印度是否应该取消尼泊尔的最惠国地位，并对通过印度领土运输的尼泊尔商品征收100%的边境税

Should India withdraw MFN status of Nepal and impose a 100% border tax over Nepali goods transported through Indian territory? Why should we allow our land to be used freely by Nepal?

印度是否应该取消尼泊尔的最惠国地位，并对通过印度领土运输的尼泊尔商品征收100%的边境税？我们为什么要允许尼泊尔随意使用我们的国土呢？

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Bala Senthil Kumar

India does not have to do anything differently.

China is buying influence in Nepal.

The key word is ‘buying’.

The only reason China is showing interest in Nepal is because it wants to extend its influence or get a step ahead of India.

It should dawn on the Nepalese people soon enough that their relationship with China is always going to be transactional. For India to compete with that would be very expensive, ambiguous and totally unnecessary.

Nepal does not have anything India needs. China might love its sphere of control, but investing in Nepal is an expensive proposition and it will bleed China the way things are sha up now.

印度无需做出任何改变。

中国正在尼泊尔收买影响力。

关键词是“收买”。

中国对尼泊尔表现出兴趣，唯一原因是它想扩大自身影响力，或者领先印度一步。

尼泊尔人民应该很快就会明白，他们与中国的关系永远是基于利益交换的。印度若要与之竞争，成本会极高，形势也不明朗，而且完全没必要。

尼泊尔没有印度需要的东西。中国或许热衷于其势力范围，但投资尼泊尔代价高昂，照目前的形势发展下去，这会让中国不断损耗。

India on the other hand, supplies a lot of things Nepal needs. China can compete with that and ship things an extra 3000km if it wants to offer an alternative to the Kolkata port.

Let the Nepalese choose the more expensive option. Let us be cordial with them. Let them experience life with the Chinese.

There are millions of Nepalese people in India. Let them be. Let them go to Nepal if life becomes better there.

For Nepal to make any money, tourism is very important. The Chinese will set up shop and exploit that, slowly pushing Nepalese people out of that business. It is the only way they can be repaid for all the money they will put in.

India should merely watch what typically happens when China chooses to occupy any country - they will claim it as their own in a short period of time.

The mountain people of Nepal seem to have an affinity to the Chinese. The Madhesis I am not sure of. China will not provide an open border to Nepal anytime soon. These will all ensure Nepal gets into a debt trap and Nepal will be colonised for the first time in its history.

India cannot get involved in that process. We should wish Nepalese people well, and be ready to help when the time comes.

另一方面，印度为尼泊尔提供了许多其所需物资。如果中国想替代加尔各答港，就得再多运输3000公里来竞争。

就让尼泊尔人选择更昂贵的选项吧。我们继续与他们友好相处。让他们去体验与中国人打交道的生活。

在印度有上百万尼泊尔人。由他们去吧。要是尼泊尔的生活变好了，他们可以回尼泊尔。

对尼泊尔来说，若想赚钱，旅游业至关重要。中国人会去开店经营并从中获利，逐渐将尼泊尔人挤出这个行业。这是他们收回投入资金的唯一办法。

印度只需观察他们涉足任何一个国家时通常会发生什么——他们会在短时间内将其据为己有。

尼泊尔山区的民众似乎对中国人有好感。但我不确定马德西人（尼泊尔南部平原地区居民）的态度。中国短期内不会对尼泊尔开放边境。

这些会让尼泊尔陷入债务陷阱，尼泊尔将有史以来首次被殖民。

印度不能卷入这个过程。我们应该祝福尼泊尔人民，并且在时机到来时准备好提供帮助。

Ashok Rajawat

I feel it is high time we take this step, close the borders, disband the Gorkha regiment, send back the Gorkhas to Nepal without pensions to any Nepali citizen, recall Indians staying in Nepal and also send back Nepali citizens staying in India (Indians attached to the Gorkha Regiment ti be attached to some other units)) and take every other possible step to safeguard our interests.

You might say that the suggestions are harsh and it's too early to take such a step.

Please talk to any Nepali and you will understand the brainwashing that they have gone through. The hatred that they have towards India and Indians and the threat perception and the possibility of them harming the Indian interests at any point in time very very easily (The Nepali population in general and in a private discussion in India speak about anti-India theories).

