China secretly building massive nuclear fusion research centre, reveal satellite images: Why it should worry India

卫星图像显示：中国秘密建造大型核聚变研究中心，印度为何应感到担忧

China is constructing a large-scale laser-ignited nuclear fusion research facility in the southwestern city of Mianyang, which experts said Being will utilise to enhance both nuclear weapons design capabilities and research into advanced power generation methods.

Satellite imagery has unveiled a sprawling complex, featuring four external arms, each housing laser bays, and a central experimental chamber designed to contain hydrogen isotopes. These isotopes, such as deuterium and tritium, will be subjected to intense laser beams, facilitating fusion reactions that generate energy.

The design of the facility closely mirrors that of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in California, which successfully achieved "scientific breakeven" in 2022 by producing more energy from fusion than was consumed by the lasers.

Experts estimate that the experimental chamber at the Mianyang facility is approxmately 50% larger than its counterpart at NIF, which is currently the largest facility of its kind globally.

The development of the project, suggests China is preparing for extensive experiments that could bolster its nuclear arsenal without necessitating traditional nuclear tests.

中国正在西南部城市绵阳建造一座大规模激光点火核聚变研究设施，专家表示，中国将利用该设施提升核武器设计能力以及先进发电方法的研究水平。

卫星图像揭示了一座庞大的建筑群，它有四个外部分支，每个分支都设有激光舱，还有一个中央实验舱，用于容纳氢同位素。这些同位素，如氘和氚，将受到高强度激光束的照射，从而引发产生能量的聚变反应。

该设施的设计与美国加利福尼亚州的国家点火装置（NIF）极为相似，NIF在2022年成功实现了“科学意义上的收支平衡”，即通过核聚变产生的能量超过了激光所消耗的能量。

专家估计，绵阳该设施的实验舱比NIF目前全球最大的同类实验舱大约大50%。

该项目的进展表明，中国正准备进行广泛的实验，这可能在无需进行传统核试验的情况下增强其核武库。

For weapons or power?

Nuclear weapons development: One of the primary concerns surrounding this facility is its potential application in nuclear weapons design. The technology employed in laser-ignited fusion can enhance a country's capability to develop and refine nuclear weapons without conducting actual tests. William Alberque, a nuclear policy analyst, noted, "Any country with an NIF-type facility can and probably will be increasing their confidence and improving exsting weapons designs" without the need for testing. This capability could allow China to advance its nuclear arsenal while adhering to international testing bans.

Energy production research: In addition to military applications, the facility may also contribute to advancements in clean energy production. Fusion energy is viewed as a "holy grail" due to its potential to provide an almost limitless source of power with minimal environmental impact. If successful, this research could position China as a leader in global energy innovation, potentially altering energy dynamics worldwide.

用于武器还是能源？

核武器研发：围绕该设施的主要担忧之一是其在核武器设计方面的潜在应用。激光点火核聚变所采用的技术能够提升一个国家在不进行实际试验的情况下研发和改进核武器的能力。核武器政策分析师威廉·阿尔伯克指出：“任何拥有类似NIF设施的国家，都能够而且很可能会在无需试验的情况下，增强信心并改进现有武器设计。” 这种能力可使中国在遵守国际核试验禁令的同时，推进其核武库建设。

能源生产研究：除了军事应用，该设施也可能有助于清洁能源生产的进步。核聚变能源因其有望提供几乎无限的能源且对环境影响极小，而被视为 “圣杯”。如果研究成功，这可能使中国成为全球能源创新的领导者，潜在地改变全球能源格局。

China's nuclear capabilities

The revelation of the new bleeding edge facility has raised significant questions regarding its potential applications and implications for regional security, particularly for India.

China's nuclear capabilities have been rapidly increasing, with its arsenal growing from 410 nuclear warheads in January 2023 to an estimated 500 by January 2024. This expansion is part of a broader strategy to enhance its nuclear deterrent capabilities, and projections suggest that if this trend continues, China could potentially match the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) possessed by the US or Russia by the end of the decade.

The new facility will help Beiing refine nuclear weapons designs without necessitating actual tests, thereby allowing China to bolster its arsenal covertly while adhering to international non-proliferation norms.

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) noted that this growth positions China as a formidable nuclear power, significantly outpacing India's capabilities.

