It's Happening - China Launches World's First Thorium Nuclear Reactor

中国开建全球首座钍基核电站

China just announced the construction of the Wolds First nuclear power plant fuelled by molten Thorium salt.  

中国宣布建造世界首座以熔钍盐为燃料的核电站。

中国科学院上海应用物理研究所计划新建一座10兆瓦电功率的小型模块化钍基熔盐堆项目，这将是全球首座该类型的核电站。全球首座钍熔盐堆建成，足够使用两万年。钍基熔盐堆利用钍作为燃料，具有资源丰富、成本低等优势，同时，由于其高温熔盐冷却系统，这种反应堆可以在干旱地区高效运行，且具有更高的热效率和更低的废弃物产生 目前

中国已建成2兆瓦液态燃料钍基熔盐实验堆(TMSR-LF1)，并已于2023年6月获得国家核安全局颁发的运行许可证。此外，中国计划在2025年开建10兆瓦电功率的小型模块化钍基熔盐堆，预计2029年首次临界并满功率运行，这标志着中国在第四代核反应堆研发方面走在全球前列。

以下是外国网友的评论：

Afrobelly

"secretly everything still runs on steam turbines, and we NEVER left the 1800's"  Had me dying,.  It's SO TRUE

“悄咪咪告诉你们，还在用蒸汽涡轮机，我们从来没有离开过19世纪。”

logenvestfold4143

If Norway wasn’t so busy with oil they could have found a way to harness the power of Thor

如果不是忙着开采石油，挪威本可以找到一种方法开采钍基

traildude7538

the fact that temperatures would rival those of lava made thorium seem more dangerous still,

事实上，温度将与熔岩相当，更加危险。

lynnebalzer5520

Not only is thorium 3-4 times more abundant than uranium, as you said, but over 99% of uranium, U-238 is not fissile (able to be split when hit with a neutron). In order to use it,  the mix must be enriched by removing some of the U-238 and leaving a higher percentage of U-235. This is very expensive. In contrast, thorium is 100% usable. A sample is hundreds of times less expensive than uranium. The main drawback to thorium is that a molten salt mixture is corrosive and can eat away at the container it is in.

钍的储量不仅是铀的3-4倍，而且超过99%的铀U-238是不可裂变的。

为了使用铀，混合物必须去除一些U-238和留下更高百分比的U-235来进行浓缩。这成本很昂贵。

相比之下，钍是100%可用的。比铀便宜几百倍。钍的主要缺点是熔盐混合物具有腐蚀性，会侵蚀容器。

tomshackell

This video is somewhat misleading. The Chinese TMSR-LF1 is in fact a uranium burner, not a thorium breeder reactor. The primary fissile material is standard Uranium-235, and the plant will burn essentially the same amount of U235 as any other nuclear reactor, it will also require the same amount of mined uranium as a standard reactor. The TMSR-LF1 removes some fertile U238 from the fuel and replaces it with fertile Th232 instead. However, the vast majority of the power still comes from good old fashioned fissile U235.

这有点误导人。中国的TMSR-LF1实际上是一个铀燃烧器，不是钍增殖反应堆。主要的可裂变材料是标准的铀-235，该设施燃烧的铀-235基本上和其他核反应堆一样多，它也需要和标准反应堆一样多的铀。

TMSR-LF1从燃料中去除一些可增殖的U238并用可增殖的Th232代替。然而，绝大部分的电力仍然产生自老式的可裂变铀235

marginbuu212

Thorium desalination plant.  Seawater is boiled to produce steam.  After using the steam to generate power, it gets condensed and harvested as water.  The brine gets reused as new material for the molten salt.

钍海水淡化厂。海水煮沸后产生蒸汽，使用蒸汽发电，被冷凝成为水收集。盐水被重新用作熔盐的新材料。

Username18981

Starting up a molten salt reactor isn't hard. Making a metal reactor chamber that doesn't corrode away while holding 1200°C salt allowing for a lifespan to be profitable is hard.

启动熔盐反应堆并不难。制造一种不被腐蚀的金属反应堆室，持续容纳1200°C的盐，并且能创造利润是很难的。

nicholasconder4703

Using molten salt has one further advantage. It avoids something that caused a couple of the explosions at Fukushima and may have contributed to the Chernobyl disaster. It has been shown when the zirconium cladding on the fuel rods gets exposed to air, the steam begins to react with the hot metal and the metal oxdizes, releasing hydrogen gas. It is known that at least one of the explosions at Fukushima was a hydrogen, not steam, explosion. If the system does not contain any water, this reaction cannot occur.

使用熔盐还有另一个好处，能避免使用导致福岛爆炸和切尔诺贝利灾难的材料。研究表明，当燃料棒上的锆包层暴露在空气中时，蒸汽开始与热金属反应，金属氧化，释放出氢气。众所周知，福岛至少有一次爆炸是氢气爆炸，而不是蒸汽爆炸。如果系统中没有水，这个反应就不会发生。

krakhedd

The meltdown of a molten salt reactor can be 100% walk-away-safe mitigated and is not a concern at all; the chemistry works out such that as it drains, the salt rapidly cools and stops being able to flow and mix and that stops the fission

熔盐反应堆的熔毁100%安全，根本不需要担心。化学反应是这样的，当它耗尽时，盐迅速冷却，停止流动和混合，这就停止了裂变。

EmilM-pb2hn

It is definitely a win. Anyone disagreeing with Nuclear simply does not know nuclear. It is literally that simple. Learn everything about nuclear, all it's history and it's reactor types, and you've now learned the best way forward for a world that's conquered completely clean energy forever.

