从基础设施来看，马来西亚是东南亚最发达的国家吗

Is Malaysia the most developed country on the basis of infrastructure in Southeast Asia?

从基础设施来看，马来西亚是东南亚最发达的国家吗？

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Abdul Ahad

I don’t believe GDP per capita is the correct way to judge whether a country is high or low income, because earning more money doesn’t necessarily mean a country is more developed. Malaysia may not be as rich as the USA, Canada, or Singapore, but it has some of the best infrastructure, not just in Southeast Asia, but in the world. The roads are wide and clean, and the Klang Valley boasts a massive metro system with 11 lines. However, stations lack walking pathways, which could be improved. Malaysia also has intercity trains that make it easier to travel between cities. An exciting project called the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) is opening in 2027, which will improve travel to the eastern side of the country.

我认为，以人均国内生产总值（GDP）来评判一个国家收入水平的高低并非恰当，毕竟收入增加并不一定就意味着国家更为发达。马来西亚或许不像美国、加拿大或新加坡那般富裕，但它拥有一些堪称世界一流的基础设施，这在东南亚地区尤为突出。马来西亚的道路宽阔整洁，巴生谷拥有庞大的地铁系统，线路多达11条。不过，地铁站缺少步行通道，这一点还有改进空间。马来西亚还有城际列车，让城市间的出行变得更加便捷。一项令人瞩目的项目——东海岸铁路（ECRL）将于2027年开通，届时前往该国东部地区将更为便利。

Kuala Lumpur's airport is world-class, though it is a bit outdated by current standards. Malaysia also has the world's fourth-largest number of tall buildings, showing how much development has already taken place. Housing is extremely well-developed, with options like condominiums and terrace houses. Condominiums often include amenities such as gyms, swimming pools, and other activities. The education infrastructure is also well-developed, and Malaysia is considered an affordable place for education. It hosts overseas campuses of UK and Australian universities, such as Monash University, Swinburne University of Technology, the University of Nottingham, and the University of Southampton, demonstrating the trust international universities place in Malaysia. Hospitals in Malaysia are fantastic, with top-notch facilities, and medical tourism is growing rapidly. Overall, Malaysia's impressive infrastructure, education, and healthcare systems highlight its significant progress and development.

吉隆坡的机场堪称世界级，尽管以当前标准衡量，它略显陈旧。马来西亚的高层建筑数量位居世界第四，这充分展现了其发展程度。住房建设极为发达，有公寓和排屋等多种选择。公寓通常配备健身房、游泳池等休闲设施。教育基础设施也很完善，马来西亚被视为一个性价比高的求学之地。英国和澳大利亚的多所大学，如莫纳什大学、斯威本科技大学、诺丁汉大学和南安普敦大学，都在此设立了海外校区，这表明国际高校对马来西亚的信任。马来西亚的医院设施一流，医疗旅游也在迅速发展。总体而言，马来西亚令人赞叹的基础设施、教育及医疗体系，彰显了其显著的进步与发展。

Hahn Kim

If you compare Malaysia with Singapore, People will say Singapore…which is not entirely true.

Singapore’s Land Mass is 719.1 km², Malaysia is 329,613km² (66th Largest in the world) that is 458 times that of Singapore.

Can anyone honestly tell me Malaysia can attain the infrastructure the likes of Singapore in 50 years?

Singapore is 100% urbanized, Malaysia at 54%.

(Urbanization by country - Wikipedia)

So for a country that is 100% urbanized and rich, if their infrastructure is that of a develo nation, then they are doing a shitty job.

Malaysia being only 54% urbanized, you shouldn’t be surprised when roads and other infrastructures are at best minimal.

要是拿马来西亚和新加坡作比较，人们往往会说新加坡更发达，但这并不完全正确。

新加坡的国土面积为719.1平方公里，而马来西亚面积达329,613平方公里（世界排名第66位），是新加坡的458倍。

有谁能坦诚地告诉我，马来西亚在50年内能建成像新加坡那样的基础设施吗？

新加坡的城市化率为100%，而马来西亚只有54%。（数据来源于维基百科“各国城市化情况”）

所以，对于一个城市化率100%且富裕的国家而言，如果其基础设施还处于发展中国家水平，那他们可就做得太差劲了。

马来西亚的城市化率仅54%，要是看到其道路和其他基础设施相对匮乏，也就不足为奇了。

Claude Cliff

Singapore has the most developed infrastructure in the entire South East Asia region hands down. Singapore beat the other country by a long margin.