中国的核能力

这座全新尖端设施的曝光，引发了关于其潜在应用以及对地区安全影响的重大问题，特别是对印度而言。

中国的核能力一直在迅速提升，其核武库从2023年1月的410枚核弹头增加到2024年1月估计的500枚。这种扩充是其增强核威慑能力更广泛战略的一部分，据预测，如果这种趋势持续下去，到本十年末，中国的洲际弹道导弹（ICBM）数量有可能与美国或俄罗斯匹敌。

这座新设施将帮助北京方面在无需实际试验的情况下完善核武器设计，从而使中国在遵守国际核不扩散准则的同时秘密扩充其核武库。

斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）指出，这种增长使中国成为一个强大的核大国，显著超越印度的核能力。

India's nuclear arsenal is estimated to consist of 172 warheads, slightly more than Pakistan's 170.

While India has made strides in modernising its nuclear delivery systems — such as the Agni series of ballistic missiles — its overall stockpile remains limited compared to China's rapid expansion.

Besides nuclear weapons, China also outpaces India in nuclear power generation.

India operates 23 nuclear power reactors, generating approxmately 6 per cent of its total electricity.

据估计，印度的核武库由172枚核弹头组成，略多于巴基斯坦的170枚。

尽管印度在使其核运载系统（如“烈火”系列弹道导弹）现代化方面取得了进展，但其总体库存与中国的快速扩充相比仍然有限。

除了核武器，中国在核能发电方面也领先于印度。

印度运营着23座核电站，核电发电量约占其总发电量的6%。

China, on the other hand, has 55 operational reactors and is rapidly expanding its nuclear energy capacity as part of its broader strategy to transition towards cleaner energy sources.

China is also the first country globally to commercialise third-generation reactors. China's ongoing nuclear expansion includes plans to build between six to eight new reactors annually, alongside the operation of advanced reactors like the Shidaowan-1, which is a fourth-generation gas-cooled reactor.

Experts anticipate that the construction of a new nuclear facility in China will significantly enhance Beiing's capabilities in both nuclear weapons development and power generation. This advancement is expected to further widen the already substantial gap between China's nuclear capabilities and those of India.

另一方面，中国有55座运行中的核电站，并且作为其向清洁能源转型更广泛战略的一部分，正在迅速扩大其核能发电能力。

中国还是全球首个将第三代核电站商业化的国家。中国正在进行的核能扩张计划包括每年建造6至8座新核电站，同时运营诸如石岛湾1号这样的先进反应堆，这是一座第四代气冷反应堆。

专家预计，中国这座新核设施的建造将显著提升北京在核武器研发和发电方面的能力。这一进展预计将进一步拉大中国与印度之间本就巨大的核能力差距。

以下是印度网友的评论：

Ivan Wolf
Everything China does is a concern of India, why? India may concern, but can do nothing, so why concern?

中国做的每件事都让印度担忧，为什么呢？印度可能会担忧，但又无能为力，那干嘛要担忧呢？

amit
May be this jhingees are making for their thambi pakistan… as they nor hv uranium, nor facilities not even enuf talent and money to make more or verify which is already built

也许这些家伙是在为他们的兄弟巴基斯坦做（这些设施）…… 因为巴基斯坦既没有铀，也没有设施，甚至没有足够的人才和资金来制造更多（核武器）或验证已制造出来的（核武器）。

User
why indians keep whining. india should make its nuclear capabilities stronger day by day

为什么印度人一直在抱怨。印度应该日复一日地增强自身的核能力。

Patriot
it does not matter what China do because in case of nuclear war it can not stop missiles carrying such weapons and will be destroyed.

中国做什么并不重要，因为一旦发生核战争，它无法拦截携带这类武器的导弹，最终会被摧毁。

Shivan Shivan
China might have put stolen IPR to good use. Yet it can never reach the status of USA as a superpower.

中国可能把偷来的知识产权利用得很好。但它永远无法达到美国那样超级大国的地位。

Ivan Wolf
China already a world super power, go ask your white master USA

中国已经是一个世界超级大国了，去问问你的白人主子美国吧

Munshi
It should worry the US - not India.,China is generations ahead of India.,India should count itself in minions - not competitors.

这应该让美国担忧，而不是印度。中国领先印度好几代。印度应该把自己归为跟班，而不是竞争对手。

Ivan Wolf
But TRUE

但这是事实

Arun Jayaram
Once China develops the nuclear fusion technology, India can buy it from China. Much cheaper than buying from US, France etc.

一旦中国研发出核聚变技术，印度可以从中国购买。这比从美国、法国等国家购买要便宜得多。

indian
China is a MERITocracy while India is a RESERVATIONocracy. India is a SAMVIDHANIC ELECTION DEMOCRACY destined to remain weak ALWAYS.