这绝对是一个胜利。不同意使用核能的人根本不了解核能，就这么简单。学习核能的知识，它的历史和它的反应堆类型，清洁能源是这个世界的福音

Sugar3Glider

Meanwhile Germany just demolished their plants in favor of... Coal? What?!

与此同时，德国拆除了他们的这种发电厂，支持用煤炭？什么鬼? !

MrGottaQuestion

Too bad he didn't include Copenhagen Atomics in this video.  They are already building prototype reactors.

可惜没有提及哥本哈根原子团队。他们已经在建造反应堆原型了。

zomgneedaname

You should give props to Kirk Sorenson who literally saved the files of the ORNL MSR as it was on the way to the shredder, published it online  which was ignored by congress but picked up by chinese academics. Probably single handedly changed the course of Thorium reactors in human history.

你应该表扬柯克·索伦森，ORNL MSR文件被送去碎纸机粉碎时，他把文件保存了下来，在网上发表，被国会忽略了，但被中国学者发现了。他凭一己之力改变了钍反应堆在人类历史上的进程。

GMATveteran

One additional advantage China has in the pursuit of Thorium power is its widespread deployment of UHV power grids, which enables profitable electricity transmission across far longer distances with lower transmission loss relative to conventional power lines. This enables the PRC to place Thorium power plants in far more remote locations, & take advantage of massive amounts of under-utilized land in its interior. This provides both economic & security benefits.

中国追求钍能发电的另一个优势是特高压电网，与传统电力线相比，特高压电网可以实现长距离输电，可盈利且传输损耗更低。

中国能够将钍电厂建在更偏远的地方，内陆的土地可以利用起来。产生经济效益和安全效益。

elrictraver8275

Legit, I'm just happy someone is finally utilizing this tech we've had for 70 years.

说真的，很高兴终于有人利用我们70年前就掌握的这项技术。

barlimanbuterbur

In 2007 Turkish Prof. Dr. Engin Arık ve Prof. Dr. Şenel Boydağ and their team is died in a suspicious plance crash. The team was working on Thorium Nuclear Reactor.

2007年，土耳其教授Engin Arık博士和Engin Arık博士及其团队在一次可疑的飞机失事中丧生。这个团队当时正在研究钍核反应堆。

joostdenboer5689

There is also a very interesting company Copenhagen Atomics which want to mass manufacture thorium reactors as a service. I think Thorium is the way to go for the future. It is just taking too long to get something in production whereas we’re already researching it for more than 70 years.

还有一家非常有趣的公司，哥本哈根原子公司，想要大规模生产钍反应堆，提供服务。我认为钍是未来的发展方向。我们已经花了70多年的时间来研究它，但要把它投入生产需要很长时间。

jakeb6043

I heard about this technology probably 10 years ago, and of course it’s been around longer than that. I’m glad it is finally up and running.

我大概在10年前就听说了这项技术，当然，它存在的时间比这还要长。我很高兴终于有人开始建了。

MrCoolRibhu

Am so happy that we finally did it.

When I was in my early teens (circa 2004) my dream was to develop a thorium reactor. When time came to choose between Engineering degree, I chose computer engineering 'causs it was guaranteeing a job in India. ( to be honest I do not think I would be good enough to crack the exams in our atomic research center) I saw policies regarding Nuclear power in multiple countries and thought may be no one is going to build a thorium one in the end.

I know India has border skirmishes with China and we do not share a close ally relationship with China. I am still happy with their achievement.

I feel proud as we ( as a species) finally did it.

很高兴我们终于做到了。

十几岁的时候(大约2004年)，我的梦想是研发一个钍反应堆。当时在工程和计算机专业之间做选择，我选择了计算机工程，毕业后可以保证在印度找到一份工作。

老实说，我认为自己不一定能通过原子研究中心的考试。我看到了许多国家关于核电的政策，我想可能最终没有人能建造一个钍反应堆。

我知道印度和中国存在边境冲突，我们和中国的关系不友好。不过，我仍然为他们的成就感到高兴。

我为我们人类最终做到了这些而感到自豪。

icaleinns6233

As you pointed out, the US had thorium reactors running since the 1950's.

美国从1950年代就开始运行钍反应堆了。

ChristofVorhauer

"The worlds first thorium reactor" is a bit misleading. Germany had a  thorium high temperature reactor already over 50 years ago, the THTR-300 in Hamm in North Rhine Westfalia.

“全球首座钍反应堆”有点误导人。德国在50多年前就已经有一个钍高温反应堆，位于北莱茵-威斯特法利亚州哈姆的THTR-300。

peterjohn3634

The irony is currently thorium is viewed by mining companies as a waste product we are already mining it concentrating and then returning it to the ground. Technically it is free at this point in time.

Hopefully we have the debate that needs to be had take climate change seriously and embrace this type of technology for the sake of civilization.

具有讽刺意味的是，目前钍被矿业公司视为一种废物。我们开采、浓缩，然后将其送回地面。从技术上讲，目前它是免费的。希望我们办一场应对气候变化的辩论，为了人类文明而拥抱这种技术。

dennisfitzgerald8489

The Brayton cycle, operating with helium gas can operate at 60% thermal efficiency as opposed to the traditional Rankine (steam) cycle, with a thermal efficiency of about 40% ! The heat exchanger can be cooled with helium directly without becoming radioactive.

使用氦气的布雷登循环可以以60%的热效率运行，而传统的兰金(蒸汽)循环的热效率约为40% ！热交换器可以直接用氦冷却，不会产生放射性。

Browanton97

There was a group of Turkish nuclear scientists, that were strongly advocating for Thorium reactors. Their plane crashed under suspicious circumstances while going to a conference.

有一组土耳其核科学家，强烈支持钍反应堆。他们搭乘飞机去参加会议的途中发生了事故，很可疑。