为什么印度人在就业严重短缺的情况下还要生那么多孩子

Why do Indians produce so many kids when there is a severe shortage of jobs in India?

为什么印度人在就业机会严重短缺的情况下还要生那么多孩子？

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Devansh Trivedi

I can Tell about My State UP

1.) Poor people In my state think that More Children = More Money.

2.) Some have No knowledge about Contraceptives( only in Rural areas)

3.) Then Some people are Gender Bias as Shown in the Movie Dangal, For having a Son, They continued to have Children till their 4 th girl child

我可以说说我所在的北方邦的情况

1) 北方邦的穷人认为孩子多=钱多。

2) 一些人不了解避孕用品(仅在农村地区)

3) 有些人就像电影《摔跤吧！爸爸》里那样重男轻女，为了要个儿子不停生，生了四个女儿

Last Point is True Even For Most of educated and Rich people in my state. Most of them want Son at any cost.

But Awareness is Being Spreaded At a very fast pace and Nowadays couples have mostly one child.

But Now atleast for my state it is already too late as population has risen Very much thus Bringing Poverty

对北方邦大多数知识分子和富人而言，生儿子同样也是真理。他们中大多数人为了儿子不惜一切代价。

但现在社会意识的传播速度非常快，大多数夫妇都只生一个孩子了。

但对北方邦来说，一切都太迟了，因为人口增长太快，贫困如影随形。

Sandeepan Bose

The growth rate of Indian Population has moderated.

It has crossed Chinese population but future growth is limited.

印度人口的增长率已经放缓了。

印度人口已经超过了中国人口，但未来继续增长的空间有限。

Now to answer the question you asked

Why do Indians produce so many kids when there is a severe shortage of jobs in India?

Although your question isn't relevant today at some point of time - Indians did produce “so many” kids but they never bothered about jobs.

现在我来回答你的问题。

为什么印度人在就业严重短缺的情况下还要生那么多孩子?

虽然你的问题有些不太贴合实际—印度人确实生了“许多”孩子—但印度人从来不会为工作烦心。

My own grandfather had 5 sons and 4 daughters.

He came from a rural agricultural family. Destiny forced him to migrate out of his village. A sea wave forced salt water into their family land. He was the youngest son of his family and the only one who finished his matriculation. His dad asked him to leave for better opportunities because he was educated. His other brothers and his family would survive on whatever they could grow on the salt water spoilt land. My grandfather started as a school teacher and ended as an Advocate. All his sons were well educated and were professionals. The third generation ( my generation didn't have “so many kids”). Why? It was post-independance. The only employers was the central government or state government. A graduation still ensured you a job but it need not be an executive job. Only 2 of my cousins have worked in private employment - me and my cousin. And I am the only child of my parents .

我的祖父生了5个儿子和4个女儿。

他出身于农民家庭。命运迫使他背井离乡。海水漫灌进他们家的土地。他是家里最小的儿子，也是唯一一个完成了大学入学考试的孩子。

因为他受过教育，他的父亲让他离开家，寻找更好的机会。

他的兄弟和家人则靠着被海水碱化的土地上种植出来的东西勉强过活。我的祖父先是当了老师，最后又成了一名律师。

他所有的儿子都受过良好的教育，都是专业人士。第三代(我们这一代就没有“那么多孩子”了)。为什么呢？因为现在是独立后的时代。

唯一的雇主就是中央政府或邦政府。毕业文凭仍可以确保你能找到一份工作，但不一定是主管职位了。我的表兄弟姐妹中只有两个在私营企业工作—我和我的表兄弟。而我是我父母唯一的孩子。

People are concerned about the future of their kids.

I will come back again to why people in India and the subcontinent have more kids.

人们关心孩子的未来。

我以后再来解释一下，为什么印度和次大陆的人喜欢生孩子。

Samir Chellan

Why do people in India keep having children? Things are getting worse in India with resources running low such as food and housing space among other necessities. If people in India know it is getting worse why do they bother having children?

It is the culture and tradition. The heartbeat of India is in it’s villages. Each village seems to form a society of closely knit people or acquaintances.