中国是任人唯贤的体制，而印度是搞保留政策，在教育、就业等方面按种姓等进行名额保留的体制。印度是基于宪法选举的皿煮制，但注定永远弱小。

ursago
India doesn't figure in the same league as China in ANY respect (barring population). Comparisons are ludicrous. China and India were once comparable. But that was a LONG time ago. Now even the US and THHHHUUUUMMMPP are running scared of China.

印度在任何方面（除了人口）都无法与中国相提并论。进行比较很荒谬。中国和印度曾经有可比性。但那是很久以前的事了。现在就连美国都对中国有所忌惮。

oursago
During the Cold War, the USA and the Soviet Union (now Russia) possessed twice the number of nuclear warheads they do today, enough to destroy the planet hundreds of times over. Eventually, they recognized the concept of mutual destruction and entered into nuclear arms reduction treaties aimed at gradually eliminating their arsenals. However, since Putin’s rise to power and the resumption of the nuclear arms race in Russia, alongside closer ties with China, the situation has changed.,Ultimately, the size of a nuclear arsenal is less important than its actual effectiveness; even 100 warheads can achieve the same destructive capability as a much larger stockpile. With 1,000 warheads, a country could easily dismantle another nation’s strategic infrastructure, reducing it to a pre-industrial state. If a reckless dr were to initiate such a conflict, it would not remain contained between the two countries involved; the entire world would likely be drawn into the chaos that ensues. Anyone who knows even a little bit about the nuclear doctrine considers such a type of article nothing more than any science fiction Film script.

冷战期间，美国和苏联（现在的俄罗斯）拥有的核弹头数量是如今的两倍，足以将地球毁灭数百次。最终，他们认识到彼此能相互毁灭的后果，并签订了核裁军条约，旨在逐步削减核武库。然而，自普京掌权，俄罗斯重新开始核军备竞赛，且与中国关系更加紧密后，情况发生了变化。

归根结底，核武库的规模不如其实际效能重要；即使100枚核弹头也能达到比它数量多得多的核弹头的同等破坏能力。拥有1000枚核弹头的国家可以轻易摧毁另一个国家的战略基础设施，使其退回到工业化前的状态。

如果一个鲁莽的国家挑起这样的冲突，战火不会局限于两个交战国之间；整个世界很可能会陷入随之而来的混乱。哪怕对核理论稍有了解的人，都会认为这类文章不过是科幻电影剧本而已。

Ankush
why we even doing business with these thugs

我们为什么还要和这些恶棍做生意

Valsad
Meanwhile Indian banana republic is being kept busy by digging religious places, hindu - muslim, Pakistan - bangladesh, ed - cbi, etc etc

与此同时，印度这个“香蕉共和国”（忙着挖掘宗教场所、挑起宗教矛盾、巴基斯坦 - 孟加拉国争端、中央调查局（CBI）和执法局（ED）相关事务等等，哈哈

Bharat Ka Pariwar
POWER OF BHARAT IS BIGGER THAN CHINA AND ANY OTHER COUNTRY AFTER 2014. THIS IS NOT THE BHARAT OF 1962. I AM SURE CHINA IS AWARE OF MODI JI’S WORLD POWER AND WHAT HE CAN TO THEM.

2014年之后，印度的力量比中国和其他任何国家都强大。这已不是1962年的印度了。我肯定中国清楚莫迪先生的世界影响力以及他能对他们（中国）做什么。

Sameer Kasim
Which world are you living in?? When Col Santos babu and 19 of his men were clubbed to death in the icy climes of galwan, there was not a peep from 56 incher for a good 4 days..not only that, his hangers on like dovil, kadi ninda, bipsR and tadi paar were nowhere to be seen publicly for 3 full weeks!!! I remember that incident pretty well. Go refute that. Herogiri is only against pakistan, nepal..bdesh..srilanka

你生活在哪个世界啊？？当桑托斯上校和他的19名部下在加勒万河谷的冰天雪地中被棍棒打死时，（身高）56英寸的莫迪足足4天没有吭声……不仅如此，他的那些跟班，比如多维尔、卡迪·宁达、比普斯R和塔迪·帕尔，整整3周都没在公众场合露面！我对那件事记得很清楚。来反驳啊。所谓的“英雄行为”只针对巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡

kumarj
Yes it does Riase Concerns - First of all it is Mahaa Kumbh and above that It is Sacred Mauni Amaavaas.. How can you Bring up such a Topic at this time?

