Why did India buy 3 aircraft carriers but China didn't buy any?
为什么印度购买了3艘航母，而中国没有购买?
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来源：三泰虎 https://www.santaihu.com/45987.html 译者：Joyceliu
外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Why-did-India-buy-3-aircraft-carriers-but-China-didnt-buy-any
Shavan Bhattacharjee, A practical Indian
The purpose of having an aircraft carrier is for two reasons
拥有航空母舰的目的有两个原因
1.Power projection
2.Alternate arm of attack
1、展示实力
2、攻击武器的替代品
China for a long time until the 1980's or even till mid-1990's focused on building their own country rather than focusing on projecting their power overseas. Now since the last decade as they have grown economically and is now a dominant force in world economics, they have developed an expansionist ambition (Not to be confused with invasion) which is evident from the man made islands being constructed by them and their love-hate relationship with Japan, Vietnam, Philippines and their claims of the South China Sea. To keep controls over these aspects of foreign policy, they need to project force and hence usage of aircraft carriers are essentials. Also, they do recognize the threat of the American fleets operating closeby. Such assets can pose a direct challenge to the Americans. The Chinese ambition is only set to grow.
中国在很长一段时间里，直到20世纪80年代甚至90年代中期，都专注于建设自己的国家，而不是把精力集中在海外。现在过去十年以来他们已经在经济上成为世界经济的主导力量,他们已经展现出一种扩张野心(不要跟入侵混淆)，他们建造的人工岛屿就是证据，他们与日本、越南、菲律宾存在爱恨交加的关系，中国还宣称对南海拥有主权。为了保持外交政策对这些方面的控制，他们需要展现武力，因此航空母舰的使用是必要的。同时，他们也意识到了美国舰队在附近作战的威胁。这类武器可能对美国构成直接挑战。中国的野心只会越来越大。
On the other hand, when India was divided we had hostilities only with Pakistan which flanked us on both sides - East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan. Due to the hostilities and the wars which we had fought with them, it was essential for India to have a safe sea route to ensure that Indian interests were not affected by the Pakistani navy in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea. Hence, India acquired its first aircraft carrier which proved its worth in the 1971 India-Pakistan war.
另一方面，当印度分裂时，我们只与巴基斯坦敌对，巴基斯坦位于我们两侧——东巴基斯坦(现在是孟加拉国)和西巴基斯坦。印度必须有一条安全的海上路线，以确保印度的利益不受巴基斯坦海军在孟加拉湾或阿拉伯海的影响。因此，印度获得了第一艘航空母舰，在1971年印巴战争中证明了其价值。
At a later stage, India acquired the 2nd aircraft carrier due to the growing American interests and presence in the region which was not in India's interests. This acquisition was more to project a deterence rather than fight a war. In addition to this India also needed a 2nd carrier since India is flanked by 2 large sea fronts on either side.
后来，由于美国在该地区的利益和存在越来越多，印度获得了第二艘航空母舰，而这并不符合印度的利益。这次收购更多的是为了表明决心，而不是开战。除此之外，印度也确实需要第二艘航母，因为印度两侧都有两条大的海上战线。
The third one was acquired from Russia as we had to retire one of our aging aircraft carriers and India always needs two operating aircraft carriers for both of the sea sides. We are currently builting India's 4th aircraft carrier and should be commissioned in the next 2-3 years.
第三艘航母是从俄罗斯购买的，因为我们的一艘老化的航空母舰要退役，而印度在这两个海域都需要两艘可以操作的航空母舰。我们目前正在建造印度的第四艘航空母舰，应该可以在未来2-3年内投入使用。
A 5th carrier will be rolled out for contruction in one of the ship yards in India in 2017 and the focus mainly will be to track the Indian Ocean region. So we will have 3 carriers in each of the sea boards.
2017年，印度第5艘航母将在其中一处造船厂进行建造，重点将放在印度洋地区。所以我们在每个海岸都有3艘航母。
Rahul Funde, studied at Thakur College of Engineering and Technology
Because for India aircraft carriers are sign of power and for China Aircraft carrier is sitting duck.
因为对印度来说，航空母舰是实力的象征，而对中国来说，航空母舰是极易被攻击的武器。
Let's not go long back in history, A simple answer Here is how.
让我们回到近代历史，看看简单的答案。
After independence India asked lord Mountbatten to be first Governor General of India. He was the same person who went on to became the first sea lord of UK. and that guy was genius. He helped India to make. He knew that somewhere in the future this country will to carry Indian ocean on it's back. And he was right.