我觉得是时候采取这一步了：关闭边境，解散廓尔喀军团，把廓尔喀人遣返回尼泊尔，任何尼泊尔公民都不再发放养老金，召回滞留在尼泊尔的印度人，同时遣返滞留在印度的尼泊尔公民（隶属于廓尔喀军团的印度人可编入其他部队），并采取一切其他可行措施来维护我们的利益。

你可能会说这些建议过于苛刻，现在采取这样的措施还为时过早。

但只要你和任何一个尼泊尔人聊聊，就会明白他们被洗脑的程度有多深。他们对印度和印度人的仇恨，以及他们的威胁认知，还有他们随时都可能轻易损害印度利益的可能性（一般来说，在印度私下交流时，尼泊尔民众都会谈论反印理论）。

We need friends around India and our needs should not harm our country and we should not get a wake-up call later or there should not be any lame excuses that we never thought of it as we have been having brotherly relations for ages and so on.

The hatred towards India and Indians in Nepal or among Nepalis is not going to go off so easily. I have family relations with Nepali citizens and interact with many Nepalis on a regular basis and I am very shocked by the hatred of Nepalis towards India and Indians.

All we have to take is a preemptive action even after knowing if we wait for a reaction and then take action will be our own fault (After taking action on our end if the situation improves at a later stage, we can always go back and realign)

印度周边需要盟友，而且这些盟友的需求不应损害我们国家的利益，我们不应事后才惊醒，也不该找诸如 “我们一直以来关系亲如兄弟，所以从未想过会这样” 之类的蹩脚借口。

尼泊尔或尼泊尔人对印度和印度人的仇恨不会轻易消散。我和尼泊尔公民有亲属关系，也经常与很多尼泊尔人交流，尼泊尔人对印度和印度人的仇恨让我大为震惊。

我们必须采取先发制人的行动，即便知道如果我们等事情发生了再做出反应，那将是我们自己的错（在我们采取行动后，如果后期局势有所改善，我们随时可以回过头来重新调整策略）。

Badri

India now has to squeeze under pants of Nepal with all powers at its hands or it will be at our own peril dealing with new irritant pissedout Nepal every day with one or the other problem thrown at us. They are already creating problem in Bihar Nepal border by stop 2.5km long fortification of embankment the work which was carried out by India till recently, claiming that 500 meters of embarkment fall into Nepal’s territory.

It is too much to adopt wait and watch strategy that has failed time and again ,and now is the time to restrict movement of Nepalese to India and put curbs on travellers from India that will hit hard on tourism in Nepal. Alternatively India should put pressure and topple the present government, no matter if our cummies decry such an attempt. We can no longer be a country “that has never invaded and encroached someone’s territory “

To create a fear in tiger we have to bang a Bakra. That’s it.

印度现在必须动用一切力量，让尼泊尔服服帖帖，否则，我们就得天天应对被激怒的尼泊尔这个新麻烦，它会没完没了地给我们制造这样或那样的问题。他们已经在比哈尔邦与尼泊尔边境制造事端，阻止印度近期一直在进行的长达2.5公里的堤坝加固工程，声称有500米的堤坝属于尼泊尔领土。

一直以来屡屡失败的 “观望等待” 策略实在是不可取了。现在是时候限制尼泊尔人进入印度，同时对前往尼泊尔的印度游客设限，这会对尼泊尔的旅游业造成沉重打击。或者，印度应该施加压力，推番尼泊尔现政府，哪怕我们的盟友谴责这种做法也在所不惜。我们不能再一直当一个 “从未侵略和侵占他国领土” 的国家了。

要让老虎害怕，就得杀只羊给它看。就是这么回事。

Mandeep Khadka

Why has India's relation with Nepal degraded?

As an Assamese of Nepali origin, I wanted to write it as soon as Nepali PM Oli offered to include Indian territories as it’s own.But I prefered to remain silient untill now I feel as an ethnic Nepali and Indian Citizen my responsibility to write. I will try to be as accurate and balanced as possible.

NEPAL’S POINT OF VIEW.