是的，这确实引发担忧——首先，现在是印度教节日大壶节，而且还是神圣的无月斋戒日。怎么能在这个时候提出这样的话题呢？

singh j
whatever nukes china is not match for the agni missile that ModiG will launch from his base at Pichwarra, UP

不管中国有什么核武器，都比不上莫迪将从北方邦皮奇瓦拉基地发射的“烈火”导弹

Bijoy Rst
China has lot of talents. Who ever going to study in USA from China are 90 per cent bright people where as who ever goes from india re only 5 percent bright and 95% average people and their main moto is some how get Green card in america.

中国有很多人才。从中国去美国留学的人90% 都是聪明人，而从印度去的只有5% 是聪明人，95% 都是普通人，他们的主要目的就是想方设法拿到美国绿卡。

Desai
some of the development projects needs more focused approach which India lacks because of de ocracy and bureaucratic red tapes. Also corrupt officials delays overall progress. Look at HAL trying get Tejas, AMCA done in a small time frame. Never up to the par.

一些发展项目需要更专注的方法，但由于民 主制度和官僚主义繁文缛节，印度缺乏这种能力。而且腐败官员也延误了整体进展。看看印度斯坦航空有限公司（HAL）试图在短时间内完成“光辉”战机（Tejas）和先进中型战斗机（AMCA）项目。但从来都达不到标准。

singh
China has no jihadis and hence no sudi secularism - they can do whatever they want and we here are fighting kn caste and security

中国没有圣战分子，所以也不存在所谓“伪世俗主义”。他们（中国）想做什么就做什么，而我们却在这里为种姓和安全问题争斗。

India
Why always worry about China? These news are just to create panic for local audience.. like war will break out by year end!! Instead get our infrastructure, corruption free governance etc Pakis are more dangerous than China at any given point

为什么总要担心中国？这些新闻不过是为了在国内民众中制造恐慌……比如宣称年底会爆发战争之类的！！我们应该着力改善基础设施、实现廉洁治理等。在任何时候，巴基斯坦人都比中国人更危险。

Sonsen
BJP has brought to us Ram Temple, Ram Rajya and also a huge Chinese build structure call the Statue of Unity (representing union of China and India to form one great nation). What more do we need? For that matter, what else can we expect from a BJP led govt?

印度人民党（BJP）为我们带来了罗摩神庙、罗摩盛世，还有一座由中国建造的巨大建筑——团结雕像。我们还需要什么呢？就此而言，我们还能对印度人民党领导的政府有什么别的期待呢？

Sonsen
Just like china - we should also remove all except hindus and not allow anyone to talk nonsense like you

我们也应该把印度教徒以外的人都清除掉，不允许像你这样的人胡说八道。

Sonsen
The chinkoos are celebrating the Chinese New Year this weekend. M@therCh0dA are welcome to join them as part of your larger goal of destroying India.

这些中国佬，这个周末在庆祝中国新年。你们去和他们一起庆祝啊，这也是你们妄图毁灭印度的宏伟目标的一部分。

Abc
let us concentrate on kumbh,and temples, and other religious affairs,,the rest god's will take care until we reach a point of no return. With the distorted focus of the present government we will reach no where.

我们还是专注于大壶节（Kumbh）、寺庙和其他宗教事务吧，其他的事，在我们走到无可挽回的地步之前，上帝会处理的。以现政府这种扭曲的关注点，我们将一事无成。

Xyz
If we can just remove juhadis and jahils - rest will automatically take care

要是我们能除掉那些极端分子和无知之徒，其他问题自然就会解决。

Dkz Mum
India's objective must be the end of corruption to zero level.,instead of competition with China & Pakistan.,Then we can become more patriotic, honest and hard working people.

印度的目标应该是将腐败彻底消除，而不是与中国和巴基斯坦竞争。这样我们才能成为更爱国、诚实和勤劳的人民。

KP
India for certain is not in competition with Pakistan. Also, India cannot compete with China who's economy is many fold bigger. India is trying to improve it's economy which present day is mostly dependent on educated and skilled labor. Majority of the population attend sub standard school and there after similar backward colleges that produces namesake graduates only on paper. Only a small percentage attends proper school and colleges. Govt is focusing on skill training centers that will help in getting people trained to get jobs in manufacturing industry.

印度肯定不是在与巴基斯坦竞争。而且，印度也无法与经济规模大得多的中国竞争。印度正在努力改善经济，目前其经济在很大程度上依赖受过教育和有技能的劳动力。大多数人上的是不合格的学校，之后进入类似落后的大学，培养出的只是名义上的毕业生。只有一小部分人能进入正规的学校和大学。政府现在专注于技能培训中心，这将有助于让人们得到培训，从而在制造业找到工作。

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