毫无疑问，新加坡拥有整个东南亚地区最为发达的基础设施。新加坡在这方面远超其他国家。

Anonymous

I’ve lived in Malaysia and Singapore and consider myself “from” neither. In my mostly unbiased opinion, in terms of infrastructure development and overall standard of living I’d say Singapore wins by a longshot as the most developed in southeast Asia.

Aspects of Singapore that are more developed than Malaysia:

Higher standard of medical facilities
Higher standard of schools
Higher standard and stricter inspections of food establishments
Drinkable tap water
Greater availability of data about the city, in general
Well-documented, stable public transit system that covers every corner of the city with seamless transfers between lines and with comprehensive multi-lingual signage
Much higher internet connection speeds, in general
Strict building codes and inspections in terms of fire safety and structure

That said, Malaysia is still awesome, and infrastructure-wise, significantly more developed than the majority of southeast Asian countries. I’d say Malaysia wins over Singapore on average in terms of outdoor activities, nature, cultural activities, and food ;)

我在马来西亚和新加坡都生活过，但我觉得自己不属于这两个国家中的任何一方。以我基本客观的看法，就基础设施建设和整体生活水平而言，新加坡无疑是东南亚地区最为发达的，领先优势明显。

新加坡比马来西亚更发达的方面如下：

- 医疗设施水平更高

- 学校标准更高

- 对餐饮场所的检查标准更高且更严格

- 自来水可直接饮用

- 关于城市的各类信息总体上更为丰富

- 公共交通系统记录完备、运行稳定，覆盖城市的各个角落，线路间换乘无缝衔接，且有全面的多语言标识

- 总体而言，网络连接速度快得多

- 在消防安全和建筑结构方面，建筑规范和检查更为严格

话虽如此，马来西亚也很棒，在基础设施方面，比大多数东南亚国家要发达得多。我认为，在户外活动、自然景观、文化活动和美食方面，马来西亚平均来说要胜过新加坡。

Haziq Rosli

Why is Singapore so much more developed than Malaysia?

Because Malaysia is run by baboons for baboons.

If you list out all their resources in 1965 and put them side by side, no reasonable expert would have expected Singapore to be so ridiculously far ahead of Malaysia than it currently is.

为什么新加坡比马来西亚发达这么多？

因为马来西亚是一群“狒狒”在治理国家。

要是把1965年两国的所有资源列出来并进行对比，任何理性的专家都不会料到如今新加坡会远远领先于马来西亚，差距大得离谱。

But the fact is Malaysians don't want Malaysia to change. Official policies are dominated by race and religion. Then there's an awkward division of power between the elected federal government, the local government and a bunch of kings playing musical chairs. Many masters, different interests. Too many masters in my opinion.

Singapore's one dominant party enables it to function as one cohesive unit and maintains consistency in the future direction of the country through sucessive generations of politicians. Basically the shining example of when an autocracy works as planned.

但事实是，马来西亚人不想看到马来西亚改变。官方政策受种族和宗教因素主导。而且，民选的联邦政府、地方政府，还有一群像玩抢椅子游戏般轮流执政的统治者之间，权力划分十分尴尬。主人太多，利益诉求各不相同。在我看来，管事的人实在太多了。

新加坡的一党独大，使得国家能像一个紧密结合的整体一样运作，并且通过一代又一代的政治家，始终如一地朝着国家未来的方向前行。这基本上就是专制体制按计划发挥作用的一个典型例子。

Malaysia's fragmented leadership has resulted in many projects being started, stalled or otherwise completely abandoned halfway. Many hands dip into the same pie and imposing their own egos and wills. One guy doesn't like China, the other guy wants to give the contract to his friends.

I have no idea what Malaysia has planned for 2030 while Singapore's already mapped out 2065. If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. That's the real difference in a nutshell. You can tell that Malaysia doesn't plan ahead just from their basic design of their public transport system with bus stops being unreachable from the train stations and missing footpaths forcing pedestrians to walk on the road. It's like they woke up one morning and decided this area needs a bus stop. Is it connected, sheltered or accessible? Don't know, don't care. The rakyat will figure out a way by cutting through the bushes and under the overpass.

