Did Russia “betray” India by selling BrahMos technology to China to develop CX-1?
俄罗斯向中国出售布拉莫斯技术来开发CX-1，是“背叛”了印度吗?
印度时报读者评论：
来源：三泰虎 https://www.santaihu.com/45844.html 译者：Joyceliu
外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Did-Russia-%E2%80%9Cbetray%E2%80%9D-India-by-selling-BrahMos-technology-to-China-to-develop-CX-1
Anonymous
Judging by the photos, yes, the missiles look similar. It was also said that the missiles have a similar maxmum speed and flying range, but both these characteristics can be due to the Missile Technology Control Regime, because in absence of such "guidelines", every nation would want to increase the range and speed of her missiles. In short, these characteristics should not be used to make a judgment about the missiles.
从照片上看，是的，导弹看起来很像。也有人说导弹有相似的最高速度和飞行距离，但这两个特点都可能是由于飞弹技术管制协定，因为如果没有这样的“指导方针”，每个国家都会想要增加导弹的射程和速度。简而言之，这些特征不应该用来判断导弹。
Similar thoughts were also expressed by A Sivathanu Pillai, who is founder-CEO and Managing Director of the BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited.
布拉莫斯航空航天私人有限公司的创始人兼CEO兼总经理斯瓦塔努皮莱也表达了类似的想法。
He also added that both the missiles have different engines, different propulsion systems and Brahmos has higher range at lower altitude, but lower speed at higher altitudes.
他还说，这两种导弹都有不同的发动机、不同的推进系统，布拉莫斯导弹在较低的高度可以达到更高的射程，但在较高的高度时速度较慢。
One way I see it is that it can be just a mind game by Chinese who might try to create distrust within Indo-Russian relations (by making both parties point fingers at each other) or show their skills in cyber espionage. We'll never know for sure.
在我看来，这可能只是中国人的一种心理游戏，他们可能试图在印俄关系中制造不信任(让双方相互指责)，或者展示自己的网络间谍技能。我们永远无法确定。
It can also be argued that China attempted to make a copy of Brahmos for export markets. But then, it is always easy to measure everything accurately with a scale and copy-paste. It is difficult to replicate what's inside.
我们也可以认为，中国试图为了军火出口复制布拉莫斯导弹。但是，用天平精确测量每样东西、复制粘贴总是很容易。但内在的东西很难复制。
In fact, in a similar way there are many copies of the iPhone released, including those with an apple logo on its frame. They even have a copy of Steve Jobs for God's sake.
事实上，iPhone也出现了很多山寨版本，有些在外壳上印有苹果标志的版本。看在上帝的份上，他们甚至还有史蒂夫·乔布斯的复制品。
Gurjap Singh, I'm a Mechanical Engineer.
I think this bromance between India and Russia has gone on for long enough. Russia isn't the USSR. They don't make decisions based purely on cultural and ideological sentiments any more. If they are actually exporting the BrahMos tech to China, nobody can say they are "betraying" India. They are merely trying to earn some money. If India can stop them, they should have a try.
我认为印度和俄罗斯之间的这种手足关系已经持续了很长时间。俄罗斯不是苏联。他们不再纯粹根据文化和意识形态的情感来做决定。如果他们实际上是在向中国出口布拉莫斯技术，没人能说他们在“背叛”印度。他们只是想挣些钱。如果印度能阻止他们，他们应该试一试。
It's been obvious for a long time that India-Russia relations aren't what they used to be. This isn't the first instance of Russia acting against Indian interests. They previously sold Mi attack helicopters to Pakistan, and royally shafted India in Admiral Gorshkov deal. India should reevaluate their partnership with this country.
很长一段时间以来，印俄关系明显不同于过去。这并不是俄罗斯第一次违反印度利益。他们之前曾向巴基斯坦出售Mi武装直升机，并在戈尔什科夫海军上将的交易中对印度进行了猛烈攻击。印度应该重新评估与这个国家的伙伴关系。
Neeraj U, Defence enthusiast
First there is nothing called “betray” in international realtions every country acts for its own benefit , did India betray Russia when it bought Rafael from France , no the defence strategists felt that it was a better option.