1. Pro-Brahminism. "Yes" I am putting Nepal's hidden casteism at first number. Nepali society in Assam is one of the most conservative and casteist among all Assamese. This is something I personally experienced. Bahuns (Nepali word for Indo Aryan Brahmins) and Chetries( Kshatriyas, I am one) tend to see others of disapproval.
In the last 2 decades Nepal changed PM 21 times and all are Bahuns( I pressume one as Madhesi Brahmin ) .All of the Prime Ministers of Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Bahun. Whereas Bahun(12%) and Chetries(16%) make up roughly 28% of entire Nepal. Everything from politics to economics , one elite community dominates. So, any decision taken by Nepal doesnt take or represent the perspective it’s people.

2. Cultural similarities and power asymmetry. Nepal and India being culturally similar(if not same) shares a great people-to-people relation. But this is seen as a bane due to huge power asymmetry. India being an influencial country prefers to be seen as a culturally unique country. That same culture which is shared by both, Nepal sees it as a "cultural hagemon".

It is not rare for a small country to feel vulnerable to a large and capable country. Like Mexco’s “So far from god,so close to the USA”.

3. Nepal geography problem as you know is seen as a major disadvantage in Nepal. So, as young population don't want to live like their parents , wants greater economic movements. This forces Nepali govt. to reimagine exsting Nepal-China relations.

印度与尼泊尔关系为何恶化？

作为一名有尼泊尔血统的阿萨姆人，自尼泊尔总理奥利声称将印度领土纳入尼泊尔版图起，我就想就此发声。但我一直保持沉默，直到现在，我觉得作为一名尼泊尔裔的印度公民，我有责任写下这些。我会尽量做到准确且客观。

尼泊尔方面的观点

1. **亲婆罗门主义**：“没错”，我把尼泊尔隐藏的种姓制度问题放在首位。在阿萨姆邦的尼泊尔人社群，是所有阿萨姆人群体中最为保守且种姓观念最重的之一。这是我亲身经历的。巴洪（尼泊尔语中对印欧雅利安婆罗门的称呼）和切特里（刹帝利，我就属于这一种姓）往往对其他种姓带有轻视。

在过去20年里，尼泊尔换了21任总理，且都是巴洪（我猜其中一位是马德西婆罗门）。1768年至1950年间，除了兰加·纳特·波迪亚尔是巴洪，其余尼泊尔总理均为切特里。而巴洪（占比12%）和切特里（占比16%）加起来约占尼泊尔总人口的28%。从政治到经济，一切都由这一精英群体主导。所以，尼泊尔做出的任何决策，都无法体现或代表其民众的观点。

2. **文化相似性与权力不对称**：尼泊尔和印度在文化上相似（甚至可说相同），两国人民之间关系密切。但由于巨大的权力不对称，这却被视为一种弊端。印度作为一个有影响力的国家，更希望被视为具有独特文化的国家。而尼泊尔虽与印度共享同一种文化，却将印度视为 “文化霸权者”。

一个小国对强大且有能力的大国感到不安并不罕见。就像墨西哥人说的 “离上帝那么远，离美国这么近”。

3. **尼泊尔的地理困境**：如你所知，尼泊尔的地理状况被视为其一大劣势。年轻一代不想像他们的父辈那样生活，渴望更多的经济流动机会。这迫使尼泊尔政府重新审视现有的尼中关系。

4. "Dream China". china wants to rejuvinate the great Chinese civilization. They collaborately initiated Nepal- China TransHimalayan corridor after a huge pum of investments by China. Not only Nepal , but the entire region(except India) will benefit from the "Dream China".

5. Internal politics. (I don't think neccessary to explain this point).This is not first time Map issue became core issue in Nepal. K.P Sharma Oli’s govt. when came to public scrunity raise this issue to present himself as a nationalist.

6. Indian Media.

This was Bhutanese PM when he got offended by an India based global media house WION. They showed wrong picture of him. That may be a minor mistake, but the way he got offended clearly shows that this happens quite often.

Recently, Indian media stated that Bangladesh is being helped by India in covid fight. After this, Bangladeshi FM came forward to state that Bangladesh never received any help nor does it require.