马来西亚领导层面的碎片化，导致许多项目开工后停滞不前，甚至半途而废。太多人都想在同一块蛋糕上插上一手，把自己的想法和意志强加于项目之上。这个人不喜欢中国，那个人就想把合同给朋友。

我不知道马来西亚对2030年有什么规划，而新加坡已经规划到了2065年。不做规划，就是在规划着失败。简而言之，这就是真正的差别。光是从公共交通系统的基础设计，你就能看出马来西亚没有提前规划。公交站与火车站不通，人行步道缺失，行人被迫走在马路上。就好像他们某天早上一觉醒来，突然决定这个地方需要一个公交站。它有没有连接性、有没有遮雨棚、方不方便到达？不知道，也不在乎。民众会自己想办法，比如穿过灌木丛、从天桥下走。

Ananza Veraya

The quality of infrastructure of Southeast Asian countries, who is the best and the worst?

This is the ranking in every aspects of infrastructure, you can see from this ranking.

NUMBER 1 is Singapore followed by Malaysia, third Indonesia and fourth Thailand. This is in every infrastructure aspects

东南亚国家中，谁的基础设施质量最好，谁又最差呢？

以下是各方面基础设施的排名，从这个排名中你可以看出端倪。

排名第一的是新加坡，其次是马来西亚，第三是印度尼西亚，第四是泰国。这是基于基础设施各方面得出的排名。

Donald Canton

Why is Malaysia still a develo country while neighbouring Singapore has become a developed country?

Malaysia has fallen into the "middle-income trap" and has little hope of becoming a high-income and developed country. The Middle-Income Trap refers to an economy's per capita GNI (Gross National Income, equivalent to GNP) reaching the middle level. Due to rising labor costs, the disappearance of demographic dividends, difficulties in industrial upgrading, insufficient growth momentum, and development trends, the country has stagnated and has been stuck in the middle-income stage for a long time.

A high-income country is the basic condition for a developed country. If it cannot become a high-income country, it will naturally not become a developed country. Malaysia’s per capita GNI in 2020 was US$10,580. Malaysia has been hovering at the US$10,000 level for 10 years. In 2012, Malaysia's per capita GNI exceeded US$10,000, and in 2020 it was still around US$10,000. Malaysia is a typical example of falling into the middle-income trap, but many countries have fallen into the middle-income trap. There are more than 30 countries in the world, such as Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, Mexco, and Turkey. Only can a dozen countries manage to cross the middle-income trap.

为什么马来西亚仍是发展中国家，而邻国新加坡却已成为发达国家呢？

马来西亚陷入了“中等收入陷阱”，成为高收入发达国家的希望渺茫。“中等收入陷阱”指的是一个经济体的人均国民总收入（GNI，等同于国民生产总值GNP）达到中等水平后，由于劳动力成本上升、人口红利消失、产业升级困难、增长动力不足以及发展趋势等因素，国家发展停滞，长期被困在中等收入阶段。

成为高收入国家是成为发达国家的基本条件。如果无法成为高收入国家，自然也就无法成为发达国家。2020年马来西亚人均国民总收入为10,580美元。十年来，马来西亚一直徘徊在1万美元左右的水平。2012年，马来西亚人均国民总收入突破1万美元，到2020年仍维持在这一水平上下。马来西亚是陷入中等收入陷阱的典型例子，但其实许多国家都深陷其中。全球有30多个国家处于这种情况，比如俄罗斯、巴西、阿根廷、泰国、墨西哥和土耳其。仅有十几个国家成功跨越了中等收入陷阱。

In Asia, the best examples of countries in the middle-income trap are Malaysia and Thailand, whose labor-intensive production and export models have remained largely unchanged over the past two decades. At the same time, they face increasing competition from low-cost producers, first from China and India and more recently from Vietnam and Cambodia.

Malaysia started by relying on cheap labor and the introduction of foreign technology to develop labor-intensive industries. It can achieve a substantial increase in productivity by allocating labor from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity manufacturing. Low-cost products make it competitive in the international market.

