Jakub Handlíř, lives in Prague

Because GPD per capita does not matter

China has a population of 1,3 billion. Out of these around 10% of people live on a standard of the Western world. But the 90% are very poor. If you would count only the 10% their GDP per capita would be the same as e.g. in Germany, France or USA.

But as I have said GDP per capita does not matter in construction and infrastructure. Especially if China has things that those two sectors need:

因为人均GPD并不重要

中国有13亿人口。其中大约10%的人生活在西方世界的标准之上。如果你只计算10%人口的人均GDP，那么和德国、法国或美国不相上下。

但正如我所说，人均GDP在建设和基础设施方面并不重要。特别是如果中国拥有以下东西:

• know-how
• large amounts of money
• large amounts of cheap workforce
• large amounts of construction materials
• political priority on building infrastructure
• economical pressures that require building new infrastructure

As long as China has these things it can - and even must - build as many high quality highways, railways and skyscrapers as it wants/needs.

• 技术
• 大量的资本
• 大量的廉价劳动力
• 大量的建筑材料
• 基础设施建设的优先权
• 新建基础设施的经济压力

只要中国有这些东西，它就能——甚至必须——尽可能多的建造高质量的公路、铁路和摩天大楼。

Another factor is the localization of these construction projects. While I admit I never was in China I imagine that most of them are located on the east coast and especially in large population and economical centres. But I can very well imagine that many Chinese villages on the countryside don’t have even proper access roads.

另一个因素是这些建设工程的选址。虽然我承认我从未到过中国，但我可以想象，它们大多位于东部沿海地区，尤其是在人口众多的经济中心地区。但我可以想象得出，中国很多农村的村子里甚至没有像样的道路。

Alisha Yadav

China GDP

We actually need to worry about the recent fall in GDP growth

Source: Trading Economics

One of the points of celebrations in India in the last couple of years has been that India is growing faster than China. With China just growing at 6.5% in Q3, India’s GDP growth is likely to beat that by a comfortable margin. Is that reason to celebrate? Not exactly!

中国的国内生产总值

实际上我们需要担心最近GDP增长的下降

来源:贸易经济

过去几年，印度举国庆祝的事就是，印度的经济增长速度超过了中国。由于中国第三季度的经济增长率仅为6.5%，印度的GDP增速可能会轻松超过中国。这是庆祝的理由吗?不完全是!

Growth worries globally

With an annual GDP of close to $13 trillion, China is the second largest economy in size and the largest in terms of demand. It has an insatiable appetite for everything from metals, alloys, minerals, agri products, fashion items, cars and aircraft. Even a 50 basis points slowdown in China will have a major impact on the demand of all these products. We have seen JLR shutting its European plant for 2 weeks to offset the fall in demand from China. This applies to almost every single product today. That demand shrinkage in China will have a contagion impact on India too.

对经济增长的全球担忧

中国每年国内生产总值接近13万亿美元，是世界第二大经济体，也是世界第一大需求国。从金属、合金、矿产、农产品、时装、汽车到飞机，中国对一切都有着难以满足的需求。即使中国经济放缓50个基点，也将对所有这些产品的需求产生重大影响。我们看到捷豹路虎将欧洲工厂关闭了两周，以应对中国需求的下降。这几乎适用于今天的每一种商品。中国需求的萎缩也将对印度产生蔓延效应。

Edward Bashaw, A naval officer with 29yrs service, been there, done that, can't say, never was

It has mostly been overlooked by most of the authors here who extol the virtues of hard work and sacrifice by the Chinese population, which has some basis in fact but is over done a bit.

What needs to be brought out is that China today (or even in the 80s) exsts in a developed world. They do not have to deal with maintaining a legacy infrastructure. They can look across the world and choose to build roads like Germany, trains like Japan, and buildings like Paris or London. They do not have to evolve thru trial and error but take mature technologies and bring them to China. The bullet trains in Japan evolved over time, they did not just appear. China, on the other hand, can buy complete trainsets from Japanese manufacturers, license the technology and seemingly shortcut the development process. They have gone from steam engines to bullet trains in less than a generation which is unheard of-if you have to be the first to develop it. This is nothing uniquely Chinese, it has been happening all over the world.

大多数回帖人都忽略了一点，他们赞美中国人民努力工作和牺牲的美德，确实有一定道理，但有点过头了。

需要指出的是，今天的中国(甚至是在80年代)存在于发达的世界。它们不必对遗留的基础设施进行维护。他们可以放眼世界，选择修建像德国那样的公路，像日本那样的火车，像巴黎或伦敦那样的建筑。他们不需要通过反复试验来实现发展，只要把成熟的技术引入中国就行。随着时间的推移，日本的子弹头列车也在一步步完善，并不是新鲜事物。另一方面，中国可以从日本制造商那里购买成套列车，获得技术许可，缩短研发过程。他们在不到一代人的时间里从蒸汽列车跃进到了高铁，这是闻所未闻的——如果你必从零开始研发的话。这并非中国独有的，它已经在世界各地出现了。

Also the “vastly superior” infrastructure is unevenly distributed. Travel just about 50kms out of Shanghai or any other major city and you will see the infrastructure drop off precipitously. The real question is can they continue to roll this out across the country or is it going to be limited to city dwellers?