4. **“中国梦”**：中国希望复兴伟大的中华文明。在中国大量投资后，双方共同启动了中尼跨喜马拉雅走廊项目。不仅是尼泊尔，整个地区（除印度外）都将从 “中国梦” 中受益。

5. **内部政治**：（我认为这一点无需过多解释）地图问题在尼泊尔并非首次成为核心议题。卡德加·普拉萨德·夏尔马·奥利政府在面临公众审视时，抛出这个问题以塑造自己的民族主义形象。

6. **印度媒体**：

不丹首相曾因一家总部位于印度的全球媒体WION而感到被冒犯。该媒体用错了他的照片。这或许是个小失误，但他如此生气，显然表明这类事情时有发生。

最近，印度媒体称印度在抗疫方面帮助了孟加拉国。此后，孟加拉国外长站出来表示，孟加拉国从未接受过印度的帮助，也不需要。

7. Madeshi Crisis and Democraphic Challenges. Medhesi politicians are (allegedly ) loyal to India not Nepal. Nepali media and politicians blame some southern politicians of propagating anti-Nepali and separatist sentiments in Terai regions. Madhesi on the other hand claim to be discriminated against by Northern elites. Also there is a huge wealth inequality in Nepal. Reports suggests that richest 1% are 26 times richer than bottom 40%. Surely 1% are the Nepali elites whereas most Madhesis fit into the 40% chunk. Further, ethnic Nepalis are around 65% of Nepal's total populace but Nepali speaking elites are only 42% not making majority anymore . So they hold the immigration in the south as responsible(most Madhesis are seen as immigrants , which is not true).

8. Perceived anti-Nepali sentiments are also responsible for weaking the people to people relations b/w the two nations. Like the Madhesi , Indian Nepalis are also perceived as immigrants and are therefore subjected to discrimination and racism. Recent Amazon Prime release Patallok passed a deterogatory comment on Nepalis. Yes , creative freedom is its justification. From Nepalese citizens to the Indian gorkha bodies including MPs of Sikkim and Darjeeling expressed their disregard . Further, after recent map-fixng , #BoycottPatanjali started to trend bz Balakrishnan Acharya being an ethnic Nepali . It can be said as political bz Patanjali’s Ram Dev is seen as a pro-bjp .

7. 马德西危机与人口结构挑战：（据称）马德西政治家效忠于印度而非尼泊尔。尼泊尔媒体和政治家指责一些南方政治家在特莱地区宣扬反尼泊尔和分裂主义情绪。而马德西人则声称受到北方精英的歧视。此外，尼泊尔存在巨大的贫富差距。报告显示，最富有的1%人群比底层40%人群富裕26倍。可以肯定，这1%就是尼泊尔的精英阶层，而大多数马德西人属于那40%的群体。再者，尼泊尔族约占尼泊尔总人口的65%，但说尼泊尔语的精英仅占42%，不再占多数。所以他们认为南方的移民（大多数马德西人被视为移民，但这并不属实）是造成这种情况的原因。

8. 被感知到的反尼泊尔情绪：这种情绪也导致两国人民之间关系的弱化。和马德西人一样，在印度的尼泊尔人也被视为移民，因此遭受歧视和种族主义。亚马逊Prime近期发布的《帕塔洛克》对尼泊尔人发表了诋毁性言论。是的，他们以创作自由为理由。从尼泊尔公民到包括锡金和大吉岭议员在内的印度廓尔喀团体，都表达了不满。此外，在最近的地图划定事件后，由于巴拉科里什南·阿查里亚是尼泊尔裔，话题#抵制帕坦伽利#开始流行。这可以说是出于政治原因，因为帕坦伽利的拉姆·德夫被视为亲印度人民党。

INDIA’S POINT OF VIEW.

1. String of pearl. Chinese advantures are growing in the region. Recently Maldivian President stated that China now owns more land than "The East India Company". China by it's smart moves and debt-trap is trying to encircle India. It alrealy spent billions of Dollars to build the famous CPEC which will transverse Pakistan to reach the Indian Ocean, which is considered as a play yard of India. It already debt ridden Sri Lanka to obtain a port in lease for 99 years. It also has serious investments in Maldives, Bangladesh, Myanmar and now in Nepal.

2. Obligations to Madhesis. India , for obvious reasons have more affinity to the Madhesis( speaking Maithili, Bhojpuri, Braj, Awadhi) than to the Indo-Aryan Nepalese and other Nepal's ethnic Asians.

3. The Chinese Threat. wolf worriors, Ladakh's barbaric attack and constant provocation by Chinese mouth piece, The Global Times do justify the threat.