在亚洲，陷入中等收入陷阱的典型国家是马来西亚和泰国，在过去二十年里，它们劳动密集型的生产和出口模式基本没有改变。与此同时，它们面临着来自低成本生产国日益激烈的竞争，最初是来自中国和印度，最近则来自越南和柬埔寨。

马来西亚起步时依靠廉价劳动力和引进外国技术发展劳动密集型产业。通过将劳动力从低生产率的农业部门调配到高生产率的制造业，实现了生产率的大幅提升。低成本产品使其在国际市场上具备竞争力。

To avoid falling into the middle-income trap, people must change the industrial structure as soon as possible and find new ways to improve productivity. The main source of productivity gains comes from shifting to high-value industries and promoting local innovation, rather than continuing to rely on foreign technology.

Innovation achievements are inseparable from huge and sustained capital investment, which can be seen from R&D intensity (R&D expenditure as a proportion of GDP). Malaysia's R&D intensity is also at a relatively high level among develo countries, at 1.43%. However, judging from the size of its GDP, the total investment is still too small, and it is difficult to keep up with the pace of developed countries.

Malaysia has fallen into the middle-income trap and has little chance of becoming a high-income country.

为避免陷入中等收入陷阱，必须尽快改变产业结构，寻找提高生产率的新途径。生产率提高的主要来源在于向高附加值产业转型以及推动本土创新，而不是继续依赖外国技术。

创新成果离不开大量且持续的资金投入，这一点从研发强度（研发支出占国内生产总值的比例）便可看出。在发展中国家中，马来西亚的研发强度处于相对较高水平，达到1.43%。然而，从其国内生产总值的规模来看，总投入仍然太少，难以跟上发达国家的步伐。

马来西亚已陷入中等收入陷阱，成为高收入国家的机会不大。

Che Art

Why is Malaysia not as developed as other countries in Southeast Asia?

As a Malaysian, I would like to answer this question with facts and figures. No gut feelings, no perceptions, no half-cook thoughts. All facts and figures. After that, the readers can come up with their own conclusion on where Malaysia stands in South East Asia and the world.

Tugu Negara (National Monument), Malaysia. Fun facts: Upon completion in 1966, the Tugu Negara is the world’s tallest bronze freestanding sculpture grou, until today. The monument is 15 meters (49.21 feet) tall, made of bronze and was designed by Austrian sculptor Felix de Weldon, who was also responsible for the Marine Corps War Memorial in Virginia, United States.

为什么马来西亚没有东南亚其他国家那么发达？

作为一名马来西亚人，我想用事实和数据来回答这个问题。没有直觉判断，没有主观臆想，也没有不成熟的想法。全都是事实和数据。之后，读者们可以自行得出关于马来西亚在东南亚以及世界上处于何种地位的结论。

马来西亚的国家纪念碑（Tugu Negara）。有趣的是：1966年建成时，国家纪念碑是世界上最高的独立青铜雕塑群，直至今日依然如此。这座纪念碑高15米（49.21英尺），由青铜制成，由奥地利雕塑家费利克斯·德·韦尔登（Felix de Weldon）设计，他还负责了美国弗吉尼亚州的海军陆战队战争纪念雕塑的设计。

According to the wikipedia definition, a developed country is a country that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Normally, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are GDP, GNP, the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.

Now, there are 11 countries in South East Asia. None can be considered a developed nation. Not even Singapore. Maybe a highly-developed develo country, but not yet a developed country. For those of you who doesn’t know (or too lazy to google) what are the 11 countries, below is the list (based on land area and population):

根据维基百科的定义，发达国家是指与其他工业化程度较低的国家相比，拥有高质量生活、发达经济和先进技术基础设施的国家。通常，评估经济发展程度的标准包括国内生产总值（GDP）、国民生产总值（GNP）、人均收入、工业化水平、广泛的基础设施数量以及总体生活水平。

如今，东南亚有11个国家。没有一个能被视为发达国家。即使是新加坡也不行。或许可以说是高度发达的发展中国家，但还不是发达国家。如果你们中有人不知道（或者懒得去谷歌搜索）这11个国家是哪些，以下是列表（按国土面积和人口排列）：

