如果你来自一个曾被殖民过的国家，你怎么看待那些曾经统治过你的国家

If you're from a country that was colonized in the past, how do you feel about the countries who once were your rulers? How do Vietnamese feel about France; how do Brazilians feel about Portugal, etc.?

如果你来自一个曾被殖民过的国家，你怎么看待那些曾经统治过你的国家？越南人对法国有什么感觉？巴西人对葡萄牙有什么看法？

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以下是Quora读者的评论：

Edward Johns

I’m born in New Zealand (A former British Colony, and a current Commonwealth Realm, with HM as Head of State and as our Queen). Short answer, as I’m from what is called a “White British Colony”, we love the Brits, we are Brits, and we have fought every war Britain was apart of, since our formation.

We see Britain as our mother, with our national personification, Zealandia, being the daughter of Britannia. We are proud of our heritage, and of the British Empire.

我出生在新西兰(曾经的英国殖民地，现在是英联邦国家，HM是国家元首，也是我们的女王)。简而言之，因为我来自所谓的“英国白人殖民地”，我们爱英国人，我们就是英国人，我们参加了英国参与的每一场战争。

我们视英国为我们的母亲，而我们的民族西兰洲则是不列颠尼亚的女儿。我们为我们的文化遗产和大英帝国感到骄傲。

Hieu Luu

In Vietnam, people mostly have a neutral to positive feeling about France and the French. France is now a distant country and doesn’t have much influence on Vietnam. But its culture is considered exotic and romantic. To the point that Vietnamese companies build theme parks that are inspired by French castles and hire Western people to perform as French.

在越南，大多数人对法国和法国人持有中立或积极的态度。法国是一个遥远的国度，对越南没有多大影响。但人们普遍认为法国文化充满异国情调，十分浪漫。越南公司甚至在法国城堡的启发下建造了主题公园，雇佣西方人来扮演法国人。

Pablo Emanuel, Born and raised in Brazil

Brazil has a unique situation when compared to other former colonies.

First of all, there wasn’t a Brazil before Portugal. India, for instance, already had several millenia of history before being conquered by the British, and an identity (identities are, by essence, a mythological concept, so it’s pointless to discuss how “idealized” an identity is) to get back to, and to oppose to their colonial history. Brazil has none of that. Before 1500, the territory that’s now Brazil was home to a scattered mix of small to medium-sized tribal societies, with no globally shared identity. The current Brazilian identity and culture was forged during the colonial era, as a mix of European elements with a bit of native American spice and the massive influence of the huge influx of African slaves.

与其他前殖民地相比，巴西是比较另类的一个。

首先，在葡萄牙殖民之前并没有巴西这个国家。例如，印度在被英国征服之前已经有着几千年历史了，有可以追溯的身份认同，以此来反对英国的殖民历史。但巴西没有。在1500年之前，现在巴西所在的这片土地上都是分散的小型及中型部落，没有得到国际认可的身份。目前的巴西身份和文化是在殖民时期形成的，是欧洲元素和一点美洲土著的结合，以及非洲奴隶大量涌入带来的巨大影响。

Second, Brazil became so much bigger than Portugal that, by the time of independence, it didn’t have the status of colony anymore, Rio having been the capital of Portugal for almost two decades in the begng of the Xthth century. The independence movement was much closer to a separatist movement of a province that didn’t feel it had the proper representation in the United Kingdom’s governance than a true anti-colonial movement. It suffices to say that the leader of the independence of Brazil and its first Emperor was actually the son of Portugal’s king, and went on to succeed his father as the king in Europe when he died.

Third, even after the independence, there’s been a constant flux of migrants in both directions, which kept the Portuguese culture and the bonds to the Peninsula much alive in Brazil. In cities like Rio there’s a lot of Portuguese clubs, restaurants and events, which are seen as an integral part of the city’s cosmopolitan culture. More recently, especially after the EU, most of the flow is Europe-bound, with several Brazilians using their Portuguese ancestry as a gateway to an European passport. That created some reaction in Portugal, which feels somewhat threatened by having its small 10M-people population to directly compete with 220M potential migrants - even if the Brazilian migrants only represent a tiny percentage of Brazil’s population, it’s still very significant when compared to Portugal’s. Even with that recent scar on our relationship, it’s still mostly friendly and respectful - since around 90% of all Portuguese speakers are in Brazil and, therefore, most of Portuguese-speaking culture is currently produced here, a significant part of it is consumed in Portugal (especially the telenovelas - TV soap operas). Conversely, most of classical Portuguese literature (and some modern authors, such as Saramago) is still highly regarded in our side of the ocean.