4. Our "Hindu" Nepal. Indian Govt always considered it as a boon. Nepal and India were ,are and always will remain brothers. This led to blurred focus. All the former Nepali politicians, kings and think tanks studied in reputed Indian institutes of those days. This is no longer true . With improving standard of living , Nepal has some efficent school of teachings and also venture abroad. India have to understand this shift from Banaras to Bangaluru.

5. Internal Politics.(no explanation required)

6. The perceived "leftist"threat and govt. of Nepal. Oli's mocking of Indian emblem to anti-India rhetoric justifies this threat.

7. Perceived anti-Indian sentiments in Nepal. The Oli's remark are evident as mentioned in the above point.

印度的观点

1.珍珠链战略：中国在该地区的活动日益增多。最近马尔代夫总统称，中国如今拥有的土地比 “东印度公司” 还多。中国凭借其巧妙手段，试图对印度形成包围圈。中国已斥资数十亿美元建设著名的中巴经济走廊（CPEC），该走廊将穿越巴基斯坦抵达印度洋，而印度洋被印度视为自家后院。还让债务缠身的斯里兰卡将一个港口租让99年。此外，中国在马尔代夫、孟加拉国、缅甸以及如今的尼泊尔都有重大投资。

2. 对马德西人的责任：出于种种明显原因，相较于印欧语系的尼泊尔人和尼泊尔其他亚裔族群，印度对马德西人（说迈蒂利语、博杰普尔语、布拉吉语、阿瓦迪语）更具亲近感。

3. 中国威胁论：“战狼外交”、拉达克地区袭击，以及中国媒体的不断挑衅，都被视为这种威胁的 “佐证”。（注：所谓“战狼外交”是美西方对中国正当外交的抹黑，中国始终坚定走和平发展道路，致力于维护世界和平与发展。拉达克地区冲突责任完全在印方，是印方违反双方协议，单方面挑衅造成的）

4. 我们的 “印度教” 尼泊尔：印度政府一直将尼泊尔视为一种福祉。尼泊尔和印度过去是、现在是，且永远都会是兄弟之邦。这种观念导致了认识上的模糊。过去，尼泊尔所有的前政客、国王和智囊团都在印度当时的知名院校学习。但如今情况已不再如此。随着生活水平的提高，尼泊尔有了一些高效的教育机构，并且也向国外拓展。印度必须理解这种变化。

5. 国内政治

6. “左派” 威胁与尼泊尔政府：奥利对印度国徽的嘲讽以及反印言论，都被视为这种威胁的体现。

7. 尼泊尔反印情绪：如上述提到的，奥利的言论就是明显例证。

Sulav Karki

Should India cancel the 'Transit treaty' with Nepal and ask Nepal to find alternative route for their goods?

Nepal has a right to use India for transit under international law as it is a landlocked Country. Now, first this transit treaty is favourable not only to Nepal but also India because India is selling us lots of goods and we are buying it. Of course many Nepalis feel that we should absolutely explore alternative routes for trade like through China because being totally dependent on India for goods is a problem.

Finally i always make this point that Nepalis have no problem with Indian people, we have similar religion culture and language. The problem Nepalis have is with the foreign policy of Indian govt that is based on sphere of influence meaning that India as a big and powerful country has a right to bully its neighbors and order Nepal to do its bidding. We may have politicians in Nepal who may do that sadly but not the Nepalis. This foreign policy of India is the main reason behind rising anti India sentiment in Nepal when in fact Nepal and India should have been natural allies working together. I hope that happens in the future.

印度是否应该取消与尼泊尔的《过境条约》，并要求尼泊尔为其货物寻找替代路线？

尼泊尔作为一个内陆国家，根据国际法有权借道印度进行过境运输。目前，这份过境条约不仅对尼泊尔有利，对印度也有益，因为印度向我们出售大量商品，而我们也在购买。当然，许多尼泊尔人认为，我们绝对应该探索像通过中国这样的贸易替代路线，因为完全依赖印度获取货物是个问题。

最后我总是强调这一点，尼泊尔人对印度人民并无意见，我们有着相似的宗教、文化和语言。尼泊尔人所不满的是印度政府基于势力范围制定的外交政策，即印度作为一个大国强国，有权欺凌邻国，并命令尼泊尔按其意愿行事。遗憾的是，尼泊尔可能有政客会这么做，但普通尼泊尔民众不会。印度的这种外交政策是尼泊尔国内反印情绪上升的主要原因，而实际上尼泊尔和印度本应是携手合作的天然盟友。我希望未来情况能有所改观。

Jyotish Bishwakarma

Nepal is landlocked, it is not India's fault. Why should India every time give access of its land and ports to transport Nepal's merchandise? Why don't Nepal do that through their friend China instead?