Indonesia (land area: 1900k km², pop: 273.5mil) Capital & Largest city: Jakarta
Thailand (land area: 513k km², pop: 69.7mil) Capital & Largest city: Bangkok
Malaysia (land area: 330.8k km², pop: 32.3mil). Capital: Putrajaya. Largest city: Kuala Lumpur
Vietnam (land area: 311k km², pop: 97.3mil). Capital: Hanoi. Largest city: Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Philippines (land area: 300k km², pop: 109.5mil) Capital: Manila. Largest city: Quezon City
Myanmar (land area; 261k km², pop: 54.4mil). Capital: Naypydaw. Largest city: Yangon
Laos (land area: 237k km², pop: 7.2mil) Capital & Largest city: Vientiene
Cambodia (land area: 184k km², pop: 16.7mil) Capital & Largest city: Phnom Penh
Timor Leste (land area: 15k km², pop: 1.3mil) Capital & Largest city: Dili
Brunei Darussalam (land area: 5000 km², pop: 400k) Capital & Largest city: Bandar Seri Begawan
Singapore (land area: 0.7k km², pop: 5.8mil). City State.

Largest country is Indonesia, smallest is Singapore. Indonesia also is the most populous with 273.5 million people, and Brunei Darussalam is the least populous with only 400,000 souls. Timor Leste is the youngest brother.

- 印度尼西亚（国土面积：190万平方公里，人口：2.735亿）。首都及最大城市：雅加达
- 泰国（国土面积：51.3万平方公里，人口：6970万）。首都及最大城市：曼谷
- 马来西亚（国土面积：33.08万平方公里，人口：3230万）。首都：布城。最大城市：吉隆坡
- 越南（国土面积：31.1万平方公里，人口：9730万）。首都：河内。最大城市：胡志明市（西贡）
- 菲律宾（国土面积：30万平方公里，人口：1.095亿）。首都：马尼拉。最大城市：奎松市
- 缅甸（国土面积：26.1万平方公里，人口：5440万）。首都：内比都。最大城市：仰光
- 老挝（国土面积：23.7万平方公里，人口：720万）。首都及最大城市：万象
- 柬埔寨（国土面积：18.4万平方公里，人口：1670万）。首都及最大城市：金边
- 东帝汶（国土面积：1.5万平方公里，人口：130万）。首都及最大城市：帝力
- 文莱达鲁萨兰国（国土面积：5000平方公里，人口：40万）。首都及最大城市：斯里巴加湾市
- 新加坡（国土面积：0.7万平方公里，人口：580万）。城市国家

面积最大的国家是印度尼西亚，最小的是新加坡。印度尼西亚人口也最多，达2.735亿，而文莱达鲁萨兰国人口最少，仅有40万。东帝汶是其中最年轻的国家。

GDP per capita

As I was saying before, normally people measure the development of a nation by looking at its GDP per capita, which is basically a nation’s income divided by its population. Based on latest GDP per capita:

Brunei Darussalam USD79,816
Singapore USD79,575
Malaysia USD13, 268
Thailand USD7,448
Indonesia USD4,690
Vietnam USD4,121
Philippines USD3,686
Laos USD2,318
Cambodia USD1,842
Timor Leste USD1,456
Myanmar USD1,285

人均国内生产总值（GDP）

正如我之前所说，通常人们通过查看人均国内生产总值来衡量一个国家的发展程度，它基本上是一个国家的总收入除以其人口数。根据最新的人均GDP数据：

- 文莱达鲁萨兰国：79,816美元
- 新加坡：79,575美元
- 马来西亚：13,268美元
- 泰国：7,448美元
- 印度尼西亚：4,690美元
- 越南：4,121美元
- 菲律宾：3,686美元
- 老挝：2,318美元
- 柬埔寨：1,842美元
- 东帝汶：1,456美元
- 缅甸：1,285美元

Average GDP per capita for South East Asia is USD5,045. Only 4 of 11 countries are above average, which is Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The poorest nation is Myanmar. Some economists consider a developed nation must at least have USD12,000-15,000 per capita income. Some considered USD25,000-30,000 per capita income as the lowest threshold. By this definition alone, looks like only Brunei and Singapore are qualified as developed nations. But, is Brunei a developed nation? Is Singapore? We cannot compare a 400,000 population of Brunei or 5.8mil population of Singapore to huge 273.5mil people of Indonesia, or 109.5mil people of Philippines. Its like comparing apple to durian. Indonesia is a trillion income country, but it has 4th largest population as well. So to see just GDP per capita is not accurate enough to determine who is more developed than the other. We need to look into other criteria as well, level of industrialization, level of infrastructure, and standards of living.