此外，“非常优越”的基础设施分布并不均衡。从上海或其他大城市出发，只要走50公里左右，你就会看到基础设施水平剧烈下降。真正的问题是，他们能否继续在全国范围内推广，还是仅仅局限于城市居民之中?

Randall Burns, BA Economics, University of Chicago (1981)

in looking at China’s GDP figures to you need to look at PPP not nominal GDP. China also never had the same kind of human capital problems many third would countries have. Their population was alway pretty literate and highly intelligent. You have third world countries with massive cognitive deficits in their population due to treatable issues like lack of iron and iodine in their food supply-which was not as much an issue in China.

150 years ago, China was one of the world’s largest economies. China had a series of Wars/revolutions that disrupted it. Reviving an economy is easier than making it from scratch

在看中国的GDP数据时，你需要看购买力平价，而不是名义GDP。中国的人力资本问题也从未像许多第三世界国家那样严重。中国人总是很有文化，很聪明。第三世界国家的人口有巨大的认知缺陷，这是由于他们的食物供应缺乏铁和碘等可治疗的问题，而这在中国不是什么大问题。

150年前，中国曾是世界上最大的经济体之一。中国经历了一连串的战争。重振经济要比从零开始容易得多。

Daniel Cohort, Big Data Director in China

• The Chinese has a firm belief that investment in infrastructures has the highest ROI when it comes to GDP growth. Since GDP growth is the major evaluation metric for government officials’ performance, everybody spends their money building roads, ports and railways.
• China is the world factory. Good logistics is a natural outcome of the sophisticated supply chain systems in China.
• China is a newcomer in the global economic race. America built most of her infrastructures more than half a century ago while China only started massive investment in infrastructures in 1980’s. Most roads and city infrastructures are fresh new in China compared with developed world.
• 中国人坚信基础设施投资在GDP增长方面能带来最高的投资回报率。由于国内生产总值增长是衡量政绩的主要指标，所以每个人都把钱花在修建公路、港口和铁路上。
• 中国是世界工厂。良好的物流是中国复杂的供应链系统的自然产物。
• 中国是全球经济竞争中的一个新成员。美国在半个多世纪前建造了大部分基础设施，而中国在20世纪80年代才开始对基础设施进行大规模投资。与发达国家相比，中国的大部分道路和城市基础设施都是全新的。

Sashank Reddy, works at Neato Robotics

The low wages are a great help. Also the low commodity prices help with cheaper construction. The only thing china needs to import is oil.

Couple that with a few 100 million low paid workers, they can beat the hell put of anyone. If they paid american wages, they would run out of funds in no time.

Their third word GDP is not a curse, its a boon.

低工资是一个很大的助益。此外，低廉的大宗商品价格有助于降低建筑成本。中国唯一需要进口的就是石油。

再加上1亿的低收入工人，他们可以打败任何人。如果他们必须支付美国人那样的工资，他们很快就会缺钱的。

第三世界国家的GDP不是诅咒，而是恩惠。

Chengliang Pan

Two words: We can!

What I said we can means Made-in-China provides everything we need to build the infrastructure. For example, you want to build a tunnel, TBMs are made-in-China; want to build a bridge across the river, the lifter ships are mad-in-China; want to build a high speed railway, the bridge machines and track-layer machine is made-in-China, don’t forget the bullet-trains are made-in-China too; want a 5G network, Huawei and ZTE make theequipments. So compared to other nations, made-in-China make those projects affordable, not to mention those money stays in China.

两个词：我们可以!

我所说的“我们可以”是指“中国制造”为我们提供建设基础设施所需的一切。例如，你想建一条隧道，隧道镗床是中国制造的;想在河上建一座桥，升船机是中国制造的;想要建造一条高速铁路，桥面机械和轨道层机械都是中国制造的，别忘了高铁列车也是中国制造的;想要5G网络，设备由华为和中兴制造。因此，与其他国家相比，中国制造让这些工程变得可行，更不用说这些钱留在中国了。

Joan Mulbrandon

China’s GDP per capita is 1/4 that of the US. It not a third world country anymore and since economic growth is not uniform in some religions it is much more

中国的人均GDP是美国的四分之一。它已经不再是第三世界国家了，而且由于某些地区的经济增长不一致，它以远远超过第三世界国家水平了。

Bob MacKenzie, former Business Owner and Manager. at Private (1973-2017)

It is simply a matter of priority. They want to build a country for people to live in and they know they need good infrastructure for that. They also want to be able to trade easily with other countries and that takes infrastructure.

Building a huge army and military complex is not their main priority I suppose so they have money for infrastructure and education.

这单纯就是优先发展的问题。他们想要建立让百姓安居的国家，他们需要良好的基础设施。他们还希望能够轻松地与其他国家进行贸易，这也需要基础设施。

我认为，建设庞大的军队和军事设施不是他们的首要任务，因此他们把资金用在了基础设施和教育方面。

Alan Tam, lives in Singapore (1987-present)

In Chinese culture building bridges and other infrastructure for people will bring good karma. Destruction will bring bad karma. So building up something is good destroying something will bring you bad luck not only to you but to generations to come. So China will continue to build as long as financially available.

在中国文化中，为人们修建桥梁等基础设施会带来善业，拆除则会带来孽报。所以，建东西是好事，拆东西则会带来坏运气，不仅仅报应在你身上，还有子孙后代。因此，只要资金允许，中国将继续大搞建设。

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