为什么印度人不停地生孩子？印度的情况越来越严峻，食物和住房等必需品的资源越来越少。如果印度人知道情况越来越糟，为什么还要生那么多孩子？

这是印度的文化和传统。印度的根在农村。每个村庄似乎都形成了一个由人脉或熟人组成的小社会。

Answering your question Ryan:

现在我来回答你的问题，Ryan：

Point 1: A couple without kids is a sad couple. In India, there is this (weird) understanding among people that if a couple is child-free, they are supposedly sad. (Which is so not true). And you don’t want people to think you are in the sad club.

第一点：没有孩子的夫妻是不幸的。在印度，人们有一种(奇怪的)观点，认为如果一对夫妇没有孩子，他们就是不幸的(但这根本不是事实)。你不想让别人觉得你很可怜。

Point 2: Because they have a happy marriage they need to make a baby and more. [yes.. more]. If one fails to follow suit, you are either not a proper woman or a virile man. You might as well be called a (pardon my unparliamentary use of words) Eunuch. Nobody wants that in a social life. Or else, in social gatherings, at job or even when people visit you, they will roast you, sympathize you; because you failed to keep up your Khandan ki shaan (Pride of your Pedigree!!!). The name of the family should keep going for generations.

第二点：因为他们有幸福的婚姻，所以他们需要生个孩子，然后生更多孩子。如果不这样做，你要么不是合格的妻子，要么不是大丈夫。你可能还会被称为太监(请原谅我的措辞)。没有人想在社交生活中被人嘲笑。否则，在社交聚会，在工作场合，甚至当人们拜访你时，他们会嘲笑你，同情你，因为你没能保持你的血统！！你有义务传宗接代。

Point 3: Religion.. Most.. No.. Every religion believes, it is important to have children, because it is rewarding and that’s apparently when your duty as a human fulfills. You sacrifice, run a family, when you shape a child into a righteous adult. Also it is supposed to be the full life one should have - You take care of him/her when a baby and inturn he/she takes care of the ailing parent and perform AntimKarma (last rites) when parent passes away. If not, it is believed that in the after life, the parent starves.

第三点：宗教……大多数，不对，应该是所有宗教都相信，生育子女是很重要的事，因为这么做很有意义，是你作为一个人的责任得到履行的时刻。当你把一个孩子培养成正直的成年人时，你为家庭做出了牺牲。这也能让一个人体验到生命的完整—当他/她还是个婴儿时，你照顾他/她，然后他/她长大后反过来照顾生病的父母，当父母去世时，他/她会为父母操办临终圣事。人们认为如果没有操办临终圣事，那么父母会在来世挨饿。

Point 4: Some people just like having kids and raising them.

第四点：有些人就是喜欢生孩子并抚养孩子。

So, pretty much these are the reasons the ‘society’ gives out for making more and more children.

Individuals who think they want to be child-free due to resource crunches or for personal reasons are loathed by the majority.

In India, ‘Are you married? Children?’ are very common questions even a stranger can ask you. If the answer is no, then they have the ‘I am sorry for your loss’ expression on their faces. :P

That’s how much a progeny matters in India.. :)

May be in another hundred years, people might think about going child-free (and enjoy) ;)

所以，这些都是“社会”鼓励多生孩子的原因。

由于资源紧张或个人原因而不想要孩子的人，会受到大多数人的厌恶。

在印度，“你结婚了吗？有孩子吗？”都是很常见的问题，就连素不相识的人也会这么问。如果你给出否定的答案，那么他们就会露出“我对你的损失感到遗憾”的表情。

这就是子孙后代在印度的重要性。

也许再过一百年，人们就不想生孩子了(并乐在其中)。

Vishnu Somasekhar

Being a Keralite I see, mostly, a maxmum of two children per couple. Also, most of the educated and working elite/middle class families too have two children per couple. I am not aware of any government run programs which support the family with more kids. Hence I would list the following as the plausible reasons for more kids in a family.

作为一个喀拉拉邦人，我身边大多数夫妇最多只有两个孩子。此外，大多数知识分子、工作精英/中产阶级家庭也只有两个孩子。我没听说过有什么政府项目照顾子女较多的家庭。所以我列出了以下几点可能鼓励夫妇生育更多孩子的合理理由。

1.Lack of contraceptives. We as a society are still averse to the use of contraceptives. Most of us are still afraid of or ashamed to ask for a condom in a shop. There are also misconceptions about the use of contraceptives.