其次，巴西独立的时候已经比葡萄牙大得多了，不再是殖民地身份了，里约热内卢在19世纪初还曾被选为葡萄牙的首都，持续了近20年时间。独立运动更像是某个省份的分离运动，而不是真正的反殖民运动。可以说，巴西独立的领导人及其第一位皇帝实际上是葡萄牙国王的儿子，在父亲去世后还继承了父亲在欧洲的王位。

第三，即使在独立之后，移民仍在不断双向流动，这使得葡萄牙文化和与巴西半岛的纽带在巴西依然保持活跃。在像里约热内卢这样的城市里，有很多葡萄牙俱乐部、餐馆和活动，这些都被视为是这个城市国际化文化中不可分割的一部分。最近，尤其是在加入欧盟之后，大部分资金流向欧洲，一些巴西人将自己的葡萄牙血统作为获得欧洲护照的途径。这在葡萄牙引起了一些争论，葡萄牙有1000万人口的小规模直接与2.2亿潜在移民展开竞争，在某种程度上让民众觉得受到了威胁——即使巴西移民只占巴西人口的一小部分，但与葡萄牙相比，比例还是较为可观的—因为大约90%的葡萄牙语使用者都在巴西，因此，大多数葡萄牙语文化目前都是在这里创造的，其中多数是在葡萄牙消费的（特别是电视连续剧）。相反，大多数葡萄牙古典文学（以及一些现代作家，如萨拉马戈）在我们这儿仍然受到高度重视。

To summarize, we see Portugal as an old uncle, that, with all his defects, was a key influence for us growing up; then, for a while, asked us for help when he was becoming older and we were getting more successful than him; but that recently got a big inheritance. So, while we mostly respectfully tolerated him in the past, now we’re suddenly much more interested on getting close to him again.

总而言之，我们把葡萄牙看作是一个老大叔，尽管他毛病不少，但对我们的成长产生了重要影响；也曾有一段时间，他向我们求助，随着他年岁渐长，我们比他更为成功；但他最近获得了一大笔遗产。所以，虽然我们过去大多是带着尊重来容忍他的行为，但现在我们突然想要再次亲近他了。

Simon Anderson

Australian here. I now live in London if that’s is any indication.

Although, me living in London was not due to some romantic idea about reconnecting to my past or visiting my roots.

I was simply ever so slightly bored with my post-graduate life work life and several years of working in my industry that I got the travel bug and wanted to travel through the U.K. and mainland Europe for a couple of years while still working in Europe (and, by that I mean, live and work in London for a year or two, while taking many short holiday breaks and city stays in Europe).

That sort of thing is actually pretty commonplace for Australians under the age of 30. The visa requirements for Australians (and New Zealanders and Canadians and many Commonwealth countries for that matter) make travel to the U.K. easy, and work visas are also relatively easy for us to obtain.

我是澳大利亚人，现在住在伦敦，嗯，也许能说明一点问题。

尽管如此，我在伦敦定居并非出于某种浪漫的想法，比如重温历史或者寻根问祖。

我只是对我的毕业后的工作生活以及在就职行业的几年工作感到厌倦了，我太想出门浪了，我想在英国和欧洲大陆浪个几年，同时在欧洲工作(我的意思是，在伦敦工作生活一两年，期间去欧洲的城市度度假)。

对于30岁以下的澳大利亚人来说，这种事情其实很常见。对澳大利亚公民的签证要求使得我们前往英国十分便利，工作签证也相对容易获批。

But I have to say that although I since have made my life in London (long story short, I had intended to live and work and trace for two years and then return to Australia) life and serendipity had other ideas, I ended up meeting someone who became the love of my life and so now I’m married and live in London permanently), this was not because of some colonial love of England.

