为什么人们总是把印度和中国拿来作比较？

Why do people compare India and China?

为什么人们总是把印度和中国拿来作比较？

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来源：三泰虎 https://www.santaihu.com/45952.html 译者：Joyceliu

外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Why-do-people-compare-India-and-China

Balaji Viswanathan, Knowledge lover.

Here are the world's top 10 economies by GDP. In parenthesis I have included their per capita Income (average income of a person or GDP - PPP in that country)

以下是全球GDP排名前十的经济体。我列出了他们的人均收入(人均收入或人均GDP -该国的购买力平价)

1.US: $48112

2.China: $8400

3.Japan: $33668

4.Germany: $39456

5.France: $35247

6.Brazil: $11,860

7.UK: $35598

8.Italy. $32672

9.India: $3650

10.Russia: $21921

1。美国:48112美元

2。中国:8400美元

3。日本:33668美元

4。德国:39456美元

5。法国:35247美元

6。巴西:11860美元

7。英国:35598美元

8。意大利:32672美元

9。印度:3650美元

10。俄罗斯:21921美元

This above list has world's biggest economies, biggest armies, nuclear powered countries and permanent members of UN Security Council's and thus a pretty important list. Now, you can see that we can put these top 10 economies in 3 buckets:

上述名单包括世界上最大的经济体、最大的军队、核大国和联合国安理会常任理事国，因此是一个相当重要的名单。现在，你可以看到我们可以把这十大经济体分成三个部分:

1.High income: US, UK, Germany, Japan, France, Italy. Over $30K

2.Middle income: Brazil, Russia - $10-$20K

3.Low Income: China, India. Less than $10K

1。高收入国家:美国、英国、德国、日本、法国、意大利。超过3万美元

2。中等收入:巴西、俄罗斯，1-2万美元

3。低收入:中国、印度。不到1万美元

The difference between India and China in per capita incomes is way less than the difference between China and Germany. Thus, grou India & China into group 1, US, Europe & Japan as group 2 is a quick and handy mechanism for investors and marketers.

印度和中国的人均收入差距远小于中国和德国的差距。因此，将印度和中国分为第一组、美国、欧洲和日本作为第二组，对于投资者和营销人员来说是一种快速而便捷的机制。

India and China are 2 incredibly poor countries (in terms of percapita incomes) that appear in the top rankings primarily by housing billion+ people.

印度和中国是两个难以置信的贫穷国家(按人均收入计算)，主要是因为人口超过10亿而在排行榜上名列前茅。

And a lot of times, you group the bottom 4 in the list together and give a fancy acronym called BRIC. Essentially it is a shorthand for large economies with large number of people who are not rich enough.

很多时候，你把列表中最下面的4个国家在一起，然后给出一个有趣的首字母缩略词叫BRIC（金砖四国）。从本质上说，这是对拥有大量不富裕人口的大型经济体的简称。

Apart from this bucket, there are a number of reasons to compare India and China as a block:

除了这个之外，有很多理由将印度和中国作为一个整体来比较:

1.Massive populations that dwarf all the other continents.

2.Both nations have a long and unbroken history that stretches to 3000 BC. Their ancient contemporaries - Egypt, Mesopotamia and later Greece were not so lucky in this aspect.

3.Both nations with 100s of millions of poor who are rapidly climbing the value chain.

4.Both nations with hugely protected and closed economies that are slowly opening up to Western Corporations.

5.Both nations (along with Russia/Brazil) took up the path of socialism/co sm, while the Western Hemisphere went on a different path.

6.Both nations are completely unconventional in their approach to growth. China grew to become a major economy without bothering about de ocracy or rights. India is growing to become a major economy by directly jum to services, instead of manufacturing.

1。庞大的人口使其他大陆相形见绌。

2。这两个国家有着悠久而完整的历史，可以追溯到公元前3000年。他们的古代同代人——埃及、美索不达米亚和后来的希腊在这方面就没那么幸运了。

3。这两个国家都拥有数以百万计的贫困人口，他们正在价值链上迅速攀升。

4。这两个国家的经济都受到了巨大的保护和封闭，它们正慢慢向西方企业开放。

5。这两个国家(连同俄罗斯/巴西)都走上了社会主义/*主义的道路，而西半球则走上了不同的道路。

6。这两个国家的经济增长方式都完全不同寻常。中国发展成为一个主要经济体，没有为民*或权利操心。印度通过直接转向服务业而非制造业，正在成长为一个主要经济体。

Sabeshan Iyer, I know about the place as it's within every cell of mine!

A lot of the comparison is aspirational in nature. The same can be said of Chinese who compare their country with the US. Granted the size of the Chinese economy is comparable to the US purely by looking at GDP numbers, but on most other metrics (including the ones you list) China is far behind the US. From that point of view, it seems pretty logical to me why Indians like to compare with China.

很多比较本质上都是一种渴望。把自己的国家与美国进行比较的中国人也是如此。仅从GDP数据来看，中国经济规模与美国相当，但在大多数其他指标(包括你列出的指标)上，中国远远落后于美国。从这个角度来看，我认为印度人喜欢和中国比较是很合理的。

The other reason is that, China and India have been the richest nations on the planet for most of their history with each regularly swap positions 1 and 2 over the centuries until the 1700s. Given that fact, Indians perhaps consider China their national peer who just happens to have made a giant leap while their country was slow in modernization over the last few decades. Looking at how much China has improved within just the last 50 years, it isn't a hopeless comparison for India. It might take India longer than what it took China to get where it is today, but the combination of the following factors could bring about a tie within our lifetimes:

另一个原因是，中国和印度在其历史上的大部分时间里都是地球上最富有的国家，在18世纪之前的几个世纪里，两国定期轮流占据第一名和第二名的位置。考虑到这一事实，印度人可能会认为中国是他们的民族伙伴，在过去几十年里，他们的国家在现代化进程缓慢的时候，刚好取得了巨大的飞跃。看看中国在过去50年里取得了多大的进步，对印度来说，这并不是没有希望的比较。印度可能比中国需要更长的时间才能达到今天的水平，但以下几个因素组合在一起，可能会在我们有生之年内让两国打成平局:

China’s growth plateauing after a couple of decades due to limits of gains from manufacturing efficiencies, rising wages reducing the competitiveness of Chinese labor market from a global perspective, higher investments needed for growing in services sector which is not as much of a low-hanging fruit as manufacturing.

中国的经济增长因为制造业效率有限，在经历一二十年后进入停滞不前的状态，从全球的角度来看不断上涨的工资减少了中国劳动力市场的竞争力，服务业的发展需要更高的投资，并不像制造业那么唾手可得。

China’s increasing ageing population at the same time India’s youth rising in numbers. Basically, the so-called demographic dividend which India stands to reap in a couple of decades.

与中国日益增长的人口老龄化同时出现的是印度青年人数的上升。基本上，印度将在几十年内收获所谓的人口红利。

Unless a war screws up India’s chances or Indian bureaucracy stoops to more arcane standards (highly unlikely given we hit rock bottom already and the only way to go is up), India stands a solid chance of catching up with China.

除非一场战争搞砸印度的机会，或者印度官僚机构更加堕落(考虑到我们已经跌到谷底，唯一的出路就是往上走)，否则印度追赶中国的机会还是很大的。