首先，在国际事务中没有所谓的“背叛”，每个国家都是为了自己的利益行事，印度从法国购买拉斐尔时背叛了俄罗斯吗?
India is just one of the buyers that Russia exports to, even though India has a friendship with Russia it can effect Russian policy making to some extent .
印度只是俄罗斯出口商品的买家之一，尽管印度与俄罗斯有友好关系，但在一定程度上也会影响俄罗斯的政策制定。
Now the other part of the question is CX-1 developed from the technology derived frim Brahmos this question does not have a definite answer, the director of BrahMos Aerospace said that CX-1 is similar identically with front nossile but the similarities end right there.Some sources say that SS-N-22 Sunburn whereas as the BrahMos is derived P 800 Oniks .
现在问题的另一部分是CX-1是由frim Brahmos技术衍生出来的，这个问题没有明确的答案，布拉莫斯航空航天公司的主管说CX-1很相似，但相似之处就在这里。
But the possibilities of it being true cannot be ruled out firstly because China is infamous for reverse engneering technologies of other countries especially from Russia and US .Also the new Barak-8 missile which is a jointly developed by India and Israel is SAM which is used to defend against other missiles and some sources say that it coukd defend against cruise missiles specifically like the BrahMos, media sources say that it was developed it prevent from threats like the CX-1as it was reverse engneering from cruise missile technology developed by the Russians specifically the BrahMos. So we cannot even be sure that CX -1 has the same technology as the BrahMos.
但这是真的有可能，不能排除，首先因为中国对其他国家的反向工程技术臭名昭著，特别是对来自于俄罗斯和美国的武器。新Barak-8导弹是由印度和以色列联合开发的，可用于抵御其他导弹，有消息说；这种导弹可以抵御巡航导弹，特别是像布拉莫斯这样的导弹，据媒体报道，这种导弹的研发是为了防止类似cx -1这样的威胁，因为它是对俄罗斯开发的巡航导弹技术，特别是布拉莫斯导弹进行的反向工程。因此我们无法确定CX -1是否拥有与布拉莫斯相同的技术。
hope this helps
希望这个回答对你有帮助
Jason Bourne
The straight answer is NO !
答案是否定的!
Exports of BrahMos to third countries was part of the founding agreement of the India-Russia joint venture. New Delhi was first to step up efforts for selling this advanced lethal cruise missile system to Vietnam and also 15 more possible markets in sight. Many other countries like Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia are also in the race of having Bhramos by their side, so what is common amongst all of them ?
向第三国出口布拉莫斯导弹是印俄合资企业创始协议的一部分。印度政府首先加大了向越南出售这种先进的致命巡航导弹系统的努力，同时还有另外15个可能购买的市场。许多其他国家，如菲律宾、马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚等，也在竞相采购布拉莫斯傍身，那么这些国家的共同点是什么呢?
You see most of the countries willing to acquire Bhramos are having a dispute with
China over the South China sea and New Delhi had even planned to sell a frigate integrated with Bhramos which can prove a very decisive deterrence factor in the SCS and create trouble for the Chinese.
你看到的大多数愿意采购布拉莫斯的国家都正在与中国的南海起争端，新德里还计划出售搭载布拉莫斯的护卫舰，这可能在南海地区非常具有震慑力，可以为中国创造麻烦。
So now another scenario enters which has your question. Moscow selling Bhramos tech to the Beiing to develop Chaoxun-1 (CX-1). I see no betrayal in this move of the Russian federation because you see China is an important partner of the Russians because both are anti US and with United States as an active participant in posing obstruction for the Chinese dominance over the SCS, this move is very well planned.
现在又出现了另一种情况，也就是你提出的问题。莫斯科将布拉莫斯技术卖给北京开发Chaoxun-1 (CX-1)。我认为俄罗斯联邦此举并没有背叛之意，因为中国是俄罗斯一个重要的合作伙伴，两国都是反抗美国的，而美国一直处心积虑地在南海地区对中国的统治制造障碍，此举是精心策划的。
Although the Indian officials and the authorities in the Bhramos aerospace have denied of any similarity between the two, still we cannot deny because Chinese can copy anything and it needs no explanation.