Australia is very much its own country. There is no longing for the past, nor resentment about having been a colony (with the valid exception that Indigenous Australians, who, quite understandably have legitimate grievances about their historical treatment during the European colonization of Australia - and very real repercussions of that still affect the indigenous population to this day).

The fact that the Queen is Australia’s Head of State is completely, legally and functionally meaningless in every sort of day-to-day and political sense. It’s purely symbolic. The Queen has zero political power over Australia, both in a real sense or a legislative sense. Australia doesn’t see itself as a colony.

To that end, Australia has no nation-wide or universal collective ill-will towards England or the United Kingdom. Some older generations (and by that I mean really old generation people, not merely senior citizens, but the truly elderly Australians) have strong monarchist sensibilities. But even they aren’t suggesting a return to colony status. They just mean they like the status quo and functionally meaningless symbolism of the Queen being the head of state and having her on the backside of all our coins and $5 banknotes.

但我不得不说，尽管我在伦敦生活（长话短说，我本打算再次工作生活两年，就回到澳大利亚）但生活总会遇到意外，我遇到了一生挚爱的人，所以现在我结了婚，常住伦敦）这并不是因为我对英国殖民的热爱。

在很大程度上，澳大利亚就是澳大利亚。人们没有对过去的向往，也没有对曾经沦为殖民地的怨恨（除了土著澳大利亚人，这倒是可以理解的，毕竟在澳大利亚被欧洲殖民统治期间，他们对曾经遭受的不公对待很不满，这种不满至今仍影响着土著居民。）

事实上，女王是澳大利亚的国家元首，这一事实在日常和政治上都是毫无意义的，纯粹是象征性的。女王对澳大利亚没有任何政治权力，无论是在现实意义上还是在立法意义上都是如此。澳大利亚并不认为自己是殖民地。

为此，澳大利亚人并没有对英国或大英帝国的全国性或普遍性的敌意。有些老一辈人（我指的是真正的上几辈的人，不是单纯意义上的老年人，还有真正的老年澳大利亚人）有着强烈的君主主义情感。但即便是他们，也不会希望恢复殖民地。他们是单纯地喜欢现状和女王作为国家元首的毫无意义的象征，把她的头像印在我们的硬币和5澳币的钞票背面。

Overall, whether one is a monarchist or not, it’s inevitable that Australia will eventually become a republic, and even died-in-the-wool Australian monarchists realise and will admit that they are simply delaying the inevitable rather than preventing it from happening for good.

But a desire for an Australian republic among Australia s is not out of hatred to England, but more pride in self-identity as a nation and also, logical next-step national progression.

总的来说，不管某个人是不是君主主义者，澳大利亚成为共和国的发展历程都是不可避免的，即使是已经去世的澳大利亚君主主义者也意识到并承认这一点，他们只是在拖延，无法永久地阻止。

但是，澳大利亚人希望建立澳大利亚共和国，并非出于对英国的憎恨，而是出于对国家自我认同的自豪感，以及国家未来的良好发展。

Leon Tay, lives in Singapore

I’m from Singapore, born and raised here although I can be considered one of the younger generation. I have not lived through colonisation but I do know about it through stories passed down in my family.

First, some history. Singapore was colonised since 1819 by the British led by Sir Stamford Raffles. It used to be a tiny fishing village owned by the Sultan of Johor. Back then the Sultan was controlled by the Dutch so Raffles sneaked the Sultan’s older brother in, recoginised him as the Sultan then made him sign Singapore over to the British. Singapore grew to become very successful but due to poor planning and defense, she fell to the Japanese in WW2. The British came back after the Japanese surrendered after the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki due to their surrender terms forcing them to return all conquered land to their owners. In 1955 started to break away from the British to start self governance.

So how do my people feel about all that currently? Its a mix to be honest. The older generation still has some reverence for the white man as a superior race. This is most evident with the “Sarong Party Girls” of the 1940s and 50s. These were local girls who exclusively date and socialise with white men for social or monetary gain. They tend to have false foreign accents. I think even now dating white people is seen as something above your social class. Probably due to years of racism and being put down as an inferior race.

