印度有可能效仿中国的增长和发展模式吗

Is it possible for India to follow the Chinese model of growth and development?

印度有可能效仿中国的增长和发展模式吗？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam

Absolutely

India doesn't need to become a One Party Nation or a Nation for that

当然了

印度并不需要变成一党国家

All India needs is

Drastic Legislation

Massive Base Education Program at Government Cost

Meritocracy and more Meritocracy

Failure Standards and Continuous evaluation in every arena

印度所需要的就是：

制订严厉的法律

政府为大规模的基础教育项目提供资金

精英政治以及更多的精英政治

为每个领域制订评估标准，并进行持续评估

That's how China became what it is

So it couldn't have been Autocracy alone that steered Chinas massive growth. It should have been the above qualities

这就是中国得以获得成功的方式

因此，独断专行绝不是中国经济高速增长的主要原因。中国的发展主要是以上几点的功劳。

Education and Meritocracy are Chinas biggest strength

Social Justice, Reservations and Cheap Politics are Indias biggest weaknesses

In China,being poor gets you nothing except a free schooling and a lunchtime meal and community tutions

In China, the richer and poorer students go to similar Public Schools with the same Syllabus

So you can't make excuses of poverty

China says “Too bad. If you don't have the merit , please go work at a farm”

教育和精英管理是中国最大的优势。

社会正义、预留制和无耻的政治局势都是印度最大的弱点。

在中国，穷人除了能获得免费教育、免费午餐和社区辅导外什么都得不到

在中国，富人家和穷人家的孩子上的都是差不多的公立学校，教学大纲也一样

所以你不能以贫穷为借口

中国说“真不幸。如果你没有其他能力，那就去农场工作吧。”

Another biggest strength of the Chinese System is ACCOUNTABILITY and FAILURE STANDARDS

Any Problem and China will zero in on the culprit in minutes or days

Every Department has its own role to play

Every Ministry has its own Failure Standards and Performance standards and Promotions are based on these standards

中国体制的另一个最大优势是问责制和失败标准。

不论是什么问题，中国都可以在几分钟或几天内锁定罪魁祸首。

每个部门都有自己的角色职责

每个部门都有自己的合格标准和绩效标准，并根据这些标准进行晋升。

Take Chinas 4.5% Growth for Q1 against the Target 3.9%.

Many Officials got rewarded, promoted

Had this been 3.2% Growth, then many officials wouldnt have got promoted for a long time

Every blunder in China has to be paid with

以中国第一季度4.5%的增长为例，当初的目标是3.9%。

许多官员得到了奖励和晋升

如果增长率只有3.2%，那么很多官员在很长一段时间内都无法得到晋升

在中国，人们要为自己犯下的每一个错误付出代价

India is the opposite

Zero Accountability, Zero failure Standards, Zero Goals for the Government and Excuses all the time

而印度正好相反

没有责任，没有失败标准，政府也没有目标，随时随地找借口

So definitely yes

India must follow the Chinese basics and they can do so even without having to be a or an Autocracy

And of course China slogged hard for 45 years

India wants to sit down and expect magic ro happen. That attitude must also change

所以当然可以

只是印度必须遵循效仿中国的基本原则，他们可以做到，不需要专制也可以

当然了，中国已经努力奋斗了45年

印度只想坐等奇迹发生的这种态度也必须改变

JWG

India has a different political system and a different culture. These differences are not transplantable. Starting from 1990 China and India had the same GDP. The graph below shows there were sufficient opportunities for India to make adjustments. There is no evidence moving forward that India wants to change. The data trend suggest the divergence can widen.

印度有着和中国不同的政治制度和文化。这些差异无法改变。1990年的时候，中国和印度的GDP还是一样的。下图显示，印度曾经有足够的机会做出调整，但没有证据表明印度想过要改变。数据趋势表明，两国的差异可能会继续扩大。

Amit Jodha

There is not need to.

Indian society is way more chaotic, free and distinct from China, so it’s a fool’s errand to follow their modal, or anyone else’s for that matter.

Every country has some unique situations, it has to make best out of the given situations, it’s necessary to take note of how every country has grown, but to copy it entirely is stupid and will be unsuccessful.

没有必要。

印度社会更混乱，更自由，与中国截然不同，所以效仿中国的模式是愚蠢的行为。

每个国家都有各自的独特之处，必须充分尊重自己的情况，我们确实要关注每个国家是如何发展的，但完全复制其他国家是愚蠢的行为，不会成功。

Let’s take a simple example, as it known, China is a manufacturing powerhouse, but the service industry is not nearly as strong as India’s. So, following the Chinese modal will essentially mean that we need to shut TCS and other service based countries down, while we need to bolster Manufacturing by imparting basic training to the untapped labor market potential of India.

But as you might have already deduced, that is a horrific idea, what about millions upon millions of Indian professionals in service sector, including me?

举个简单的例子，众所周知，中国是制造业大国，但服务业远不如印度。因此，如果印度遵循中国模式，本质上意味着我们需要关闭塔塔咨询服务公司和其他服务业，同时还要为印度尚未得到开发的劳动力市场提供基础培训来支持制造业。

但正如你可能已经推断的那样，这是一个可怕的想法，包括我在内的数百万印度服务行业的专业人士又该怎么办？

So, what we instead need to do is become the service powerhouse of the world, but at the same time work on the basics of manufacturing industry so that we can at least compete to some extent with China, or even if not compete, we can at least be self sufficient for most of our needs.

We should look forward to have out cities connected with high speed rail like China, so infrastructure should be a priority, but not the ghost towns of China. Indian government has set all cylinders ablaze to boost infrastructure in India, but at the same time, our heritage need to be respected.

