费气力，因为这个独立的锡克教国家会被强大的印度和巴基斯坦夹在中间。作为一个国家，它注定要失败，因为它没有海路和陆路，它的水源也会永远处在印度的控制之下。这样一个小国夹在相互敌对的印度和巴基斯坦之间，只会把锡克教国家变成一个代理战场。

Anonymous

They Never Choose India, They have No other Options.

Sikhs have few small Princely state, unlike Rajputs and muslim.

Also, Punjab is a Muslim majority state before partition.

So they don't have any other option instead of coming to India.

他们从来都没有选择过印度，他们只是没有其他选择。

跟拉吉普特人和MSL不一样，锡克教徒只有一些小的王公邦。

而且旁遮普邦在分治前就是一个MSL占多数的邦。

所以他们没有其他选择，只能来印度。

Anonymous

Khalistan would have to be made in between India and Pakistan and it was not feasible. So Sikhs chose India. There are many Hindus also in Indian Punjab, not only Sikhs. Pakistan, being a radical Muslim country, it was impossible to join it.

锡克教国家只能建在印度和巴基斯坦之间，但这事并不可行，所以锡克教徒选择了印度。印度旁遮普也有很多印度教徒，当地不是只有锡克教徒。巴基斯坦是一个激进的MSL国家，锡克教徒不可能加入巴基斯坦。