我来自新加坡，在这里出生，在这里长大，是人们眼中较为年轻的一代。我没有经历过殖民，但通过家族的历史，我确实有所了解。

首先，说点历史背景吧。自1819年以来，新加坡一直被斯坦福德•莱佛士爵士代表的英国政府殖民统治。它曾经是柔佛州苏丹拥有的一个小渔村。当时苏丹被荷兰人控制，所以莱佛士偷偷把苏丹的哥哥拉下水，承认他是苏丹，让他把新加坡授权给英国。新加坡发展得非常成功，但由于规划和防御不力，在二战中败给了日本人。日本在广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸后投降，英国人被迫归还所有霸占的土地。1955年新加坡开始脱离英国，实现自治。

那么，我的同胞对这段历史有什么看法呢？老实说，这是一种复杂的情感。老一辈人仍然把白人看作高人一等的种族，因此对他们抱有敬畏心理。这一点在20世纪四五十年代的“派对女郎”身上表现得最为明显。这些本国女孩，为了社交或金钱利益，只跟白人男性约会交往。在我看来，即使时至今日，和白人约会也会提升女生的社会地位。究其根本，也许就是多年的种族主义，新加坡人被视为劣等种族。

译文来源：三泰虎 https://www.santaihu.com/p/51223.html 译者：Joyceliu

As for the younger generation, we tend not to put too much thought on race. Younger Singaporeans have not lived through all that and the government has been very focused on teaching racial harmony. So this leads to the younger ones not caring about the colour of somebody’s skin compared to their abilities. Although one lasting impression to show that race means nothing was when the British were defeated during WW2. Showing that a seemingly superior race got beaten by Asians(Japanese) woke people up. Even now Singapore has a strong notion of self defence and independence.

To conclude, theres probably tiny traces of the effects of colonisation on the Singapore population, but its slowly diminishing with the younger generation. Ask any random Singaporean now about how they feel about the British they would probably tell you they don’t care or that they treat them the same as everyone else.

对于年轻一代来说，我们基本不会太过在意种族问题。年轻一代的新加坡人没有经历过这一切，所以政府非常注重引导种族和谐相处。因此年轻人并不在意别人的肤色，更看重别人的能力。一个看似优越的种族被亚洲人（日本人）打败了，这让人们大吃一惊。即使现在，新加坡仍有着强烈的自卫和独立的观念。

综上所述，殖民对新加坡人口的影响可能微乎其微，但随着年轻一代的成长，影响会慢慢减弱。现在随便采访一个新加坡人，问问他们对英国人有什么感觉，他们可能会告诉你，他们不在乎英国人，或者他们对英国人和对其他人的感觉并没有什么不同。

Ali Khan

I'm from trinidad and tobago which is an ex British colony. We recieved independence from the UK in 1962, and became a republic in '76, which eliminated the queen as the head of state.

The general opinion varies a lot depending on race, wealth and age.

With the rise of the US and they establishing a military base during WW2, the US had massively impacted on the culture of Trinidad in that the British has a lesser role in our everyday lives especially when it comes to the media.

It's a love-hate relationship. The British and the locally born whites were beyond cruel, especially towards the majority blacks and east Indians. They treated slaves as if they were lower than animals while they reinvented slavery with Indians.

我来自特立尼达和多巴哥，是前英国殖民地。1962年，我们从英国独立出去，并于1976年成为一个共和国，这结束了女王作为国家元首的地位。

人们的观点会因种族、财富和年龄的不同而有很大的差别。

随着美国的崛起，在二战期间建立了军事基地，美国对特立尼达的文化产生了巨大影响，英国在我们的日常生活中扮演的角色较少，尤其是在媒体方面。

这是一种爱恨交织的关系。英国人和当地出生的白人曾经残忍至极，尤其是对占人口多数的黑人和东印度人犹为如此。他们对印第安人重新实行奴隶制，对待奴隶的态度就好像这些奴隶比动物还低等。