尽管印度官员和布拉莫斯航天公司否认两者之间有任何相似之处，但我们仍然不能否认，因为中国人可以山寨一切，不需要解释。
With almost the same operational range and speed and other distinctive features Chaoxun-1 can be called a copy of Bhramos and it is also for purely export purpose which is why its range has been kept short of the MTCR's permitted 300kms.
拥有几乎相同的射程范围、速度和其他独特的特性，Chaoxun-1可以被称为布拉莫斯的一个复刻版，纯粹为了出口，这就是为什么它的射程一直低于MTCR允许的300公里。
Chaoxun-1 is also similar to other anti ship missiles like the SS-N-22 Sunburn which the Russians have long been supplying to the Chinese. So we cannot really say that Chaoxun-1 is purely Bhramos technology copy. There are certain variations and these variations are decisive in making Bhramos superior.
Chaoxun-1也类似于其他反舰导弹，比如SS-N-22导弹，俄罗斯长期以来一直向中国供应这种导弹。所以我们不能说Chaoxun-1是纯粹拷贝布拉莫斯的技术。Chaoxun-1做了一些改变，这些不同之处正是决定布拉莫斯优越的决定性因素。
So I don't see anything wrong even if the russians did feed Beiing with the Bhramos technology because they are playing indirect role in countering the United states and the US backed states in the SCS.
因此，即使俄罗斯向北京提供了布拉莫斯技术，我也不认为有什么问题，因为他们在南海对美国和美国支持的国家起到了迂回的作用。
In short there is no betrayal kind of thing, before setting up this joint venture both the countries were well aware of the fact that they are free to sell Bhramos to anyone.
简而言之，在建立合资企业之前，两国都很清楚，他们可以自由地向任何人出售布拉莫斯。
Note- SCS - South China sea.
注-SCS也就是南海。
Bharath Bhat, Servant at Global Populace (1987-present)
CX-1 Missile Systems - Wikipedia
Quoting the above link, it seems the Chinese ‘party’ has done it again. They have successfully reverse engineered yet again. Metallurgically identical parts could be the only indication of leak of military secret from some source.
根据上面的链接，中国“政党”似乎又这么干了。他们又一次成功地进行了反向工程。冶金上完全相同的部件可能是通过某些来源泄露军事机密的唯一迹象。
Military technology is hidden because there is no legal restriction on copying or grafting technology from any source.
军事技术是隐藏的，因为没有法律限制从任何来源复制或嫁接技术。
Hope this answers your question.
希望这能回答你的问题。
Ashish Surana, studied at Delhi Public School, Newtown
No.
不。
Russia has been a seller to China as well as India.
中国和印度一直都是俄罗斯的买家。
If this is betrayal then, India buying defense weapons from other countries (West) is also betrayal.
如果这是背叛，那么印度从其他国家(西方)购买国防武器也是背叛。
The Russians are just trying to sell to China, this is no betrayal.
俄罗斯人只是想卖给中国，算不上背叛。
Dushyant Singh Rahine
I would not say that Russia betrayed India simply because it has not been established that CX-1 is based on BrahMos technology. However, CX-1 has similarities in terms of range and speed but the two have different propulsion systems. It is to be kept in mind that different propulsion systems mean different tech behind a missile.
我不会仅仅因为CX-1基于布拉莫斯技术而说俄罗斯背叛了印度。然而，CX-1在距离和速度上有相似之处，不过两者有不同的推进系统。要记住，不同的推进系统意味着导弹背后的技术不同。
Darshan Singh, former Principal Commissioner of Income Tax.IRS.
There appears no such prohibition for the Russia.Indian govt had installed brahmos on the right place as per requirement.
俄罗斯似乎没有这样的禁令。印度政府按照要求在正确的地方安装了布拉莫斯导弹。
What China does is not known to the world but Mars mission had taken 195 days to reach within gravitation of the Mars
中国所做的并不为世界所知，但他们的火星任务花了195天到达了火星引力范围内
Manjula Saxena, former Self Sufficient
Not at all. Russia and china are free to take their decisions , India is capable and self sufficient
不是。俄罗斯和中国可以自由地做出决定，印度有能力、可以自给自足
Akshay, Published writer, engineer , psycologist
Yehhh
China is now in russias tent
So india can not keep trust on russians
中国现在跟俄罗斯是一个阵营的
所以印度不能对俄罗斯盲目信任
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