Please also do not forget Nepal is one of top 10 exporting countries of India. So stop all the access to Nepal would certainly hamper Nepal in a short run but it it would impact India too as India would lose a significant amount of foreign income that it earns from Nepal.

Currently there is geographical advantage to India as we have easier access than we have to china. But once India blocks nepal, we would have no choice rather than going to China which would look difficult initially due to poor transportation network and geographical challenges but once we build good transport connections with China, India would be on the losing side.

So the relation between India and Nepal is win-win and it should continue with mutual understanding and respect. We might be smaller in size but it is a sovereign country and has same status as India, China or USA have and as far as allowing access to port to landlocked country is concerned it is sth ensured by international laws.

尼泊尔是内陆国家，这并非印度的过错。为何印度每次都要让尼泊尔使用其土地和港口来运输货物呢？为何不借道中国呢

也请不要忘记，尼泊尔是印度前十大出口国之一。所以，短期内停止对尼泊尔的所有通道，肯定会给尼泊尔带来阻碍，但这也会对印度产生影响，因为印度将失去从尼泊尔赚取的大量外汇收入。

目前，印度在地理上具有优势，相比与中国的往来，我们与尼泊尔的联系更为便捷。但一旦印度封锁尼泊尔，尼泊尔将别无选择，只能转向中国。由于交通网络不完善和地理条件的挑战，起初这可能会很困难，但一旦尼泊尔与中国建立起良好的交通连接，印度将处于不利地位。

所以，印度和尼泊尔之间的关系是双赢的，应该在相互理解和尊重的基础上继续保持。尼泊尔或许国土面积较小，但它是一个主权国家，与印度、中国或美国具有同等地位。就允许内陆国家使用港口这一点而言，这是国际法所保障的。

Prabhaker N Thakur

Why is India not giving back Nepal territory?

I have been visiting Nepal for over 40 years now and have too many friends there. Therefore, I will not use the accusing tone you have used to ask your question. And will try and keep it as polite as possible.

In all these years, not even once have I come across any native of Nepal complaining about India occupying Nepalese territory, till recent times when one of your PM’s started supporting China blatantly.

You speak as if India has an expansionist mindset and it goes around grabbing other country’s lands blatantly. If you have to worry, then you should worry about losing not only your land but also your culture in the hands of an invader who is there to wipe you off the face of this earth.

Coming back to your question again, if there is any territorial conflict between India and Nepal, then please allow the politicians and other professionals to take care of this issue. You should continue to live peacefully with other Indians the way you have been living for ages.

If you disagree, then it would be nice for you to think of a way out to close the borders and take all the Nepalese citizens back from India and take care of them on your own. That would also free a lot of Indian lands. No?

But, I don’t believe in this, as Nepal is almost like a second home to me.

印度为什么不归还尼泊尔领土？

40多年来我一直频繁前往尼泊尔，在那里有很多朋友。所以，我不会像你提问时那样用指责的口吻，而是尽可能礼貌地来谈。

这些年里，我从未遇到过任何一个尼泊尔当地人抱怨印度占领尼泊尔领土，直到最近你们（尼泊尔）某位总理开始公然支持中国。

你说话的口气，搞得好像印度有扩张主义心态、公然四处掠夺他国土地。如果你真要担心，那应该担心的是，在一个妄图把你们从地球上抹去的侵略者手中，失去的不仅是你们的土地，还有你们的文化。

回到你的问题，如果印度和尼泊尔之间存在任何领土争端，那就请让政客和其他专业人士去处理这个问题。你应该像过去一样，继续与其他印度人和平共处。

如果你不同意，那你不妨想想办法关闭边境，把所有在印度的尼泊尔公民都接回去，自己照顾他们。这样还能腾出很多印度土地，不是吗？

但我不认同这种做法，因为尼泊尔对我来说几乎就像第二个家。