东南亚的人均GDP平均水平为5,045美元。11个国家中只有4个高于平均水平，即文莱、新加坡、马来西亚和泰国。最贫穷的国家是缅甸。一些经济学家认为，一个发达国家的人均收入至少要达到12,000 - 15,000美元。还有一些人认为人均收入25,000 - 30,000美元是最低门槛。仅从这个定义来看，似乎只有文莱和新加坡符合发达国家的标准。但是，文莱是发达国家吗？新加坡是吗？我们不能把人口40万的文莱或人口580万的新加坡，与拥有2.735亿人口的印度尼西亚，或者1.095亿人口的菲律宾相提并论。这就好比拿苹果和榴莲作比较。印度尼西亚是万亿美元经济体，但它也是世界人口第四多的国家。所以仅看人均GDP并不足以准确判断谁比谁更发达。我们还需要考虑其他标准，比如工业化水平、基础设施水平和生活水平。

Vehicles per capita (excluding 2 wheels)

Brunei, 614 vehicles per 1000 population. Number of vehicles estimated at 268,000.
Malaysia, 542 vehicles per 1000 population. Estimated vehicles 17mil.
Thailand, 280 vehicles per 1000 population. Estimated vehicles 19mil.
Singapore, 149 vehicles per 1000 pop. Estimated vehicles 847,000.
Myanmar, 138 vehicles per 1000 pop. Estimated vehicles 7.5mil.
Indonesia, 82 vehicles per 1000 pop. Estimated vehicles 22mil.
Philippines, 45 vehicles per 1000 pop. Estimated vehicles 4.9mil
Vietnam, 35 vehicles per 1000 pop. Estimated vehicles 3.4mil

人均车辆拥有量（不包括两轮车）

- 文莱，每1000人拥有614辆车。车辆总数估计为26.8万辆。
- 马来西亚，每1000人拥有542辆车。估计车辆总数为1700万辆。
- 泰国，每1000人拥有280辆车。估计车辆总数为1900万辆。
- 新加坡，每1000人拥有149辆车。估计车辆总数为84.7万辆。
- 缅甸，每1000人拥有138辆车。估计车辆总数为750万辆。
- 印度尼西亚，每1000人拥有82辆车。估计车辆总数为2200万辆。
- 菲律宾，每1000人拥有45辆车。估计车辆总数为490万辆。
- 越南，每1000人拥有35辆车。估计车辆总数为340万辆。

Motorcycle per capita

Vietnam is leading the world in 2-wheels vehicle on the road. This is not a positive criteria for a developed nation as this vehicle considered as moped or small-cc motorcycle. Unlike the west who owned high power motorcycle. However, this is included more as a fun facts.

Vietnam, 358 motorcycles per 1000 pop.
Malaysia, 332 motorcycles per 1000 pop.
Indonesia, 251 motorcycles per 1000 pop.
Thailand, 251 motorcycles per 1000 pop.

This shows that South East Asian countries are huge market for small-engine motorcycles.

人均摩托车拥有量

越南在两轮车保有量方面位居世界前列。但这对一个发达国家来说并非积极指标，因为这里所说的车辆多被视为轻便摩托车或小排量摩托车。不像西方拥有的是大功率摩托车。不过，这更多是作为一个有趣的事实列出。

- 越南，每1000人拥有358辆摩托车。
- 马来西亚，每1000人拥有332辆摩托车。
- 印度尼西亚，每1000人拥有251辆摩托车。
- 泰国，每1000人拥有251辆摩托车。

这表明东南亚国家是小排量摩托车的巨大市场。

Conclusion

Based on above data, we can deduce each country’s strength. To say Malaysia is less developed from other SEA countries is totally wrong

Thank you.

Sources from: Wikipedia, Skytrax, and free online information.

结论

根据上述数据，我们可以推断出每个国家的优势。说马来西亚比其他东南亚国家欠发达是完全错误的。

数据来源：维基百科、Skytrax以及免费在线信息。