独立后，印度要求蒙巴顿勋爵成为印度第一任总督。他就是后来成为英国第一任海神的那个人。那家伙是个天才。他帮助印度制造航母。他知道，在未来的某个时候，这个国家会把印度洋夺回来。他是对的。
Today India has to keep Pakistan at corner, Iran and other gulf state at peace and the same fight Somalian pirates and carry out evacuation operations like we carried out Yemen crisis. And also India might have to visit Indonesia/ Australia/ other South China sea nations and other states for goodwill visit.
今天，印度必须让巴基斯坦处于困境，让伊朗和其他海湾国家保持和平，同时打击索马里海盗，并像我们在也门危机时做的那样展开撤离行动。此外，印度可能需要对印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、其他南海国家和其他国家进行友好访问。
And for this kind of purposes submarines are useless. You need a surface fleet to show power and dominance.
对于这种目的，潜艇无能为力。你需要一个水面舰队来展示实力和优势。
Where as for China it took them decades to appoint first naval chief. They had to keep those small nations in South China Sea at check, and the same time make sure Russian Navy stays away from eastern Chinese coast.
至于中国，他们花了几十年才任命了第一任海军司令。他们必须控制南海上的小国，同时确保俄罗斯海军远离中国东海岸。
And now they have to make sure that 7th fleet doesn't trouble them( they can't make 11 aircraft carriers) and the same make sure that Indian aircraft carrier don't make a goodwill visit to their shores. (Obviously India is not making 3 aircraft carrier only for Indian Ocean). So they don't need more carriers but a powerful fleet of subs, warships, frigates, destroyers that can be equipped with carrier killer (Real. Not the Df21).
现在他们必须确保第七舰队不会找他们麻烦(他们不能制造11艘航空母舰)，同时确保印度航空母舰不会对他们的海岸进行友好访问。(很明显，印度并不是只为印度洋造3艘航空母舰)。所以他们不需要更多的航母，而需要一支强大的潜艇舰队，军舰，护卫舰，驱逐舰，来装备航母杀手。真的，东风21还不够。
And they already have all of it.
他们已经拥有了一切。
In short when it comes to navy, India is USA and China is Soviet Union. Both had a different class but both are world class.
简言之，说到海军，印度是美国，中国是苏联。他们都有不同的等级，但都是世界级的。
Gabriel Chan, Overseas Chinese（華僑）
China and India has different needs for a naval force and pursue different paths.
中国和印度对海军的需求不同，走的道路也不尽相同。
China is more interested in building a deterrence force and since their most power adversary is on paper the United States and Japan who are overwhelmingly powerful in surface fleet and naval air arms, China has chosen asymmetrical response by investing in submarines. And Chinese submarines have proven to be very effective, surfacing in the middle of a US carrier group on at least two publicly known occasions. Chinese stealthy submarines are an excellent deterrent since they are nowhere, and everywhere.
中国更感兴趣的是建立威慑力量，因为他们最强大的对手是名义上的美国和日本，这两个国家在水面舰队和海军空中武器方面拥有压倒性的实力，因此中国通过投资潜艇做出了不对称的回应。事实证明，中国的潜艇非常有效，至少有两次在公开场合出现在美国航母群的中间。中国隐形潜艇是一种极好的威慑力量，因为它们神出鬼没，无处不在。
China has an aircraft carrier now, and is taking baby steps to figuring out how it works. The Chinese carrier Liaoning is most valuable as a floating university (for learning naval aviation) rather than a floating military airfield.
中国现在有了一艘航空母舰，并且正在逐步搞清楚它是如何运作的。中国辽宁号航母最有价值的地方是作为一所浮动大学(用于学习海军航空)，而不是一个浮动军用机场。
Carriers also provide India with an additional vector of attack if it ever needs to fight Pakistan again.
如果印度需要再次与巴基斯坦作战，航空母舰也会为印度提供额外的攻击载体。
As to difficulty of buying carriers: one does not simply buy one. India basically is everyone's friend and markets itself at best as a victim of aggression and at worse a harmless regional power. China is a red flag (literally): it avoids political alliances (ie isolated) and is the West's number one enemy since the fall of the Soviet Union
至于购买航母的困难:一个国家不能简单地购买航母。印度基本上是所有国家的朋友，最好的情况是把自己当作侵略的受害者，更糟糕的是，它是一个无害的地区大国。中国是一面红旗(字面意思):它避免政治联盟(孤立)，是自苏联解体以来西方的头号敌人
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