因此，我们印度需要做的是成为世界服务强国，但同时努力打造制造业的基础，这样我们至少可以在一定程度上与中国展开竞争，或者就算无法和中国竞争，但我们至少还可以实现自给自足，满足印度国内的大部分需求。

我们应该期待印度的城市和中国一样，通过高铁网络相互连接，所以基础设施建设应该是优先发展事项，而我们不要效仿中国建设鬼城的做法。印度政府已经全力以赴推进印度的基础设施建设，但与此同时，我们也要尊重自己的传统。

India and China have historically been the two largest and richest civilizations, but that was never because they were trying to copy each other, but because they found the potential and power inside themselves to make best use of personalities of the people residing in those nations.

We need to get better than yesterday, and not care much about the growth and ways of China unless we can take lessons in particular topics, such as cleanliness, order and hard work.

印度和中国在历史上是两个最大、最富有的文明，但从来都不是因为他们之间互相效仿，而是因为他们发现了自己内在的潜力和力量，最大限度地挖掘了居住在这些国家的民众的能力。

我们要比历史发展得更好，我们不用太过关心中国的增长和发展方式，除非我们可以借鉴他们在某些问题上的教训，比如环境洁净、社会秩序和辛勤努力。

Venkata Krishna

My answer is a straight No. India with its myriad of castes and subcastes and outcastes and gargantuan regional differences can never follow the China model.

我的答案是否定的。印度有无数的种姓、次种姓和贱民，并存在巨大的地区差异，永远不可能效仿中国模式。

India's foundation prime minster was Pandit Nehru. He believed in gradualism, adoption of scientific method. The only way he could pull up the disadvantaged castes was through reservation. In spite of the best intentions of Nehru North India still suffers from extreme casteism. Therefore reservation for lower castes has to continue.

印度的开国总理是潘迪特·尼赫鲁。他信奉渐进主义，采用科学的方法。他唯一能拉拢弱势种姓的办法就是推行预留制。尽管尼赫鲁的本意是好的，但印度北部仍未摆脱极端的种姓制度。因此，对低种姓的预留制度还必须继续维持下去。

Subramaniam Duraisamy

Yes, its perfectly possible for India to follow Chinese model for our growth and development. The catch is it has a big cost.

What is that big cost you may ask? Its the loss of 15 million human lives.

是的，印度完全有可能效仿中国的增长和发展模式。问题在于这么做的代价很大。

你可能会问，代价很大是什么意思？意思就是夺走了1500万人的生命。

This is figures complied from Wikipedia but sourced from China’s own national statistics portal. So you cannot accuse me of using biased western sources.

这些数据来自维基百科，但源于中国自己的国家统计门户网站。所以你不要指责我使用的是不公正的西方数据来源。

In the 1960’s India was also a poor hungry country, and experienced two minor famines between 1964 and 1966. However we did not kill off our hungry poor and instead produced more food for the poor through scientific means. Ofcourse- KB Sir would call this “rabble appeasement”, but more rational people would call it human empathy.

20世纪60年代，印度也是一个贫穷的饥饿国家，在1964年至1966年期间印度经历了两次小规模的饥荒。但印度并没有杀掉饥饿的穷人，而是通过科学手段为穷人生产了更多的食物。当然- KB Sir会把这种行为称为“乌合之众的绥靖”，但理性的人会将其称为人类的同理心。

Much of China’s demographic advantages comes from the fact that the government had draconian one child policies of the 80s. Call it luck or fate, this dividend combined with Deng’s opening of markets in the 80’s helped China.

中国的人口优势主要来自于政府在80年代开始推行了严厉的独生子女政策。不管是运气还是命运，这一红利加上在80年代开放市场，对中国起到了帮助作用。

India on the other hand need not do any of the above. Our birth rates have been declining much more organically and steadily. We have now overtaken China as the most populous country and would continue to have a good growth till 2060 atleast.

但印度不需要这么做。我们的出生率一直在稳步下降。我们现在已经超过中国，成为全球人口第一大国了，至少在2060年之前，我们的人口都将继续保持良好的增长。

All this achieved without any major bloodshed or draconian reforms.

This combined with other factors would eventually help our growth organic manner. We need to bring in land, labor and retail reforms along with building our physical and social infrastructure, and its a matter of time

这一切都是在没有发生任何重大流血事件或推行严厉改革的情况下实现的。

再结合其他因素，可以有助于我们保持有机的增长。我们需要引入土地、劳动力和零售改革，同时建设我们的物质基础和社会基础结构，这就是一个时间问题。

Alfred W Croucher

Is it wise for India to copy China's SEZ led growth model?

印度复制中国经济特区主导的增长模式是明智之举吗？

India must do what is best for India. I do not envy Modiji. Creating a modern economy in India just threatens the livelihood of so many people. Perhaps creating some model 'special zones' might have a salutary effect. Of course just throwing the country open to foreign trade and FDI before achieving some degree of modern efficiency would throw millions out of work and create chaos. But the Indian tendency to employ the most labour intensive methods will be difficult to overcome unless so many modern jobs can be created to absorb them.

印度必须做对自己最有利的事情。我不羡慕莫迪。在印度打造现代经济，只会威胁到许多印度人的生计。也许创建一些模范“特区”倒是能得到有益的效果。

当然，在实现一定程度的现代效率之前，让印度开放对外贸易和外国直接投资，只会导致数百万人失业，并造成社会混乱。

但是，印度人采用劳动密集型方法的习惯很难克服，除非我们能够创造出足够多的现代工作岗位来吸收这些劳动力。