1.缺乏避孕措施。我们印度社会仍然反对采用避孕措施。大多数印度人仍然害怕或羞于在商店里购买避孕套。对避孕措施也存在误解。

2.Lack of birth control. Most of the rural population have no easy way to access effective birth control methods. I have an experience where I could not buy an over-the-counter-morning-after pill, after a condom broke. The medical shop just denied giving me the pill without the prescription of a gynecologist. It was not just one shop, but the three I went to next also refused to give me the pill.

2.缺乏节育药具。大多数农村人口无法轻易获得有效的节育药具。我曾经有过这样的经历，在避孕套破裂后，我买不到非处方的紧急避孕药。药店拒绝在没有妇科医生处方的情况下把药卖给我。不只是一家店，我去了三家店都是如此。

3.Religious beliefs. There are many communities and some organized religions, who enjoy the minority status, not willing to adopt birth control. A child is supposed to be a gift from God. Also the belief that a fetus is a living being with emotions and thought leads them to deny abortions. Hence use of birth control pills and other means are taboo for them to adopt because of religious beliefs.

3.宗教信仰。有许多社区和有组织的宗教可以享有少数族群的优惠，不愿意采取节育措施。孩子应该是上帝赐予的礼物。而且，胎儿是有情感和思想的生命体的信念导致他们拒绝堕胎。由于宗教信仰，使用避孕药和其他节育手段对他们来说是个禁忌。

4.Race for Religious dominance. To site an example a Christian church in Kerala are offering monetary support for every children after the second that is born to the families in its congregation. So are some Islamic clerics issuing fatwas to increase their population. And when this pressure from minorities build up some far-right Hindu leaders are also suggesting in public that Hindu women must give birth to more children.

4.争夺宗教主导地位。举个例子，喀拉拉邦的一个基督教教堂为其会众家庭出生的第二个孩子提供金钱资助。有些YSL教神职人员发布教令来增加人口，也是出于这个原因。当来自少数族群的压力增加时，一些极右翼的印度教领袖就会在公开场合建议印度教妇女生育更多的孩子。

5.Improved nutrition and medical facilities. Infant mortality rates have been in sharp decline over the past few years. Still there are impoverished communities which have a bad track record. The state governments are still trying to figure out how to get nutrition and medical help to these tribal colonies.

5.营养水平和医疗设施水平的提高。在过去几年中，婴儿死亡率急剧下降。有些贫困社区的婴儿死亡率还是很高。邦政府仍在努力寻找如何为这些部落提供营养和医疗援助的方法。

6.Gender bias. There are numerous instances of female feticide and continuing trials for a boy child. Due to mis-reading of the religious scriptures some communities believe they need a male heir. Some places have cryptic inheritance laws which requires a male child to inherit their wealth.

6.性别偏见。杀害女婴的惨剧时有发生。由于对宗教经典的误读，有些社区民众认为他们需要男性继承人。有些地方有神秘的继承法，只有男孩才能继承财富。

Sanjith. Science Xplorer. Sigma Loup Solitaire

Why do people in India continue to have children when their resources are dwindling and overpopulation is an alarming issue?

在资源日益减少、人口过剩已经成为严峻问题的情况下，为什么印度人还要继续生孩子？

In india, giving birth is a virtue of a successful life.

If you don't have a kid in first 3 years of marriage, you are taged as a loser, infertile and wat not.

Some want to have kids to satisfy their selfish needs of old-age service.

Some hav no idea about life and think procreating is mandatory part of everybody's life.

Some are irresponsible and reproduce without precautions.

在印度，生育后代是成功人生的美德。

如果你结婚后3年还没有生孩子，就会被贴上失败者、无后之类的标签。

有些人想要孩子来满足自己未来养老的自私需求。

有些人对生活一无所知，认为生育是每个人生活中必不可少的一部分。

有些人不负责任，不采取避孕措施。

Humans are not extinct to keep reproducing. There are plenty of humans on this planet to carry this world forward. But not enough resource to feed the living creatures on this planet. We are rip this planet apart with so many footprints.

So need to be responsible and hold the birth for few years. Otherwise nature will do it in its own style.

人类之所以还生活在地球上，绝不是只为了繁衍后代。在这个星球上，有很多人可以推动世界向前发展。但地球没有足够的资源来养活星球上的所有生物。我们留下了如此多的足迹，正在摧毁这个星球。

所以我们要负起责任，控制生育。否则，大自然会用自己的方式来报复人类。